John D. Rockefeller Jr.

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<th class="fn" colspan="2" >John Davison Rockefeller, Jr.</th>

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John D. Rockefeller Jr.</td>

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<td class="">January 29, 1874(1874-01-29)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" title="Cleveland, Ohio" class="mw-redirect"><small>Cleveland, Ohio</small></a><small>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></small></td>

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<td class="">May 11, 1960 (aged 86)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona"><small>Tucson, Arizona</small></a><small>, USA</small></td>

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<th >Occupation</th>

<td class="role"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" title="Business">Business</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropist" title="Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect">Philanthropist</a></td>

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<th >Spouse(s)</th>

<td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Aldrich_Rockefeller" title="Abby Aldrich Rockefeller">Abby Greene Aldrich</a></td>

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<th >Children</th>

<td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Rockefeller_Mauz%C3%A9" title="Abby Rockefeller Mauzé">Abby Rockefeller Mauzé</a> (daughter)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_3rd" title="John D. Rockefeller 3rd" class="mw-redirect">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1st son)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> (2nd son)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurance_Rockefeller" title="Laurance Rockefeller">Laurance Rockefeller</a> (3rd son)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a> (4th son)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a> (5th son)</td>

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<th >Parents</th>

<td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller, Sr.</a> (father)

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Celestia_Spelman" title="Laura Celestia Spelman" class="mw-redirect">Laura Celestia Spelman</a> (mother)</td>

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<b>John Davison Rockefeller, Jr.</b> (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was a major <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropist" title="Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect">philanthropist</a> and a pivotal member of the prominent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a>. He was the sole son among the five children of the billionaire <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> industrialist, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> and the father of the five famous Rockefeller brothers. In biographies, he was invariably referred to as "Junior" to distinguish him from his more celebrated father, known as "Senior".

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<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" id="togglelink" class="internal">hide</a>]</div>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Business_career">2 Business career</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Philanthropy_and_social_causes">3 Philanthropy and social causes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Overseas_philanthropy">4 Overseas philanthropy</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Conservation">5 Conservation</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Wives.2C_children_and_legacy">6 Wives, children and legacy</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Residences">7 Residences</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#Notes">10 Notes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#External_links">11 External links</a></li>

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<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>] Early life</h2>

<p>Rockefeller, Jr. was the fifth and last child of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> (1839–1937) and his wife, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Celestia_Spelman" title="Laura Celestia Spelman" class="mw-redirect">Laura Celestia Spelman</a> (1839–1915). Living in his father's mansion at 4 West <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Street%28Manhattan%29" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th Street</a> he attended Park Avenue Baptist Church at 64th Street (now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Presbyterian_Church" title="Central Presbyterian Church">Central Presbyterian Church</a>), attended the Cutler School and then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_School" title="Browning School">The Browning School</a> from 1889 to 1893, a tutorial establishment set up for him and other children of associates of the family; it was located in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstone</a> owned by the Rockefellers, on West <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55th_Street_%28Manhattan%29" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th Street</a>.

Initially he had intended to go to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale" title="Yale" class="mw-redirect">Yale</a> but was encouraged by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rainey_Harper" title="William Rainey Harper">William Rainey Harper</a>, president of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, among others, to enter the Baptist oriented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> instead. Nicknamed <i>Johnny Rock</i> by his roommates, he joined both the Glee and the Mandolin Clubs, taught a Bible class and was elected junior class president. Scrupulously careful with money, he stood out as different from other rich men's sons.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-0"><small><sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference">[1]</sup></small></a>

In 1897 he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, after taking nearly a dozen courses in the social sciences, including a study of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital"><i>Das Kapital</i></a>. He joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Phi" title="Alpha Delta Phi">Alpha Delta Phi</a> fraternity, and was elected to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa" class="mw-redirect">Phi Beta Kappa</a>.</p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Business career">edit</a>] Business career</h2>

<p>After graduation, Rockefeller, Jr. joined his father's business (October 1, 1897) and set up operations in the newly-formed family office at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a>'s headquarters at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_Broadway" title="26 Broadway">26 Broadway</a>. He became a Standard Oil director; he later also became a director in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P.Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a> company, which had been formed in 1901. After a scandal involving the then head of Standard Oil, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dustin_Archbold" title="John Dustin Archbold">John Dustin Archbold</a> (the successor to Senior), and bribes he had made to two prominent Congressmen, unearthed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst" title="Hearst">Hearst</a> media empire, Junior resigned from both companies in 1910 in an attempt to "purify" his ongoing philanthropy from commercial and financial interests.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-1"><small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[2]</sup></small></a></p>

