MKULTRA and Intel community databasePreview
Open in TheBrain

Ergotamine

<p>Before we continue, I should also point out that LSD does not create the effects of &ldquo;Saint Anthony&rsquo;s Fire,&rdquo; as described in Fuller&rsquo;s book, and nor does mercury &ndash; a very unlikely claim by the French officials, and backed by Albert Hofmann in his book <em>LSD: My Problem Child</em>.<a id="ednref12" href="https://www.gnosticmedia.com/SpiesinAcademicClothing_MKULTRA#edn12" name="_ednref12">[12]</a> However, there is at least one lysergamide that creates the exact effects as described at Pont-Saint-Esprit &ndash; <em>Ergometrine</em> &ndash; isolated in 1935. It&rsquo;s very possible that Sandoz had made their own batch. And maybe it&rsquo;s just in-your-face irony, but its effects are described as &ldquo;Saint Anthony&rsquo;s Fire&rdquo;.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>Possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, chest pain, palpitation, bradycardia, transient hypertension and other cardiac arrhythmias, dyspnea, rashes, and shock. <u>An overdose produces a characteristic poisoning, ergotism or "St. Anthony's fire"</u>: prolonged vasospasm resulting in gangrene and amputations; hallucinations and dementia; and abortions. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, are common. <a id="ednref13" href="https://www.gnosticmedia.com/SpiesinAcademicClothing_MKULTRA#edn13" name="_ednref13">[13]</a>
<a href="https://www.gnosticmedia.com/SpiesinAcademicClothing_MKULTRA">https://www.gnosticmedia.com/SpiesinAcademicClothing_MKULTRA</a>&nbsp;</p>

</blockquote>

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">&nbsp;</h1>

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Ergotamine</h1>

<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">

<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>

<div id="contentSub">&nbsp;</div>

</div>

<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en">

<table class="infobox"><caption>Ergotamine</caption>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td colspan="2"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ergotamine-skeletal.svg"><img src="/678f180f-71b6-5f54-b685-47df84b4c980.png" /></a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="2"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ergotamine_ball-and-stick.png"><img src="/87b0a466-af92-56ff-999f-2c18616c632b.png" /></a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">Systematic (<a class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry_nomenclature">IUPAC</a>) name</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="2">(6aR,9R)-N-((2R,5S,10aS,10bS)- 5-benzyl-10b-hydroxy-2-methyl- 3,6-dioxooctahydro-2H-oxazolo[3,2-<em>a</em>] pyrrolo[2,1-<em>c</em>]pyrazin-2-yl) -7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg] quinoline-9-carboxamideClinical</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">data</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Trade name" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_name">Trade names</a></th>

<td><a class="mw-redirect" title="Cafergot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafergot">Cafergot</a>, Ergomar</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a title="Drugs.com" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ergomar.html" rel="nofollow">monograph</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="Pregnancy category" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_category">Pregnancy
category</a></div>

</th>

<td>

<div class="plainlist">

<ul>

<li><small><abbr title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a title="Pregnancy category" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_category#United_States">X</a> (Contraindicated)</li>

</ul>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="Regulation of therapeutic goods" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods">Legal status</a></div>

</th>

<td>

<div class="plainlist">

<ul>

<li><small><abbr title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a class="mw-redirect" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Drugs_and_Poisons#Schedule_4_Prescription_Only_Medicine">Prescription Only (S4)</a></li>

<li><small><abbr title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a title="Prescription drug" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_drug">Prescription-only</a> (POM)</li>

<li><small><abbr title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a title="Prescription drug" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_drug">℞-only</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="Route of administration" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration">Routes of
administration</a></div>

</th>

<td><a class="extiw" title="wikt:oral" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oral">Oral</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">Pharmacokinetic data</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Bioavailability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th>

<td>Intravenous: 100%,<sup id="cite_ref-kinetics1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics1-1">[1]</a></sup>
Intramuscular: 47%,<sup id="cite_ref-kinetics2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics2-2">[2]</a></sup>
Oral: &lt;1% <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> (Enhanced by co-administration of caffeine <sup id="cite_ref-kinetics1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics1-1">[1]</a></sup>)</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Drug metabolism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism">Metabolism</a></th>

<td>Hepatic <sup id="cite_ref-kinetics2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics2-2">[2]</a></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Biological half-life" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_half-life">Half-life</a></th>

<td>2 hours <sup id="cite_ref-kinetics2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics2-2">[2]</a></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Excretion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretion">Excretion</a></th>

<td>90% biliary <sup id="cite_ref-kinetics2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-kinetics2-2">[2]</a></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">Identifiers</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="CAS Registry Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number">CAS Registry Number</a></div>

