Timmons, wm Rep

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">family?</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">dad/ jay?</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">an 3 23</font></div><div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>all 26 Republicans on the powerful House Oversight Committee have refused to sign a simple, two-sentence statement denouncing white supremacy.</b></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"We, Members of the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, together denounce white nationalism and white supremacy in all its forms, including the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory. These hateful and dangerous ideologies have no place in the work of the United States Congress or our Committee," the statement (copy below) from Ranking Member Jamie Raskin (D-MD) reads.</font></p><div id="story_page_incontent_p2_target" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5155643920455169" data-ad-slot="6339868799" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px; display: block;" /></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It comes after several Oversight Committee Republicans "invoked dangerous and conspiratorial rhetoric echoing the racist and nativist tropes peddled by white supremacists and right-wing extremists," during a February hearing on the "border crisis,"</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Ranking Member Raskin said in&nbsp;</span><a href="https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2023-03-05%20JBR%20to%20Comer%20re%20GRT%20FINAL%20Version.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">a March 5 letter</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/?s=%22James+Comer%22" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Committee Chair James Comer</a></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(photo, top.)&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/03/06/meet-mccarthy-aide-tasked-with-preventing-debt-limit-disaster/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">The Washington Post</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;first reported on Raskin’s letter.</span></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"In particular, some Members repeatedly described the number of migrants arriving at the border as an 'invasion,' and even went so far as to falsely accuse the Biden-Harris Administration of implementing a plan 'to deliberately open our border' for purposes of 'changing our culture'—mirroring language often used by MAGA extremists who believe that pro-immigration policies are designed to replace white populations with non-white immigrants and other racial minorities," Raskin's letter says</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Congressman Raskin is a former constitutional law professor who gained national prominence as the impeachment manager during the second impeachment of Donald Trump.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">READ MORE:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/2023/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders-signs-law-gutting-child-labor-protections-for-minors-under-16-years-old/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Sarah Huckabee Sanders Signs Law Gutting Child Labor Protections for Minors Under 16 Years Old</a></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"As I explained to you at the hearing," his letter to Comer continues, "such language borrows from the '<b>Great Replacement' theory, the central dogma of contemporary white supremacy that has been repeatedly invoked by white nationalists to justify violent acts of domestic terrorism, including the mass murders of dozens of Americans at a Tops Supermarket in Buffalo, New York, the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a Walmart in El Paso, Texas."</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>All 21 Democrats on the Oversight Committee signed the statement, and all 26 Republicans refused. A Committee spokesperson called the statement a "distraction,"</b>&nbsp;according to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/oversight-republicans-great-replacement-theory-b2295295.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">The Independent</a>.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">the 26 Republican Representatives who refused to denounce white supremacy and white nationalism are (in order of appearance on the statement): James Comer, Jim Jordan, Mike Turner, Paul Gosar, Virginia Foxx, Glenn Grothman, Gary Palmer, Clay Higgins, Pete Sessions, Andy Biggs, Nancy Mace, Jake LaTurner, pat Fallon, Byron Donalds, Kelly Armstrong, Scott Perry,</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"> William Timmons, </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Tim Burchett, Marjorie Taylor Greene, Lisa McClain, Lauren Boebert, Russell Fry, Anna Paulina Luna, Chuck Edwards, Nick Langworthy, and Eric Burlison.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See a copy of the signed/unsigned statement below or&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/2023/03/look-all-26-house-oversight-republicans-refuse-to-sign-simple-two-sentence-statement-denouncing-white-supremacy/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">at this link</a>.</font></p></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">daddy oil lobby?</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>illiam Richardson Timmons IV</b>&nbsp;(born April 30, 1984) is an American attorney, entrepreneur and politician serving as the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">U.S. representative</a>&nbsp;for&nbsp;<span data-sort-value="South Carolina04&nbsp;!"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="South Carolina's 4th congressional district" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina's 4th congressional district</a></span>&nbsp;since 2019. His district is in the heart of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstate_South_Carolina" title="Upstate South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">the Upstate</a>&nbsp;and includes&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville,South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Greenville</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartanburg,South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg, South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Spartanburg</a>, and most of their suburbs. A member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Party</a>, Timmons served as the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Senate" title="South Carolina Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina state senator</a>&nbsp;from the 6th district from 2016 to 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A native of Greenville, Timmons attended&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George Washington University</a>'s&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Elliott School of International Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Elliott School of International Affairs</a>, where he earned a degree in international affairs and political science. He earned a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Juris Doctor</a>&nbsp;and a master's degree in international studies from the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of South Carolina</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons is a lifelong member of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church(Greenville,South_Carolina)" title="Christ Church (Greenville, South Carolina)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Christ Church in Greenville</a>, and serves as a Captain in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Air_National_Guard" title="South Carolina Air National Guard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina Air National Guard</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons graduated from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York University</a>&nbsp;in May 2021 with a Master of Science in cybersecurity.</font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career">Early career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons spent four years working for the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Circuit_Court" title="South Carolina Circuit Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">13th Circuit</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solicitor(South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solicitor (South Carolina)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">solicitor</a>'s office. In this role, he focused on serving victims of domestic violence and helped create a central court for all&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">domestic violence</a>&nbsp;cases in Greenville County.