Rockefeller and his father <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> in 1915.</div>

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<p>In April, 1914, after a long period of industrial unrest the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre" title="Ludlow massacre">Ludlow massacre</a> occurred at the coal-mining company, Colorado Fuel and Iron (CFI). Senior owned a majority of stock in the company and Junior sat on the board, as an absentee director. Twenty men, women and children died in the incident and Junior was subsequently called to testify in January, 1915, before the US <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Industrial_Relations" title="Commission on Industrial Relations">Commission on Industrial Relations</a>. He was at the time being advised by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyon_MacKenzie_King" title="William Lyon MacKenzie King" class="mw-redirect">William Lyon MacKenzie King</a> and the pioneer public relations expert, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee" title="Ivy Lee">Ivy Lee</a>. Junior also at this time met with the union organizer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones" title="Mary Harris Jones">Mary Harris "Mother" Jones</a> and admitted fault in his testimony. MacKenzie King was later to say that this testimony was the turning point in Junior's life, restoring the reputation of the family name; it also heralded a new era of industrial relations in the country (see below).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-2"><small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[3]</sup></small></a>

During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> he developed and was the sole financier of a vast 14-building real estate complex in the geographical center of Manhattan, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>, and as a result became one of the largest real estate holders in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. He was influential in attracting leading blue chip corporations as tenants in the complex, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE" title="GE" class="mw-redirect">GE</a> and its then affiliates <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKO" title="RKO" class="mw-redirect">RKO</a>, as well as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_New_Jersey" title="Standard Oil of New Jersey" class="mw-redirect">Standard Oil of New Jersey</a> (Esso), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Inc" title="Time Inc" class="mw-redirect">Time Inc</a>, as well as branches of the then <i>Chase National Bank</i>, now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP_Morgan_Chase" title="JP Morgan Chase" class="mw-redirect">JP Morgan Chase</a>.

The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Office" title="Family Office" class="mw-redirect">family office</a>, of which he was in charge, called now formally <i>"Rockefeller Family and Associates"</i> (and informally, <i>Room 5600</i>), shifted from Standard Oil headquarters to the 56th floor of what is now the landmark <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Building" title="GE Building">GE Building</a>, upon its completion in 1933.

In 1921, he received about 10% of the shares of the <i>Equitable Trust Company</i> from his father, making him the bank's largest shareholder. Subsequently, in 1930, the Equitable merged with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" title="Chase Manhattan Bank" class="mw-redirect">Chase National Bank</a>, now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP_Morgan_Chase" title="JP Morgan Chase" class="mw-redirect">JP Morgan Chase</a>, and became at that time the largest bank in the world. Although his stockholding was reduced to about 4% following this merger, he was still the largest shareholder in what became known as the "Rockefeller bank". As late as the 1960s his family still retained about 1% of the bank's shares, by which time his son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David</a> had become the bank's president.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-3"><small><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[4]</sup></small></a></p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philanthropy and social causes">edit</a>] Philanthropy and social causes</h2>

John D. Rockefeller Jr. and his wife Abby, at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton National Park</a></div>

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<p>In a celebrated letter to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a> in June, 1932, subsequently printed on the front page of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Rockefeller, Jr., a lifelong teetotaler, argued against the continuation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighteenth Amendment</a> on the principal grounds of an increase in disrespect for the law. This letter became the singular event that pushed the nation to repeal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-4"><small><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[5]</sup></small></a>

However, Rockefeller, Jr. is most remembered for his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropy</a>, giving over $537 million to myriad causes over his lifetime.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-5"><small><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference">[6]</sup></small></a> He created the <i>Sealantic Fund</i> in 1938 to channel gifts to his favorite causes; previously his main philanthropic organization had been the <i>Davison Fund</i>. He had become the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>'s inaugural president in May, 1913 and proceeded to dramatically expand the scope of this institution, founded by his father. Later he would become involved in other organizations set up by Senior, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> and the <i>International Education Board</i>.

