S - Offset Evaluations/Critiques
S - Additionality of Offsets
2012 Sandel_What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets
200X Lohmann_Performative Equations and Neoliberal Commodification -- The Case of Climate
1994 Goodin_Selling Environmental Indulgences
2000 Chomitz_Evaluating Carbon Offsets from Forestry and Energy Projects
2000 Lohmann_Shopping for Carbon A New Plantation Economy
2004 Bachram_Climate fraud and carbon colonialism The new trade in GHGs $$
2004 Becken_How Tourists and Tourism Experts Perceive Climate Change and Carbon Offsetting Schemes
2006 Kosloff_Fictional Credits or Progressive Action Seattles Utility GHG Offsets Program Goes to Court
2007 Smith_The Carbon Neutral Myth: Offsets Indulgences for your Climate Sins
2007 Victor_Making Carbon Markets Work
2008 Broekhoff_Outside the Cap: Opportunities and Limitations of GHG Offsets
2008 Carbon Offset Watch_2008 Assessment Report
2008 Corner House_Governance as Corruption Carbon Trading and Financial Derivatives PPT
2008 Hunt_The hidden social costs of forestry offsets
2008 International Rivers_Bad Deal for the Planet - Why Carbon Offsets Aren't Working
2008 Ramseur_The role of offsets in a GHG emissions cap and trade program
2008 Roland-Holst_Carbon emission Offsets and Criteria Pollutants A California Assessment
2008 Stuart_Why Bother with CDM and Project Mechanisms
2009 Boehm_Upsetting the Offset The Political Economy of Carbon Markets
2009 Lohman_Regulation as Corruption in the Carbon Offset Markets
2009 SEI_Evaluating and Improving Carbon Offsetting Programs - Policy Brief
2009 Wittmann_Carbon Offsets and Inequality in Guatemala and Sri Lanka
2010 Borenstein_Markets for Anthropogenic Carbon Within the Larger Carbon Cycle
2010 Bumpus_The Matter of Carbon: Understanding Materiality of tCO2e in Carbon Offsets
2010 Bushnell_The Economics of Carbon Offsets
2010 Hari_The Wrong Kind of Green
2010 He_Making Carbon Offsets Work in the Developing World Lessons from the Chinese Wind Controversy
2010 Lewis_Carbon Emissions Hard to Credit ETS Offset Use Again in the Spotlight
2010 Lovell_Governing the Carbon Offset Market
2010 Schapiro_Conning the Climate
2010 Sovacool_Building Umbrellas or Arks - Three Alternatives to Carbon Credits and Offsets
2011 Boehm_Fault lines in climate policy: What role for carbon markets
2011 Bushnell_Adverse Selection and Emissions Offsets
2011 Carlson_The biggest green scam in America
2011 Dhanda_The Ethics of Carbon Neutrality: A Critical Examination of Voluntary Carbon Offset Providers
2011 Hultman_Carbon markets and low-carbon investment in emerging economies
2011 Jaccard_BC's Carbon Neutral Public Sector: Too Good to be True?
2011 Lohmann_Endless Algebra of Carbon Markets
2011 Munden Project_REDD-and Forest Carbon Market-Based Critique and Recommendations
2011 Poudyal_Quality of urban forest carbon credits
2011 Reinhardt_The Political Economy of Carbon Trading $$
2012 Anderson_Interview on Carbon Offsets
2012 Anderson_Offsetting under pressure
2012 Anderson_The Inconvenient Truth of Carbon Offsets Pre-Edit Version
2012 Boehm_Greening Capitalism - A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets
2012 Boehm_The Atmosphere Business
2012 CDMWatch Newsletter_scrutinizing carbon offsets
2012 Ephemera_The Atmosphere Business - Special Issue
