Izrael, Y

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Yuri A. Izrael (born 1930 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSFSR" title="RSFSR" class="mw-redirect">Russia</a>) was a vice-chairman of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC) until September 2008, when the new bureau was elected.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-2">[2]</a> He was the "most influential scientific adviser" for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, the former president of Russia, according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-CNN-3">[3]</a>

Izrael is a former chairman of the Committee for Hydrometeorology. He also served as director of the Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, which is a part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>. He was a former first vice-president of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> and helped develop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Weather_Watch" title="World Weather Watch" class="mw-redirect">World Weather Watch</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-UNEP-4">[4]</a>

In 1992, Izrael won the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> Sasakawa Environment Prize for, among other accomplishments, contributing to the "success of Working Group I I" of the IPCC.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-UNEP-4">[4]</a>

<h2>Contents</h2>

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<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#Views_on_the_Kyoto_Protocol">1 Views on the Kyoto Protocol</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#Views_on_global_warming">2 Views on global warming</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#Criticism">3 Criticism</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#References">5 References</a></li>

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<h2>Views on the Kyoto Protocol</h2>

Izrael believes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>, an international treaty aimed at reducing global <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions, is not scientifically supported and damaging for the Russian economy,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-5">[5]</a> stating, "the Kyoto Protocol is overly expensive, ineffective and based on bad science."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-CNN-3">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

<h2>Views on global warming</h2>

Izrael has stated, "climate change is obvious, but science has not yet been able to identify the causes of it,"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and, "there is no proven link between human activity and global warming."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-no_threat-8">[8]</a> This seems to contrast the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a> conclusion that "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely [confidence level >90%] due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human] greenhouse gas concentrations."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

Izrael agrees with the IPCC predictions for future climate change, stating, "Global temperatures will likely rise by 1.4-5.8 degrees during the next 100 years. The average increase will be three degrees. I do not think that this threatens mankind. Sea levels, due to rise by 47 cm in the 21st century, will not threaten port cities." He also states, "I think the panic over global warming is totally unjustified. There is no serious threat to the climate," and, "There is no need to dramatize the anthropogenic impact, because the climate has always been subject to change under Nature's influence, even when humanity did not even exist."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-no_threat-8">[8]</a> Additionally, he does not believe the 0.6 °<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a> (1.08 °<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) rise in temperature observed in the last 100 years is a threat, stating, "there is no scientifically sound evidence of the negative processes that allegedly begin to take place at such temperatures."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-no_threat-8">[8]</a>

Instead of decreasing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, he argues, aerosol injections in to the stratosphere would be a more effective way to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitigation_of_global_warming" title="Mitigation of global warming" class="mw-redirect">mitigate global warming</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-10">[10]</a> He appears to favor adaption over mitigation, arguing, "The people of Bangladesh, who live at sea level, may face problems if the Indian Ocean rises. Still, their resettlement would be much cheaper than projected Kyoto Protocol expenses."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-no_threat-8">[8]</a>

<h2>Criticism</h2>

Izrael was chairman of the State Committee on Hydrometeorology (Goskomgidromet) at the time of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl nuclear accident</a>. Following the accident he was widely criticized for slow and inaccurate monitoring. He was also criticized for allowing air pollution throughout the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR" title="USSR" class="mw-redirect">USSR</a> to reach unprecedented levels.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In a 2004 article published in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>, Quirin Schiermeier and Bryon MacWilliams referred to him as a "fossil communist fighting for fossil fuel."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_controversy" title="Global warming controversy">Global warming controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientists_opposing_the_mainstream_scientific_assessment_of_global_warming" title="Scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming" class="mw-redirect">Scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming</a></li>