In the social sciences, he founded the <i>Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial</i> in 1918, which was subsequently folded into the Rockefeller Foundation in 1929.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-6"><small><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[7]</sup></small></a> A committed internationalist, he financially supported programs of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and crucially funded the formation and ongoing expenses of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> and its initial headquarters building, in New York in 1921.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-7"><small><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">[8]</sup></small></a>

In 1900, after he had earlier (1896) persuaded his father to support nascent cancer research, Rockefeller money built a medical laboratory on the campus of <i>Cornell Medical Center</i>. This subsequently became Memorial Hospital, which decades later became the world renowned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Sloan-Kettering_Cancer_Center" title="Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center" class="mw-redirect">Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</a>.

He established the <i>Bureau of Social Hygiene</i> in 1913, a major initiative that investigated such social issues as prostitution and venereal disease, as well as studies in police administration and support for birth control clinics and research. In 1924, at the instigation of his wife, he provided crucial funding for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a> in her pioneering work on birth control and involvement in population issues.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-8"><small><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">[9]</sup></small></a>

In the arts, he gave extensive property he owned on West Fifty-fourth Street for the site of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, which had been co-founded by his wife in 1929. He also founded the <i>Museum of Primitive Art</i>, now part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York City.

In November, 1926, Rockefeller came to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary" title="College of William and Mary" class="mw-redirect">College of William and Mary</a> for the dedication of an auditorium built in memory of the organizers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa" class="mw-redirect">Phi Beta Kappa</a>, the honorary scholastic fraternity founded in Williamsburg in 1776. Rockefeller was a member of the society and had helped pay for the auditorium. He had visited Williamsburg the previous March, when the Reverend Dr. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.A.R.Goodwin" title="W.A.R. Goodwin" class="mw-redirect">W.A.R. Goodwin</a> escorted him — along with his wife Abby, and their sons, David, Laurance, and Winthrop — on a quick tour of the city. The upshot of his visit was that he approved the plans already developed by Goodwin and launched the massive historical restoration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a> on November 22, 1927. Amongst many other buildings restored through his largesse was The College of William & Mary's Wren Building.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-9"><small><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">[10]</sup></small></a>

Through negotiations by his son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson</a>, in 1946 he bought for $8.5 million - from the major New York real estate developer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Zeckendorf" title="William Zeckendorf">William Zeckendorf</a> - and then donated the land along the East River in Manhattan upon which the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_headquarters" title="United Nations headquarters" class="mw-redirect">United Nations headquarters</a> was built. This was after he had vetoed the family estate at Pocantico as a prospective site for the headquarters (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykuit" title="Kykuit">Kykuit</a>).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-10"><small><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference">[11]</sup></small></a> Another UN connection was his early financial support for its predecessor, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>; this included a gift to endow a major library for the League in Geneva which today still remains a resource for the UN.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-11"><small><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference">[12]</sup></small></a>

A confirmed ecumenicist, over the years he gave substantial sums to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant" title="Protestant" class="mw-redirect">Protestant</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> institutions, ranging from the <i>Interchurch World Movement</i>, the <i>Federal Council of Churches</i>, the <i>Union Theological Seminary</i>, the <i>Cathedral of St. John the Divine</i>, New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Church" title="Riverside Church">Riverside Church</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>. He was also instrumental in the development of the research that led to Robert and Helen Lynd's famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middletown_studies" title="Middletown studies"><i>Middletown studies</i></a> work that was conducted in the city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana" title="Muncie, Indiana">Muncie, Indiana</a>, that arose out of the financially supported <i>Institute of Social and Religious Research</i>.

As a follow on to his involvement in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre" title="Ludlow Massacre" class="mw-redirect">Ludlow Massacre</a>, Rockefeller was a major initiator with his close friend and advisor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> in the nascent industrial relations movement; along with major chief executives of the time he incorporated <i>Industrial Relations Counselors</i> (IRC) in 1926, a consulting firm whose main goal was to establish industrial relations as a recognized academic discipline at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and other institutions. It succeeded through the support of prominent corporate chieftains of the time, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_D.Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Swope" title="Gerard Swope">Gerard Swope</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-12"><small><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference">[13]</sup></small></a></p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Overseas philanthropy">edit</a>] Overseas philanthropy</h2>

<p>In the 1920s he also donated a substantial amount towards the restoration and rehabilitation of major buildings in France after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheims_Cathedral" title="Rheims Cathedral" class="mw-redirect">Rheims Cathedral</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Fontainebleau" title="Château de Fontainebleau" class="mw-redirect">Château de Fontainebleau</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles" title="Château de Versailles" class="mw-redirect">Château de Versailles</a>, for which in 1936 he was awarded France's highest decoration, the Grand Croix of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> (subsequently also awarded decades later - in 2000 - to his son, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a>).