2012 Latta_Evaluating the Response of Land Use and Forest Management in Western Oregon to a Carbon Offset Sales Policy PPT
2012 Lohmann_Critiquing carbon markets: A Conversation
2012 Millard-Ball_The trouble with voluntary emissions trading
2012 van Kooten_Rent Seeking and Smoke and Mirrors Game in the Creation of Carbon Credits: An Example from British Columbia
2013 CAR_Offsets and CEQA: Mitigating Impacts via Offsite Credits
2013 Carbon Market Watch_International Offsets in EU 2020 Climate Legislation
2013 Carbon Market Watch_Rethinking the role of international carbon markets in the EU’s 2030 climate framework
2013 Erickson_Implications of international GHG offsets on global climate change mitigation $$
2013 Hyams_The ethics of carbon offsetting
2013 Killian_The rhetoric of personal carbon offset accounting $$
2013 Lyman_Better Get it right the first time - CARBs offset invalidation provisions
2013 McNish_Carbon offsets are a bridge too far in the tradable property rights revolution
2013 Oliver_Do Carbon Offsets Work? The Role of Forest Manageemtn in GHG Mitigation
2013 Trexler_If Offsets for Keystone Are the Answer - What Was the Question - paper
2013 Turner_World offsetting markets can the patient be cured
2013 van Bethem_Scale and transfers in international emissions offset programs
2014 Brekke_Buying the right to do wrong: An experimental test of moral objections to trading emission permits
2014 Cavanagh_Virtual nature, violent accumulation: The ‘spectacular failure’ of carbon offsetting at a Ugandan National Park
2014 Pearse_Ten reasons why carbon markets will not bring about radical emissions reduction
2014 Schuster_Bird Community Conservation and Carbon Offsets in Western North America $$
2015 Boehm_EDF Energys Green CSR Claims Examined The follies of global carbon commodity chains
2015 Bryant_Fixing the climate crisis Capital States and Carbon Offsetting in India
2015 Haya_Carbon Offsets in California: Science in the Policy Development Process
2015 Kill_REDD A Collection of Conflicts, Contradictions and Lies
2015 Kollmuss_Has Joint Implementation Reduced GHG Emissions Lessons Learned
2015 Maron_Stop misuse of biodiversity offsets
2015 Schneider_Perverse effects of carbon markets on HFC23 and SF6 abatement projects in Russia
2015 Swartz_Carbon Offsets: Is it Time to Invest
2015 Wolters_Analysis of German Voluntary Offset Markets - in German
2015 Wolters_Revised Analysis of the German Offset Market for GHG Emissions
2016 Morello-Frosch_A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment of California’s Cap and Trade Program
2016 Olsson_The elephant in the room - A comparative study of uncertainties in carbon offsets $$
2016 Zelljadt_Offsetting in the aviation sector: Evaluating voluntary offset programs of major airlines
2017 Aguilar-Stoen_Better Safe than Sorry? Indigenous Peoples, Carbon Cowboys and the Governance of REDD in the Amazon $$
2017 Duggan_Ranking Carbon Offsets - A Primer for Organizational Buyers
2017 Green_Don't link carbon markets
2018 Apostolopoulou_Biodiversity Offsetting and the Production of Equivalent Natures A Marxist Critique
2018 Riksrevisjonen_The Office of the Auditor General of Norways Investigation of Norways International Climate and Forest Initiative
2018 Schneider_Crediting Forest-Related Mitigation Under International Carbon Market Mechanisms: A synthesis of environmental integrity risks
