Technological considerations

1.3. Technological considerations:

• Emulsifiers:

Aqua toxic ingredients, such as certain emulsifiers, should be limited.

Anionic emulsifiers make for easier waste treatment through pH adjustment.

• Re-use/Recycling of skimmings

• Lower emulsion concentrations

To reduce oil concentration in waste stream.

Consider impact on contamination buffer levels.

• Filtration efficiency

NOA experience – Case studies where filtration efficacy was increased.

• Compatibility with other plant waste streams

• Waste treatment technologies

• International legislation trends

COD levels (< 100 mg/l likely)

• Stable properties.

Synergy with Stability criterium (Criterium 1: Consistent and stable properties over time; No break in issues)

• Low ash generation.

To reduce the tendency to skim.

• Re-emulsification.

To allow for efficient re-emulsification under stagnant conditions. This points in the direction of cationic emulsifiers.

• Objective should be: No/Low degradation products.

• Product specific waste treatment procedure

QH may need to provide technology specific waste treatment procedures to customers.

This may be part of a detailed “Fluid management strategy” that will also include rolling fluid control limits – that may trigger dumps, for instance.

• Waste volumes.

Waste volumes are plant specific and depends to a large extent on customer philosophy, installed equipment, products rolled, etc.