He also liberally funded the notable early excavations at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a> in Egypt, and the American School of Classical Studies for excavation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a> and the reconstruction of the Stoa of Attolos, both in Athens; the American Academy in Rome; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingnan_University" title="Lingnan University">Lingnan University</a> in China; St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo; the library of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_University" title="Imperial University">Imperial University</a> in Tokyo; and to the Shakespeare Memorial Endowment at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratford-on-Avon" title="Stratford-on-Avon" class="mw-redirect">Stratford-on-Avon</a>.

In addition, he provided the funding for the construction of the Palestine Archaeological Museum in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> - the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Museum" title="Rockefeller Museum">Rockefeller Museum</a> - which today houses such notable antiquities as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls" class="mw-redirect">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-13"><small><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference">[14]</sup></small></a></p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conservation">edit</a>] Conservation</h2>

<p>He had a special interest in conservation, and purchased and donated land for many American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Parks%28United_States%29" title="National Parks (United States)" class="mw-redirect">National Parks</a>, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton</a> (hiding his involvement and intentions behind the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_River_Land_Company" title="Snake River Land Company">Snake River Land Company</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park">Shenandoah</a>. In the case of Acadia National Park, he financed and engineered an extensive Carriage Road network throughout the park. Both the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.Memorial_Parkway" title="John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway">John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway</a> that connects <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton National Park</a> and the Rockefeller Memorial in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were named after him. He was also active in the movement to save <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia" title="Sequoia">redwood</a> trees, making a significant contribution to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save-the-Redwoods_League" title="Save-the-Redwoods League">Save-the-Redwoods League</a> in the 1920s to enable the purchase of what would become the Rockefeller Forest in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Humboldt Redwoods State Park">Humboldt Redwoods State Park</a>.

In 1951, he established <i>Sleepy Hollow Restorations</i>, which brought together under one administrative body the management and operation of two historic sites he had acquired: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipsburg_Manor" title="Philipsburg Manor">Philipsburg Manor</a> in North Tarrytown (acquired in 1940 and donated to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Tarrytown</a> Historical Society), and <i>Sunnyside</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>’s home, acquired in 1945. He bought Van Cortland Manor in Croton-on-Hudson in 1953 and in 1959 donated it to Sleepy Hollow Restorations. In all, he invested more than $12 million in the acquisition and restoration of the three properties that were the core of the organization’s holdings. In 1986, Sleepy Hollow Restorations became <i>Historic Hudson Valley</i>, which also operates the current guided tours of the Rockefeller family estate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykuit" title="Kykuit">Kykuit</a> in Pocantico Hills.

He is the author of the noted life principle, among others, inscribed on a tablet facing his famed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>: <i>"I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty"</i>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-14"><small><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference">[15]</sup></small></a>

In 1935, Rockefeller received <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hundred_Year_Association_of_New_York" title="The Hundred Year Association of New York">The Hundred Year Association of New York</a>'s Gold Medal Award, "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York."</p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wives, children and legacy">edit</a>] Wives, children and legacy</h2>

<p>In August 1900, Rockefeller was invited by the powerful Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_W._Aldrich" title="Nelson W. Aldrich">Nelson W. Aldrich</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> to join a party aboard President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>'s yacht, the <i>Dolphin</i>, on a cruise to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. Although the outing was of a political nature, Rockefeller's future wife <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Greene_Aldrich" title="Abby Greene Aldrich" class="mw-redirect">Abby Greene Aldrich</a> was included in the large party; the two had been courting for over four years.