2019 Chagas_Should forest carbon credits be included in offsetting schemes such as CORSIA
2019 Haya_Managing uncertainty in carbon offsets: insights from California’s standardized approach
2020 Lee_The Future of Carbon Offset Markets
2020 Trexler_Should You Buy Carbon Offsets
2021 Badgley_Systematic over-crediting of forest offsets
2021 Beechener_Achieving net zero A review of the evidence behind potential carbon offsetting approaches
2021 Compensate_Reforming the Voluntary Carbon Market
2022 BeZero_Carbon Rating
2022 Ching_Evaluating the Use of Carbon Credits
2023 Sylvera_Permission to Pollute, or Pivotal for Progress?
2023 West_Action needed to make carbon offsets from forest conservation work for climate change mitigation
2023 West_Action needed to make carbon offsets from tropical forest conservation work for climate change mitigation
S - Carbon Offset Sources (General)
S - Evaluating Market Mechanisms
I:EvaluatingCarbonOffsets
I:BusinessOffsetStrategies
I:CarbonOffsetAlternatives
I:CarbonOffsetsasGreenwishing
I:CarbonOffsetsinCorporateBranding
I:CommonAdditionalityDetours
I:EnvironmentalAdditionality
I:EvaluatingOffsetAdditionality
I:MarketMechanisms (Deep Dive)
I:RegulatoryAdditionality
I:Type1vsType2ErrorinAdditionalityTesting
S - Business Use of Offsets
S - CDM Clean Development Mechanism
S - Compliance Offset Markets
S - Corporate Use of Offsets
S - Markets and Innovation
S - Offset Supplies and Costs
S - Offsets as Aviation Mitigation Strategy
S - Offsets As Business Risk
S - Undercutting Corporate Action
S - UNFCCC Article 6 Market Mechanisms
S - Voluntary Carbon Offset Markets
N - Carbon Offset Critiques
N - Carbon Offset Defenses
N - Carbon Offsets Round 2
N - Corporate Offset Commitments
N - Evaluating Carbon Offsets
N - Green Power Purchasing
N - Keystone pipeline and offsets
N - Pitching Carbon Offsets
N - The Business of Offsets
N - Voluntary RECs as Offsets
T - Carbon Offset Networks
T - Carbon Offset Providers
V - Carbon Trading and Offsets
E - Carbon Offset Knowledgebase
E - Additionality Under the Paris Agreement
E - Evaluating Carbon Offsets
E - Land Use Based Offsets
E - Offset Standard Effectiveness
E - Principles for Designing Offset Policy
E - Voluntary Offsets and Markets
201X CR_The Carbon Reserve Climate Policy
Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature
1993 van Horn_Integrated Analysis of Fuel, Technology and Emission Allowance Markets
1994 Trexler and Associates_Esquinas Carbon Offset Land Conservation Initiative (Ecoland)
1997 Ackerman_SO2 Emissions Trading: does it work
1999 USEPA_A summary of U.S. effluent trading programs and offset projects
2001 Brown_Carbon Sinks for Abating Climate Change: Can They Work?
2001 Stavins_Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments
2002 An Evaluation of RECLAIM
2002 USEPA_An Evaluation of South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Regional Clean Air Incentives Market - Lessons in Environmental Markets and Innovation
2003 Harrison_Assessing the financial consequences to firms and households of a downstream cap and trade program
2003 Sedjo_Inter-trading permanent emissions credits and rented temporary carbon emissions offsets: some issues and alternatives
2004 Egelston_California RECLAIM s market failure lessons for the Kyoto Protocol $$
2006 Litvak_Overview of Carbon Markets
2007 Coulter_Carbon Reductions and Offsets Making Activities Effectively Carbon Neutral
2008 Bumpus_Accumulation by decarbonization and the governance of carbon offsets $$
2008 Coulter_The Global Carbon Project - Carbon Reductions and Offsets
2008 Diamant_GHG Emissions Offsets Definition Benefits and Interaction with Cap and Trade
2008 GAO_International climate programs - lessons learned from EU ETS
2008 NCEP_GHG Market Oversight
2008 SEI_Carbon Offsetting and Air Travel part 1
2009 Braun_The evolution of emissions trading in the European Union - The role of policy networks, knowledge and policy entrepreneurs $$
