E - Legal Implications of SLR
1. Propery owners of all types need to understand SLR
2. Takings in the era of SLR
3. Insurance law will change with the tides
4. Will Redlining become legal in SLR areas?
5. SLR regulations may hinder development
6. Protecting oceans from the pollution of SLR
7. Land use planning for the new reality
8. Funding SLR adaptation with local taxes
9. What happens are properties become worthless?
10. Architectural restrictions that impede adaptation
11. What responsibilities do owners of submerged properties have?
12. Significant psychological and health issues will result
13. Will there be specialized SLR courts?
14. Mediation will grow in importance
15. Law schools will need to cover SLR law
16. Adapting taxation policies to SLR
17. "Impossibility of performance" may not help landowners
18. What happens with malpractice insurance?
20. Who will count as expert witnesses?
21. Will flood insurance hasten municipal bankruptcies?
22. Returning land to nature may be in the future
24. We need proper disclosures for property sales
Neighbor disputes over SLR erosion
E - Litigation and Liability Extracts
I:EnvironmentalLitigation
I:Litigation/LiabilityasBusinessRisk
I:RealEstateValuesUnderSLR
I:StormSurgeandSeaLevelRise
S - Children's Trust Litigation
S - Coastal SLR Adaptation/Resilience
S - Decision-Making Under SLR Uncertainty
S - Ecocide in International Law
S - International Climate Law
S - Nuisance, Negligence, and Strict Liability
S - Risk Assessment for SLR
S - Risk Management for SLR
S - SLR Sea Level Rise Sources - Topical
S - State and Local Climate Law
N - Business Litigation and Liability Risk
N - Business Use of Litigation and Liability
N - Evaluating Climate Litigation Strategies
N - International Law and Litigation
N - Legal Strategies for the Climate
N - Real Estate Values and Sea Level Rise
N - SLR Sea Level Rise News - Topical
T - Climate Litigation Portals
T - Climate Litigation Websites
T - Legal Topics - Websites
T - Litigation and Liability Networks
T - Sea Level Rise Networks
T - SLR Sea Level Rise Visualizations
V - Litigation and Liability
E - Adapting to Sea Level Rise
E - Business Risk Disclosure Topics
E - Challenges of Climate Decisionmaking
E - CO2 Significance Under CEQA NEPA SEPA
E - Decision-Making for SLR
E - Law and Policy by Geography
E - Real Estate Values and SLR
E - Use of Law Against Climate Change Mitigation
Climate Case Chart - U.S.
T - SLR Websites, Blogs, FB Home Pages
2015 Hague District Court orders Dutch Government to reduce Dutch emissions by at least 25% by 2020, a stricter requirement than in the Paris Agreement
2015 Peruvian farmer brings suit against Germany utility RWE for damages, asking compensation based on RWE’s % of global emissions from 1751 to 2010. German Appeals court held the suit admissable.
2016 Conservation Law Foundation sues Exxon based on vulnterability of an Exxon oil tank farm to storm surge and other hazards
2016 Exxon investor files securities fraud class action against Exxon based on failure to disclose recognized risks of climate change.
2017 In Sinnok v. Alaska a group of children sued the state and the Governor for pro-oil policies that exacerbate the impacts of climate change where they live
2019/12 Dutch Supreme Court rejects appeal of Government against District and Appeals Court decisions, letting a reduction requirement of 25% by 2020 stand.
2019/12 New York Court rules for Exxon in securities fraud case
2019 NGOs brought suit against French oil company Total, charging a failure to adequately report and mitigate climate risks
2020/3 Billionaire hedge fund manager threatens to sue banks for lending money to coal-mining companies
2020 Federal Appeals Court finds that Juliana v United States defendants (21 young people) lack standing for their lawsuit
2020 Federal Court of Australia declared than Minister of Environment, in approving a mining project, has a duty to take reasonable care to avoid injury or death to persons under 18.
2020 Irish Supreme Court rules that Irish National Mitigation Plan does not comply with the Irish Climate Act because too vague in specifying low carbon transition to 2050
2021/4 German Constitutional Court holds that German Federal Climate Change Act iincompatible with fundamental rights due to vagueness.
2021/4 Paris Administrative Court holds that French Government has failed to comply with commitments under the Paris Agreement. Ordered payment of 1 Euro for moral damages, and ordered action by 12/2022.