Junior married <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Greene_Aldrich" title="Abby Greene Aldrich" class="mw-redirect">Abby Greene Aldrich</a> on October 9, 1901, in what was seen at the time as the consummate marriage of capitalism and politics. Moreover, their wedding was the major social event of its time - one of the most lavish of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>. It was held at the Aldrich summer mansion at Warwick Neck, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, and attended by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> and other great industrial executives of the age.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-15"><small><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference">[16]</sup></small></a>

The couple had six children, a daughter and the five Rockefeller brothers:</p>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Rockefeller_Mauze" title="Abby Rockefeller Mauze" class="mw-redirect">Abby Rockefeller Mauze</a> (November 9, 1903 - May 27, 1976)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (March 21, 1906 - July 10, 1978)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller</a> (July 8, 1908 - January 26, 1979)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurance_Spelman_Rockefeller" title="Laurance Spelman Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect">Laurance Spelman Rockefeller</a> (May 26, 1910 - July 11, 2004)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a> (May 1, 1912 - February 22, 1973)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a> (born June 15, 1915)</li>

</ul>

<p>Abby Rockefeller died of a heart attack at the family apartment at 740 Park Avenue in April, 1948. Junior remarried in 1951, to Martha Baird Allen, the widow of his old college classmate, Arthur Allen. He died of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> on May 11, 1960 at the age of 86, and was interred in the family cemetery in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrytown" title="Tarrytown">Tarrytown</a>, with 40 family members present.

His sons, the five Rockefeller brothers established an unparalleled network of social connections and institutional power over time, based on the foundations that Junior - and before him Senior - had laid down. David became an internationally renowned banker, philanthropist and world statesman. John D. III became a major philanthropist and internationalist. Laurance became a significant venture capitalist and major conservationist. Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller later became state <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governors</a>; Nelson went on to become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>.</p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Residences">edit</a>] Residences</h2>

<p>Junior's principal residence in New York was the 9-story mansion at 10 West Fifty-fourth Street, but he owned a group of properties in this vicinity, including Nos 4, 12, 14 and 16 (some of these properties had been previously acquired by his father, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>). After vacating Number 10 in 1936, these properties were razed and subsequently all the land was gifted to his wife's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>. In that year he moved into a luxurious 40-room triplex apartment at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_Park_Avenue" title="740 Park Avenue">740 Park Avenue</a>. In 1953, the real estate developer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Zeckendorf" title="William Zeckendorf">William Zeckendorf</a> bought the 740 Park Avenue apartment complex and then sold it to Rockefeller, who quickly turned the building into a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">cooperative</a>, selling it on to his rich neighbors in the building.

Years later, just after his son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson</a>, as Governor of New York State, helped foil a bid by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenmail" title="Greenmail">greenmailer</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Steinberg%28business%29" title="Saul Steinberg (business)">Saul Steinberg</a> to take over Chemical Bank, Steinberg bought Junior's apartment for $225,000, $25,000 less than it had cost new in 1929. It has since been called the greatest trophy apartment in New York, in the world's richest apartment building.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_note-16"><small><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference">[17]</sup></small></a></p>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>] Further reading</h2>

<ul>

<li>Chernow, Ron. <i>Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr</i>. New York: Warner Books, 1998.</li>

<li>Fosdick, Raymond B. <i>John D. Rockefeller, Jr., A Portrait</i>, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.</li>

<li>Gitelman, H. <i>Legacy of the Ludlow Massacre: A Chapter in American Industrial Relations</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia, 1988.</li>

<li>Gonzales, Donald J., (Chronicled). <i>The Rockefellers at Williamsburg: Backstage with the Founders, Restorers and World-Renowned Guests</i>. McLean, Virginia: EPM Publications, Inc., 1991.</li>

<li>Gross, Michael. <i>740 Park: The Story of the World's Richest Apartment Building</i>, New York: Broadway Books, 2005.</li>

<li>Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. <i>The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family</i>, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.</li>

<li>Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. <i>The Rockefeller Conscience: An American Family in Public and in Private</i>, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.</li>

<li>Kert, Bernice. <i>Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family</i>. New York: Random House, 1993.</li>

<li>Okrent, Daniel. <i>Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center</i>, New York: Viking Press, 2003.</li>

<li>Roberts, Ann Rockefeller. <i>Mr. Rockefeller's Roads: The Untold Story of Acadia's Carriage Roads and Their Creator</i>. Camden, Maine: Down East Books, 1990.</li>

<li>Rockefeller, David. <i>Memoirs</i>, New York: Random House, 2002.</li>

<li>Schenkel, Albert F. <i>The Rich Man and the Kingdom: John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and the Protestant Establishment</i>, Harvard Theological Studies, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 1995.</li>

