TheBrain

2006 Trexler_A Statistically Driven Approach to Offset-Based GHG Additionality Determinations - What Can We Learn?

All additionality tests are trying to answer the same question

Never has so much been said about a topic . . .

Additionality can be operationalized if we recognize the context in which it has to operate

Additionality comes down to the "why" of an emissions reduction

Additionality has gotten more confusing over time

Additionality is a means to an end, not an end

Additionality policy design principle #1

Additionality policy design principle #2

Additionality policy design principle #3

Additionality policy design principle #4

Additionality policy design principle #5

Additionality policy design principle #6a

Additionality policy design principle #6b

Additionality policy design principle #6c

Conceptually, the need for of additionality is very simple

GHG market fundamental #1

GHG market fundamental #2

GHG market fundamental #3

GHG market fundamental #4

GHG market fundamental #5

GHG market fundamental #6

GHG market fundamental #7

If getting a market going is the key goal, be transparent about it

Illustrative additionality tests

Is additionality really important?

It is possible to put together an effective additionality testing system - but it may require a lot of work

Statistical concept #1

Statistical concept #2

Statistical concept #3 - errors can't be fully eliminated

Statistical concept #4 - the approriate error balance is specific to the nature of the test

The additionality challenge is common to all offset systems

The additionality wars could continue forever

The relative proportions of "phantom reductions" and "lost opportunities" depends on multiple variables

There is no difference between project, sectoral, and policy additionality

There is no universally right answer to additionality, but it is critical to the market

S - Additionality of Offsets

Week 7 - Offset Additionality Deep Dive

200X Lyman_Better get it right the first time How CARBs offset invalidation provisions promote additionality in the California carbon market

200X Sugiyama_Reconciling the Design of CDM with Inborn Paradox of Additionality

200X Trexler U.S. Market Additionality Update

1998 Chomitz_Baselines for GHG Reductions Problems Precedents Solutions

1999 Meyers_Additionality of Emissions Reductions From CDM Projects

1999 Trexler and Associates_Benchmarking the Additionality of Land Use Change and Forestry Mitigation Projects

2000 Trexler and Associates_The Impact of Alternative Additionality Screens on the Magnitude of CER Generation Under the CDM

2001 Bode_Avoiding perverse effects of baseline and investment additionality determination in renewable energy projects

2002 Liepa_Greenhouse Gas Offsets: An Introduction to Core Elements

2003 Broekhoff_How Additionality Could Drive the Market

2003 Dutschke_Development Aid and the CDM - How to interpret Financial Additionality

2003 Greiner_Defining Investment Additionality for CDM Project Practical Approaches

2003 Trexler and Associates_An Introduction to the Additionality and Financial Additionality Debates

2003 Trexler_Additionality Finding the Problem and a Solution PPT

2003 Trexler_Market Perspectives on the CDM Are we on the Right Track

2005 Fischer_Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions Balancing trade-offs with baselines

2005 IETA_IETA Position Paper on Additionality

2005 Kartha_Market penetration metrics tools for additionality assessment $$

2006 Trexler RECs and Offsets in Carbon Markets PPT

2006 Trexler_Assessing the Feasibility of the Sector List Approach to Additionality Policy

2006 Trexler_Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading, Environment Integrity and Project-Based Additionality - A Three-Legged Stool

2007 EcoSec_How to ensure we sell real reductions PPT

2008 Beane_Forest Carbon Offsets: A Scorecard for Evaluating Project Quality

2008 Bloomgarden_Another Look at Additionality

2008 Broekhoff_Alternative Approaches to Additionality

2008 Diamant_Overview of Different Approaches for Demonstrating Additionality

2008 Gillenwater_Redefining RECs Part 1 Untangling attributes and offsets

2008 Gillenwater_Redefining RECs Part 2 Untangling certificates and emission markets

2008 Hession_Additionality in the CDM PPT

2008 LeFranc_Applying a Performance Standard Approach to Determine Additionality

2008 Telnes_Additionality Foundations Practicality

2008 Trexler_Additionality Scoring System_AWMA PPT

2008 Trexler_What is an Offset

2009 COI_Maintaining Carbon Market Integrity: Why RECs are not Offsets

2009 Trexler Additionality the Key Challenge PPT

2009 Trexler_Additionality The Key Challenge in Designing Project Based Mitigation Programs

2009 Yong_Technical Paper - Investment Additionality in the CDM

2010 Alexeew_An analysis of the relationship between the additionality of CDM projects and their contribution to sustainable development $$