2021/5 District Court of the Hauge rules that Shell must cut emissions by 45% by 2030, in first court ruling that companies need to align policies with the Paris Agreement
The last 8,000 years of sea level stability correspond to civilization and infrastruture
Can do the same with this image
0000 -10000 (2016) Long term sea level rise implications of current emissions scenarios
0-2000 (2014) Sea level change over the last 2000 years
3oC - Asian cities that will be worst affected by sea level rise
200X A closer look at that 10-32 inches
1800-2100 (2017) Revised global SLR scenarios
1800-2100 projected global sea levels - not modelled
1850-2010 (2013) The growing rate of sea level rise
1870-2010 (2009) Sea level rise since 1880
1880-1990 (1996) Historic role of greenhouse gases in SLR
1880-2020 (2017) Australian sea levels rising faster since 1993
1880-2100 (2014) Global SLR to 2100 based on IPCC scenarios
1900-2100 (2012) Global SLR scenarios
1900-2100 (2012) The rate of SLR is also projected to rise
1900-2100 (2016) Scenarios developed for the Third NCA
1950-2100 (2009) Projections of SLR based on AR4 temperature projections
1970-2010 (2009) SLR happening faster than expected
1980-2010 (2013) Projected vs. actual sea level rise
1980-2100 (2012) Understanding the difference of 2oC vs. 4oC for SLR projections
1990-2005 Observed SLR vs. model projections
1990-2200 (1996) GHG forcing in w/m2 underlying SLR estimates
1990-2300 (1995 ) Cumulative contribution of climate change to SLR
1990-2300 (1996) Global temperature change associated with SLR estimates
1990-2300 (2009) Recent SLR projections
2000-2100 (1983) Estimated contribution of variables to total SLR over time
2009 Long-term relationship of temperatures and sea levels
2011 Top 20 cities for exposed population
2011 Top 20 cities for exposure assets
2011 Top 20 cities for highest proportional increase in asset exposure
2013 NOAA_What will adaptation cost
2013 Temperature changes over the last 65 million years
2013 There is a strong correlation between CO2 and sea level
2015 Historical and projected SLR
2017 It's all about probabilities
2019 CoastalDEM versus SRTM by country
2019 Global populations on land at risk
2019 Global simulated error assessment results
2019 Individual ice sheet contributions to SLR for 2100 temperature scenarios
2019 Key West sea level rise risk by 2050
2019 Median and likely range estimates of the ice sheet SLR contributions for different temperature scenarios and different studies
2019 Number of people at risk by country from a sea level rise of 1.8 meters
2019 PDFs for both temperature trajectory scenarios for combined ice sheet contributions
2019 Pearl River Delta, China and Bangladesh predictions
2019 Permanent inundation surfaces predicted by CoastalDEM and SRTM given the median sea-level projection
2019 Projected sea-level rise contributions from each ice sheet and combined
2019 Southern Florida legacy model of sea level rise risk by 2050 vs. adjusted CoastalDem map
2019 Southern Vietnam: old vs. new projection for 2050
2019 Total global-mean sea-level rise projections
2020 Estimated losses due to sea level rise
2020 Historical experience CO2 vs. temp. and SLR
2020 Impact of sea level rise
2021 Cases by category of law 2017 - Jan 2021
2021 Cases by sector 2017 - Jan 2021
2021 Cases with outcomes favorable to climate action are in the majority
2021 Climate laws and policies around the world as of May 2021
2021 Committed sea level rise as a function of long-term global temperature increase
2021 Federal agencies that were defendants in cases 2017 - Jan 2021
2021 Grounds of review in cases against governments 2015-2021
2021 Not all cases are aligned with climate goals
2021 Number of cases involving US federal environmental statutes
2021 Number of lawsuits around world by jurisdiction
2021 Outcomes in human rights cases
2021 Plaintiffs and petitioners in “con” cases 2027 - Jan 2021
2021 Plaintiffs and petitioners in “pro” cases 2017 - Jan 2021
2021 Projected sea level rise for 10 most populous coastal cities in the US with SLR of 50cm and 100cm
2021 Proportion of cases with outcomes that are favorable, unfavorable, and neutral (cases outside US)
2021 Proportion of strategic cases over time
2021 Total climate litigation cases over time, U.S. and non-U.S.
2021 Total number recorded climate litigation cases 1986 - 2020 (US vs all other countries)
2021 Who were the defendants in cases 2017 - Jan 2021
2022 Alternative sea level rise estimates
2022 Change in sea level compared to 1993-2008 average by year
2022 Contributors to global sea sea level rise (1993-2018)
2022 Global mean sea level change relative to 1900
2022 Possible pathways for future sea level rise
2022 Projections of sea level rise for five emissions scenarios
2022 Rate of minor high-tide flooding and sea level rise
2022 Sea level change between 1993 and 2020
2050-2100 (2013) Estimates of SLR in Maryland
2050-2100 (2019) Total global mean sea-level rise projections
2050-2300 (2017) Probabilistic projections of GMSL by RCP over time
2100 (2012) Estimates of projected sea level rise have varied widely
2100 (2013) Projections of potential sea level rise
2100-2300 (2015) Expert opinion on SLR by 2100 and 2300
2100-2300 (2017) Vulnerable populations based on SLR scenarios
2100-2300 (2019) Probability distributions H and L temperature, 2011 and 2300
12000 (2016) Distribution of sea level rise in 10,000 years based on lower emissions scenario
12000 (2016) Impact on countries and cities of 10,000 year SLR projection
Climate Lawsuits Vary Widely
Components of Extreme Still and Total Water Level
Could it more than proportional
Could the legal system's approach change?
EBITDA under alternative SLR scenarios
Estimated historical SLR per century
Five global scenarios used in the report
Global temperatures have varied considerably in the past, partially due to major tectonic shifts
Historical and Projected Sea Level
In a couple of decades this will be the "normal" for New Orleans
New Orleans could be an island by 2100
Record of Sea Level Change Over Last 900,000 Years
Sea levels have risen very fast in the past - 65 ft in four centuries some 14,000 years ago
SLR can magnify storm surge magnitude
Summary of Min-Max values based on regional adjustments
The primary causes of global SLR
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Headings - Extracted Materials
E - Legal Implications of SLR
Extracted Graphics | Extracted Ideas