</ul>

<tr>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Brothers_Fund" title="Rockefeller Brothers Fund">Rockefeller Brothers Fund</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykuit" title="Kykuit">Kykuit</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_3rd" title="John D. Rockefeller 3rd" class="mw-redirect">John D. Rockefeller 3rd</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_IV" title="John D. Rockefeller IV" class="mw-redirect">John D. Rockefeller IV</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurance_Rockefeller" title="Laurance Rockefeller">Laurance Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" title="Chase Manhattan Bank" class="mw-redirect">Chase Manhattan Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a></li>

</ul>

</td>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsider_Art" title="Outsider Art" class="mw-redirect">Outsider Art</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Church" title="Riverside Church">Riverside Church</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_House_of_New_York" title="International House of New York">International House of New York</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Pacific_Relations" title="Institute for Pacific Relations" class="mw-redirect">Institute for Pacific Relations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Hill_Park%28Cuyahoga_County,Ohio%29" title="Forest Hill Park (Cuyahoga County, Ohio)">Forest Hill</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" title="Cleveland, Ohio" class="mw-redirect">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Industrial_Relations" title="Commission on Industrial Relations">Commission on Industrial Relations</a> The chairman grilled John D. Rockefeller, Jr. for three days about the 1914 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre" title="Ludlow massacre">Ludlow massacre</a>.</li>

</ul>

</td>

</tr>

</tbody></table>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>] Notes</h2>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-0"><b>^</b></a> Details of Brown University days - see Bernice Kert, <i>Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family</i>. New York: Random House, 1993. (pp.62-3)</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> Resignation from Standard Oil and U.S. Steel boards - see Ron Chernow, <i>Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.</i>, London: Warner Books, 1998. (pp.548-51)</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> The Ludlow massacre and the turning point in Junior's life - Ibid., (pp.571-586)</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> Largest shareholder in Chase Bank - see David Rockefeller, <i>Memoirs</i>, New York: Random House, 2002. (pp.124-25)</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> Letter on Prohibition - see Daniel Okrent, <i>Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center</i>, New York: Viking Press, 2003. (pp.246/7).</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <a href="http://archive.rockefeller.edu/bio/jdrjr.php" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Rockefeller Archive Center</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> Laura Spelman Memorial - see Chernow, op.cit. (p.596)</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> Funding of the CFR and other international institutions - Ibid., (p.638); John Ensor Harr and Peter J. Johnson, <i>The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family</i>, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988. (p.156)</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> The Bureau of Social Hygiene and social issues; funding for Margaret Sanger - see Harr & Johnson, op.cit. (pp.113-15, 191, 461-2)</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <a href="http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Colonial Williamsburg Journal, 2004</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> Family estate vetoed as site for the UN headquarters - Ibid., (pp.432-3)</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> Endowment of UN library - Ibid., (p.173)</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> Key involvement in the Industrial Relations movement - Ibid., (pp.183-4)</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> Restorations and constructions in France, Egypt, Greece and Jerusalem - see David Rockefeller, <i>Memoirs</i>, op.cit. (pp.44-8).</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> Life principle - see John Donald Wilson, <i>The Chase: The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., 1945-1985</i>, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1986. (p.328)</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> Details of the 1901 wedding - Harr & Johnson, op.cit., (pp.81-5)</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr.#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <a href="http://www.mgross.com/books/740-park/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Michael Gross: 740 Park Avenue</a></li>

</ol>

</div>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Rockefeller,Jr.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>] External links</h2>

<tr>

<td class="mbox-text"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_D.Rockefeller,Jr." title="commons:Category:John D. Rockefeller, Jr." class="extiw"><i><b>John D. Rockefeller, Jr.</b></i></a><i><b> </b></i></td>

</tr>

</tbody></table>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/059/000052900/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.nndb.com/people/059/000052900/</a></li>

<li><a href="http://archive.rockefeller.edu/bio/jdrjr.php" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://archive.rockefeller.edu/bio/jdrjr.php</a> Rockefeller Archive Center: Extended Biography</li>

<li><a href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_166/ai_n9505400" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_166/ai_n9505400</a> Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: Patron of the modern</li>

<li><a href="http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm</a> The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry, by Will Molineux An article from the Colonial Williamsburg Journal, 2004, outlining Rockefeller's involvement.</li>

</ul>

</div>

John D. Rockefeller Jr.

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