2009 Carbon Trust_Global Carbon Mechanisms Emerging lessons and implications
2009 Carbonless Promise_Carbon Offsets The currency of the Future
2009 Grubb_Reinforcing Carbon Markets Under Uncertainty: The Role of Reserve Price Auctions and Other Options
2009 Irving_EPA Offsets Experience and Analysis
2009 Kotchen_Voluntary Provision of Public Goods for Bads: A Theory of Environmental Offsets
2009 Reinhardt_South Pole Carbon Asset Management Going for Gold $$
2009 Trexler_The What Why and How of a Key Market Mechanism
2009 Trexler_What's a Carbon Offset?
2009 Tuerck_The Economic Analysis of the Western Climate Initiatives Regional Cap and Trade Program
2010 EPRI Sectors Overview PPT
2010 EPRI_Carbon Market Fundamentals PPT
2010 EPRI_Proposals for Sectoral Crediting PPT
2010 EPRI_The Potential of Energy Sector Offsets PPT
2010 Ermolieva_Carbon emissions trading and carbon taxes under uncertainty
2010 Fankhauser_Designing carbon markets
2010 Lovell_Understanding carbon offset technologies $$
2010 Sovacool_policy challenges of tradeable credits - review of eight markets
2010 Trexler The What Why and What of Offsets
2010 Trexler_The Upset About International Offsets: We’ve Been Looking for a Free Lunch
2010 Trexler_The What Why and How of Offsets_Purdue
2010 World Bank Carbon Finance_State and Trends of the Carbon Market_low_res
2011 Brainerd_Recommendations for Purchasing Carbon Offsets
2011 Bushnell_Profiting from Regulation An Event Study of the European Carbon Market
2011 CTW EU-ETS_Failing at the Third Attempt
2011 EPRI_”Blue Sky” Approaches to Reduce GHG Emissions
2011 Henry_The social cost of trading: Measuring increased damages from sulfur dioxide trading in United States $$
2011 Lohmann_Capital and Climate Change - book review
2011 Martin_Climate change investment and carbon markets and prices
2011 Nordic Perspective of carbon markets
2011 Parkhurst_Offsets - Challenges and Opportunities PPT
2011 Taylor Carbon Derivatives and Environmental Products
2012 Chan_The SO2 Allowance Trading System - Reflections on 20 Years of Policy Innovation
2012 CTW_Green is the Color of Money The EU ETS failure as a model for the green economy
2012 Daniel_Limitations of single-basket trading: lessons from the Montreal Protocol for climate policy
2012 Dargush_A critical role for carbon offsets
2012 EDF_The Role of Offsets in California’s Cap and Trade Regulation - FAQs
2012 Hibbard_Economic impacts of RGGI - following the dollars PPT
2012 Holtsmark_International emissions trading good or bad
2012 Kopsch_Aviation and EU Emissions Trading Scheme: Lessons learned
2012 Petherick_Sweetening the dragon’s breath
2012 UNEP_The Montreal Protocol and the Green Economy
2012 Ziegler_Stated versus revealed knowledge: Determinants of offsetting CO 2 emissions from fuel consumption in vehicle use
2013 Ehrenstein_The Conditional Sink Counterfactual Display in the Valuation of a Carbon Offsetting Reforestation Project
2013 Mazurek_Investigation of the Effects of Emission Market Design on the Market-Based Compliance Mechanisms of the California Cap on GHGs
2013 Schmalensee_The SO 2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment $$
2013 UVA_Investigation of the Effects of Emission Market Design on the Market-Based Compliance Mechanism of the California Cap
2013 Van Horn_The PEAR UVA Study: Testing AB 32s Market Design
2014 Carbon Mechanisms Review Net Means More
2014 ICROA_Unlocking the hidden value of carbon offsetting
2014 Kampmann_Do markets mitigate misperceptions of feedback
2014 Kuriyama_Need for an assessment of the Kyoto Mechanisms
2014 Paggi_An Analysis of the Economic Impact of Cap and Trade Policy on the California Food Processing Industry
2014 Ramseur_The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Lessons Learned for Policy Makers
2014 Van Horn_AB32 Auctions Effects of Market Rules PPT
2015 Calvin_Global climate energy and economic implications of international energy offsets programs $$
2015 Hast_Review of green electricity products in the United Kingdom, Germany and Finland
2015 Kollmus_Overview of Carbon Offset Programs Similarities and Differences
2015 PMR_Overview of Carbon Offset Programs Similarities and Differences
2015 Schmalensee_Lessons Learned from Three Decades of Experience with Cap-and-Trade
2016 Cushing_A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment of Californias Cap and Trade Program
2016 Fletcher_Questioning REDD+ and the future of marketâbased conservation $$
2016 Haya_Carbon Offsets in California: Science in the Policy Development Process
2016 Sun_Review - Carbon Trading in China Environmental Discourse and Politics
2017 Banet_Effectiveness in climate regulation Simultaneous application of a carbon tax and an emissions trading scheme
2017 Bang_Californias Cap and Trade Systems Diffusion and Lessons $$
2017 Dulaney_Carbon Offsets and Health Co-Benefits
2017 Hancevic_A dynamic approach to environmental compliance decisiosn in US electricity market The acid rain program revisited $$
2017 Penrith_How do Offsets Work PPT
2018 Barreto_A study of carbon offsets and RECs to meet Bostons mandate for carbon neutrality by 2050
2018 Ervine_How Low Can It Go Analysing the Political Economy of Carbon Market Design and Low Carbon Prices $$
2019 Warnecke_Robust eligibility criteria essential for new global scheme to offset aviation emissions
2020 Bjornberg_What if anything is wrong with offsetting nature
2020 Carbon Market Watch_Above and Beyond Carbon Offsetting - Alternatives to Compensation for Climate Action and Sustainable Development
2020 Denton_An examination of the gap between carbon offsetting attitudes and behaviors: Role of knowledge, credibility and trust
2020 World Bank_Developing Emissions Quantification Protocols for Carbon Pricing: A Guide to Options and Choices for Policy Makers
2021 Climatographers_Carbon Offset Scoring White Paper
2021 National Treasury_Carbon Offset Regulation Amendments
2021 Wood_Towards net zero: Practical policies to offset carbon emissions
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Headings - Topical Sources
S - Offset Evaluations/Critiques
Reports | Journal Papers | PPTs