</th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?term=113-15-5&amp;rn=1" rel="nofollow">113-15-5</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/37aaf871-d6ca-54fd-898e-70be8cde0e35.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System">ATC code</a></div>

</th>

<td><a title="ATC code N02" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N02">N02</a><a class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02CA02" rel="nofollow">CA02</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="PubChem" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem">PubChem</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8223" rel="nofollow">CID 8223</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology">IUPHAR ligand</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=149" rel="nofollow">149</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="DrugBank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00696" rel="nofollow">DB00696</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/1cfd1a45-bb0a-5599-a233-15d01c365182.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="ChemSpider" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.7930.html" rel="nofollow">7930</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/d0143860-b98a-5f3c-a7d8-94d905bf20fc.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Unique Ingredient Identifier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier">UNII</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=PR834Q503T" rel="nofollow">PR834Q503T</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/05964dee-d923-5efd-9629-89dfd471ba5e.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="KEGG" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG">KEGG</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/entry/D07906" rel="nofollow">D07906</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/3610d3cd-fdc7-5c7d-8407-dd90c8fc8834.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="ChEBI" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:64318" rel="nofollow">CHEBI:64318</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/20dc8787-f0b7-561b-94de-f407d88fea68.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="ChEMBL" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th>

<td><a class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL442" rel="nofollow">CHEMBL442</a><sup>&nbsp;<img src="/4df6e42c-234c-585b-b5a4-38b830e18441.png" /></sup></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">Chemical data</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a title="Chemical formula" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula">Formula</a></th>

<td><a title="Carbon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon">C</a><sub>33</sub><a title="Hydrogen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen">H</a><sub>35</sub><a title="Nitrogen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen">N</a><sub>5</sub><a title="Oxygen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen">O</a><sub>5</sub></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">

<div><a title="Molecular mass" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mass">Molecular mass</a></div>

</th>

<td>581.66 g/mol</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="2">

<div id="NavFrame1" class="NavFrame collapsed">

<div class="NavHead"><a class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular input line entry specification" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification">SMILES</a><a id="NavToggle1" class="NavToggle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine">[show]</a></div>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="2">

<div id="NavFrame2" class="NavFrame collapsed">

<div class="NavHead"><a title="International Chemical Identifier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier">InChI</a><a id="NavToggle2" class="NavToggle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine">[show]</a></div>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2">&nbsp;<img src="/9572e001-34ec-508a-bc60-b5a1a271e562.png" />&nbsp;<a title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation">(what is this?)</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&amp;rev1=443732840&amp;page2=Ergotamine">(verify)</a></th>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

<p><strong>Ergotamine</strong> is an <a class="mw-redirect" title="Ergopeptine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergopeptine">ergopeptine</a> and part of the <a title="Ergot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergot">ergot</a> family of <a title="Alkaloid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid">alkaloids</a>; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to <a title="Ergoline" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoline">ergoline</a>. It possesses structural similarity to several <a title="Neurotransmitter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>, and has <a title="Biological activity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_activity">biological activity</a> as a <a class="mw-redirect" title="Vasoconstrictor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictor">vasoconstrictor</a>.
It is used <a title="Pharmacology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology">medicinally</a> for treatment of acute <a title="Migraine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine">migraine</a> attacks (sometimes in combination with <a title="Caffeine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine">caffeine</a>). Medicinal usage of ergot fungus began in the 16th century to induce <a title="Childbirth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth">childbirth</a>, yet dosage uncertainties discouraged the use. It has been used to prevent <a class="mw-redirect" title="Post-partum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-partum">post-partum</a> <a class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhage" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemorrhage">haemorrhage</a> (bleeding after childbirth). It was first isolated from the ergot fungus by <a title="Arthur Stoll" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Stoll">Arthur Stoll</a> at <a class="mw-redirect" title="Sandoz" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz">Sandoz</a> in 1918 and marketed as Gynergen in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
&nbsp;</p>

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<div id="toctitle">

<h2>Contents</h2>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#Mechanism_of_action">1 Mechanism of action</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#Biosynthesis">2 Biosynthesis</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#Drug_uses">3 Drug uses</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#Availability_and_dosage">4 Availability and dosage</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#See_also">5 See also</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#References">6 References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Mechanism of action</h2>

