Fundamental approaches

West:

1.Alternative functional groups:

Phosphor compounds

Sulphur compounds: Understand surface quality impact of chemically bonded residues.

Polymeric hydrolytically stable phosphates

Boron chemistry

2.Modify current esters:

High temperature performance

Reduced surface residue

Can this be developed at acceptable cost level

3.Base oil replacement:

P-based esters

Polyolefins

4.Out-of-the-box: Nano-technology:

Totally inert technology

Partly inorganic

5. W-O-W:

Water-in-Oil-in-Water (3-phase) systems may provide additional quenching benefits

6. 2-Pack approach:

Dedicated application system for lubricant application for specific products only

East:

1.Phosphate chemistry most likely route:

Fundamental mechanisms and behaviour are not well understood and deeper understanding needs to be developed.