This NOFO invites applications that are focused on developing, using, and/or improving cellular models that recapitulate critical aspects of normal human physiology, such as microphysiological systems, organoids, and other three-dimensional models, to explore the interaction of HIV with tissues and processes within NIDDK's mission areas. Projects are expected to investigate mechanisms of viral persistence, latency, reactivation, eradication, or pathological processes contributing to co-occurring conditions.