<p>The mechanism of action of ergotamine is complex.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16041395_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-pmid16041395-5">[5]</a></sup> The molecule shares structural similarity with neurotransmitters such as <a title="Serotonin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin">serotonin</a>, <a title="Dopamine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine">dopamine</a>, and <a title="Epinephrine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine">epinephrine</a> and can thus bind to several <a title="Receptor (biochemistry)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_%28biochemistry%29">receptors</a> acting as an <a title="Agonist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonist">agonist</a>. The anti-migraine effect is due to constriction of the intracranial extracerebral blood vessels through the <a title="5-HT1B receptor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT1B_receptor">5-HT1B receptor</a>, and by inhibiting <a title="Trigeminal nerve" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve">trigeminal</a> neurotransmission by <a class="mw-redirect" title="5HT1D" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5HT1D">5-HT1D receptors</a>. Ergotamine also has effects on the <a title="Dopamine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine">dopamine</a> and <a title="Norepinephrine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine">norepinephrine</a> receptors. Its side effects are due mainly to its action at the <a class="mw-redirect" title="D2 receptor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D2_receptor">D2 dopamine</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" title="5HT1A" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5HT1A">5-HT1A receptors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tfelt_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-Tfelt-6">[6]</a></sup></p>

<h2>Biosynthesis</h2>

<p>Ergotamine is a <a title="Secondary metabolite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite">secondary metabolite</a> (<a title="Natural product" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_product">natural product</a>) and the principal alkaloid produced by the ergot fungus, <em><a title="Claviceps purpurea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claviceps_purpurea">Claviceps purpurea</a></em>, and related fungi in the family <a title="Clavicipitaceae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicipitaceae">Clavicipitaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> Its biosynthesis in these fungi requires the <a title="Amino acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid">amino acid</a> L-<a title="Tryptophan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan">tryptophan</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethylallyl diphosphate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylallyl_diphosphate">dimethylallyl diphosphate</a>. These precursor compounds are the substrates for the enzyme, <a class="new" title="Dimethylallyl-tryptophan (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimethylallyl-tryptophan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">dimethylallyl-tryptophan</a> (DMAT) synthase, catalyzing the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, i.e., the <a title="Prenylation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenylation">prenylation</a> of L-tryptophan. Further reactions, involving <a title="Methyltransferase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltransferase">methyltransferase</a> and <a title="Oxygenase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenase">oxygenase</a> enzymes, yield the <a title="Ergoline" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoline">ergoline</a>, <a title="Lysergic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid">lysergic acid</a>. Lysergic acid (LA) is the substrate of <em>lysergyl peptide synthetase</em>, a <a title="Nonribosomal peptide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonribosomal_peptide">nonribosomal peptide synthetase</a>, which <a class="mw-redirect" title="Covalent" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent">covalently</a> links LA to the amino acids, L-<a title="Alanine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine">alanine</a>, L-<a title="Proline" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline">proline</a>, and L-<a title="Phenylalanine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine">phenylalanine</a>. Enzyme-catalyzed or spontaneous cyclizations, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygenation (medicine)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenation_%28medicine%29">oxygenations</a>/<a class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation">oxidations</a>, and <a title="Isomerization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerization">isomerizations</a> at selected residues precede, and give rise to, formation of ergotamine.<sup id="cite_ref-Schardl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-Schardl-8">[8]</a></sup></p>

<h2>Drug uses</h2>

<p>Ergotamine produces vasoconstriction peripherally as well as damages the peripheral epithelium. In high doses ergotamine is conducive to vascular stasis, <a title="Thrombosis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis">thrombosis</a> and <a title="Gangrene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangrene">gangrene</a>. It can increase uterine contractivity and occasionally is used therapeutically immediately post-partum to decrease uterine bleeding. See also <a title="Ergometrine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergometrine">ergometrine</a>.
Ergotamine continues to be prescribed for migraines.
Contraindications include: <a title="Atherosclerosis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Buerger's syndrome" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buerger%27s_syndrome">Buerger's syndrome</a>, <a title="Coronary artery disease" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease">coronary artery disease</a>, hepatic disease, pregnancy, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Pruritus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruritus">pruritus</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Raynaud's syndrome" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynaud%27s_syndrome">Raynaud's syndrome</a>, and renal disease.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></p>

<h2>Availability and dosage</h2>

<p>In the United States, ergotamine is available as a suppository, a sublingual tablet, and a tablet in combination with caffeine. The suppository is available under the brand name Migergot, which contains 2 mg of ergotamine with 100 mg caffeine. The sublingual tablet is available under the brand name Ergomar and contains 2 mg of ergotamine. The combination tablet in combination with caffeine called Cafergot contains 1 mg of ergotamine and 100 mg of caffeine.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
This preparation may be used immediately following the <a title="Aura (symptom)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_%28symptom%29">aura</a>/onset of pain to abort the migraine. Procedure: For the best results, dosage should start at the first sign of an attack.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>

<li><a title="Ergotamine" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine">Ergotamine</a>

<ul>

<li>IUPAC name: Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'-alpha)-</li>

<li>CAS number: <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=en&amp;cas=113-15-5&amp;title=">113-15-5</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

<p>&nbsp;
&nbsp;</p>

Attachments