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<h2>References</h2>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-1">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisd.ca/vol12/enb12384e.html#ELECTIONOFTHEBUREAUANDTHETASKFORCEBUREAU">"Summary of the 29th session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"</a>. Earth Negotiations Bulletin. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_for_Sustainable_Development" title="International Institute for Sustainable Development">International Institute for Sustainable Development – Reporting Services Division</a>. Retrieved 2009-12-24.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-2">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session29/FINAL_REPT_P_29.pdf">"Report of the 29th session of the IPCC"</a>. Meeting Documentation. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>. Retrieved 2009-12-24.</li>

<li id="cite_note-CNN-3">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-CNN_3-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-CNN_3-1">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak, Robert</a> (2003-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/16/column.novak.opinion.russian/">"The Russian didn't bark"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-UNEP-4">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-UNEP_4-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-UNEP_4-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/sasakawa/previous/Laureates/cowinner92.asp">"The Achievements of the Laureates"</a>. UNEP Sasakawa Environment Prize (1992). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a>. 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-5">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2004/07/17/55051.html">"Academician Izrael: Kyoto Protocol economically hazardous to Russia"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>. 2004-07-17. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-6">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03694.cfm">"Global Warming Shakeup in Moscow. Scientific Conference Signals Sea Change in Climate Debate"</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_ColdFusion" title="Adobe ColdFusion">cfm</a>). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>. 2003-10-09. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-7">^{</a></span}> Sinitsina, Tatyana (2005-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050705/40849163.html">"The G8 weather report"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-no_threat-8">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-no_threat_8-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-no_threat_8-1">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-no_threat_8-2">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-no_threat_8-3">d</a> Izrael, Yuri A. (2005-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050623/40748412.html">"Climate change: not a global threat"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-9">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070203164304/http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf">"Summary for Policymakers"</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>. 2007-02-05. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf">the original</a> on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2007-02-02.</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-10">^{</a></span}> Izrael, Yuri (2007-04-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20070418/63856919.html">"Climate: putting panic in perspective"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>. Retrieved 2007-05-25.</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-11">^{</a></span}> Robinson, Nicholas A. (January 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1382&context=lawfaculty">"Soviet Environmental Protection: The Challenge for Legal Studies"</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>). Pace Environmental Law Review 7: 117–150. Retrieved 2008-02-14.</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael#cite_ref-12">^{</a></span}> Schiermeier, Quirin; MacWilliams, Bryon (2004-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7004/full/431012a.html">"Climate change: Crunch time for Kyoto"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> 431 (7004): 12–13. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F431012a">10.1038/431012a</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15343303">15343303</a>. Retrieved 2008-02-14.</li>

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<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>:

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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_scientists" title="Category:Russian scientists">Russian scientists</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Full_Members_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences">Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1930_births" title="Category:1930 births">1930 births</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li>

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<h1>Russian Academician Proposes New Methods to Stop Global Warming-- Cooling</h1>

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<div class="label-title">AUTHOR(S)</div>

<div class="desc authors">Hecht, Laurence</div>

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<div class="desc">December 2007</div>

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<div class="label-title">SOURCE</div>

<div class="desc">21st Century Science Associates;2007-2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p6</div>

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<div class="label-title">SOURCE TYPE</div>

<div class="desc">Periodical</div>

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<div class="desc">Article</div>

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<div class="label-title">ABSTRACT</div>

<div class="desc">The article reports on the effort of Yuri Izrael, vice chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to hold an international conference on global warming. Izrael intends to address new methods in dealing with the effects of global warming or cooling. Among the said methods proposed by Izrael is the injection of aerosol particles into the lower stratosphere as well as the usage of solar reflectors in space.</div>

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<div class="label-title">ACCESSION #</div>

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Tags: <a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/tag/IZRAEL%252C%2BYuri">IZRAEL, Yuri</a>;  <a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/tag/CONFERENCES%2B%2526%2Bconventions">CONFERENCES & conventions</a>;  <a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/tag/GLOBAL%2Bwarming%2B--%2BCongresses">GLOBAL warming -- Congresses</a>;  <a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/tag/CLIMATIC%2Bchanges">CLIMATIC changes</a>;  <a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/tag/CLIMATOLOGY">CLIMATOLOGY</a>