2010 Raymond_Beyond additionality

2010 Trexler_Additionality in Flowchart Form

2010 Trexler_The What Why and How of Offsets_Purdue

2010 Trexler_Understanding and Assessing Additionality

2011 Gillenwater What is Additionality A Longstanding Problem

2011 Gillenwater What is Additionality Part 2 - A framework for a more precise definition

2011 Gillenwater_What is Additionality? Part 3 - Implications for stacking and unbundling

2011 Mason_additionality problem with offsets

2011 McFarland_Carbon Reduction Projects and the Concept of Additionality

2011 Okubo_NAMA Crediting How to assess offsets from and additional of policy-based mitigation actions

2011 Ruthner_Study of the Environmental Integrity of the CDM

2011 Schiermeier_Clean energy credits tarnished

2011 Stadelmann_New and additional to what - Assessing options for baselines to assess climate finance pledges

2012 Gillenwater_What is wrong with real carbon offsets $$

2012 Pacific Carbon Trust_ Project Baseline and Additionality Discussion Document v. 2.0

2012 Schneider_Standardized Baselines in the CDM - Are We on the Right Track?

2012 van Kooten_Rent Seeking and Smoke and Mirrors Game in the Creation of Carbon Credits: An Example from British Columbia

2013 Gillenwater_Additionality of wind energy investments in the US voluntary green power market $$

2013 Horowitz_Economics of additionality for environmental services from agriculture

2013 Lansing_Not all baselines are created equal - stakeholder perspectives of additionality

2013 Mason_The additionality problem with offsets: Optimal contracts for carbon sequestration in forests

2013 Trexler_Diagramming Additionality Issues

2013 van Bethem_Scale and transfers in international emissions offset programs

2013 Wagner_Dealing with fixed emissions ceilings in an uncertain future: Offsetting under environmental integrity

2014 Barnes_Additionality, common practice and incentive schemes for the uptake of innovations

2014 Claassen_Additionality in U.S. Agricultural Conservation and Regulatory Offset Programs

2014 HCA_Additionality Guide Fourth Edition

2015 Kollmuss_Has Joint Implementation Reduced GHG Emissions Lessons Learned

2015 Trexler_The Carbon Offset 8-Fold Path (draft)

2015 Warnecke_Impact of the Clean Development Mechanism Quantifying the current and pre-2020 climate change mitigation impact of the CDM

2016 Barata_Carbon Credits and Additionality

2016 Cames_How additional is the Clean Development Mechanism

2016 Carmichael_The financial additionality and viability of CDM projects allowing for uncertainty $$

2016 CRS_Additionality and Renewable Energy Certificates

2016 Kuriyama_Quantitative Assessment of Certified Emission Reductions from Non-Additional CDM Projects

2016 Murray_Incentivizing the Reduction of Pollution at Dairies How to Address Additionality When Multiple Credit Payments are Combined

2016 Powers_The Role of RECs and Additionality

2016 Thamo_Challenges in developing effective policy for soil carbon sequestration perspectives on additionality leakage and permanence $$

2017 Anderson_Forest offsets partner climate change mitigation with conservation $$

2017 Chiroleu-Assouline_Designing REDD+ contracts to resolve additionality issues

2017 Liu_Baseline manipulation in voluntary carbon offset programs

2017 Marland_Understanding and Analysis: The California Air Resources Board Forest Offset Protocol

2017 Ruseva_Additionality and permanence standards in Californias Forest Offset Protocol

2018 Bottazzi_Payment for environmental Self Service Exploring the links between farmers motivation and additionality $$

2018 Campbell_Barriers to achieving additionality in carbon offsets a regulatory risk perspective $$

2018 Schneider_Environmental integrity of international carbon market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement

2019 Michaelowa_Additionality revisited Guarding the integrity of market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement

2020 Hermville_Reconciling Pretensions and reality The Situation-Ambition Approach for Dynamic Baselines

2021 Ahonen_Safeguarding integrity of market-based cooperation under Article 6 - additionality determination and baseline setting

2021 Michaelowa_Setting crediting baselines under article 6 of the Paris Agreement

2022 Gold Standard_Additionality Under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement

2004 Asuka_Additionality reconsidered lax criteria may not benefit developing countries $$

2004 Trexler_Developing Project-Level Emissions Reductions Policy at the State Level

2004 UNIDO_Methodology for baseline and additionality analysis for multiple project categories

2000 - 2007 Non-Book Sources

2006 Trexler_A Statistically Driven Approach to Offset-Based GHG Additionality Determinations - What Can We Learn?

Individual Books, Reports, Journal Articles

Evaluating Offset Additionality

2006 Trexler_A Statistically Driven Approach to Offset-Based GHG Additionality Determinations - What Can We Learn

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