I:EvaluatingOffsetAdditionality

I:KeyOffsetPrinciples

I:OffsetAdditionality

I:OffsetIntegrity

I:OffsetStandards

S - Additionality of Offsets

N - Carbon Offset Critiques

N - Evaluating Carbon Offsets

Evaluating Offset Additionality

E - Offset Additionality

2000 Trexler and Associates_The Impact of Alternative Additionality Screens on the Magnitude of CER Generation Under the CDM

2003 Broekhoff_How Additionality Could Drive the Market

2003 Trexler and Associates_An Introduction to the Additionality and Financial Additionality Debates

2006 Trexler_A Statistically Driven Approach to Offset-Based GHG Additionality Determinations - What Can We Learn?

2009 COI_Maintaining Carbon Market Integrity: Why RECs are not Offsets

2011 McFarland_Carbon Reduction Projects and the Concept of Additionality

2012 Gillenwater_What is wrong with real carbon offsets $$

2013 Gillenwater_Additionality of wind energy investments in the US voluntary green power market $$

2015 Kollmuss_Has Joint Implementation Reduced GHG Emissions Lessons Learned

2016 Cames_How additional is the Clean Development Mechanism

2016 Kuriyama_Quantitative Assessment of Certified Emission Reductions from Non-Additional CDM Projects

2003 MACC with additionality screening for 2020

2008 Gresham's Law rephrased

2008 Scoring additionality on a 0-1000 scale - riparian reforestation

2008 The challenge of widely varying sectoral additionality

2011 The definition of additionality is often circular

2012 Illustration of baseline movement due to regulatory changes

2015 Additionality "investment analysis" rarely transparent

2015 Additionality claims worst for large projects

2015 Based on a random sample many additionality claims not plausible

2015 Big surpluses were built into the Kyoto Protocol's targets

2015 Environmental integrity appears to vary by the evaluating entity

2015 Environmental integrity can vary dramatically across sectors and countries

2015 Environmental integrity of the six largest project types

2015 JI project additionality claims got worse over time

2015 Track 2 JI much better, but very small fraction of credits

2016 How additional is the CDM?

2016 Overall evaluation of CDM project types

2017 Offset supply and likelihood of additionality with CDM projects

2019 There are many potential baselines when thinking about national actions and targets