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Timmons owns Swamp Rabbit&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrossFit" title="CrossFit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">CrossFit</a>&nbsp;and Soul&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Yoga</a>, and previously operated the law firm Timmons & Company, LLC.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2016, Timmons challenged longtime state senator&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Fair" title="Mike Fair" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mike Fair</a>&nbsp;in the Republican primary for a Greenville-area district. He finished first in the primary with 49.5% of the vote, fewer than 100 votes shy of winning the nomination outright.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup>&nbsp;He then defeated Fair in the runoff with 65% of the vote<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;and faced no major-party opposition in the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S.House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h3><h4 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="2018">2018</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h4><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina#District_4" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina §&nbsp;District 4</a></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons was elected to replace retiring Republican incumbent&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Gowdy" title="Trey Gowdy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Trey Gowdy</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="South Carolina's 4th congressional district" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina's 4th congressional district</a>. His campaign slogan was "Washington is broken."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup>&nbsp;On June 10, Timmons placed second in a 13-candidate primary–the real contest in this heavily Republican district–receiving 19.2% of the vote. On June 28, 2018, Timmons defeated former state senator&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Bright" title="Lee Bright" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lee Bright</a>&nbsp;in the runoff with 54.2% of the vote. He did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress; South Carolina state senators serve four-year terms that run concurrently with presidential elections.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons defeated Brandon Brown in the November general election with 59.5% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup>&nbsp;He became one of the youngest U.S. representatives from South Carolina since 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><h4 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h4><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina#District_4" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2020 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina §&nbsp;District 4</a></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons defeated Democratic nominee Kim Nelson with 61.6% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><h4 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="2022">2022</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h4><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina#District_4" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina §&nbsp;District 4</a></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a four-candidate Republican primary, Timmons prevailed with 52.7% of the vote;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;he was the only candidate on the general election ballot as his Democratic opponent dropped out in August.<sup id="cite_ref-2022_candidate_14-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-2022_candidate-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Tenure">Tenure</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons was sworn into office on January 3, 2019, amid a government shutdown. He cosponsored legislation to require Congress to balance the budget, defund&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Planned Parenthood</a>, support&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Gold_Star_Mothers" title="American Gold Star Mothers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gold Star Families</a>, strengthen national defense, and promote&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_choice" title="School choice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">school choice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons serves on the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Financial Services Committee</a>, where he introduced legislation seeking to counter China's efforts to expand its 5G influence in countries receiving assistance from international financial institutions. He was elected by his classmates to represent the freshman class on the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_and_Policy_Committees_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#House_Republican_Steering_Committee" title="Steering and Policy Committees of the United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Steering Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He introduced legislation proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to limit the number of consecutive terms that a member of Congress may serve (H.J.Res.86).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Timmons supported President&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Donald Trump</a>&nbsp;during his first impeachment, saying of the process, "</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It is very, very, very broken" (referring to his 2018 campaign slogan "Washington is broken"). He added that he thought the process would be fair in the Senate and called the opposition to impeachment "bipartisan."</span><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In December 2020, Timmons was one of 126 Republican members of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">House of Representatives</a>&nbsp;to sign an&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amicus_brief" class="mw-redirect" title="Amicus brief" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">amicus brief</a>&nbsp;in support of&nbsp;<i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v.Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></i>, a</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> lawsuit filed at the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Supreme Court</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;contesting the results of the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">2020 presidential election</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, in which&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Joe Biden</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;defeated</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing(law)" title="Standing (law)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">standing</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;under&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Article III of the Constitution</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;to challenge the results of an election held by another state.</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-:1-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In January 2021, Timmons announced he would object to the certification of Biden as president.</b><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a></sup>&nbsp;When Congress reconvened after the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">storming of the United States Capitol</a>, Timmons voted to object to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Electoral College</a>&nbsp;results.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h3><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Committee on Financial Services</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-THG_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-THG-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Financial_Institutions_and_Monetary_Policy" title="United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Monetary Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Monetary Policy</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Digital_Assets,Financial_Technology_and_Inclusion" title="United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology and Inclusion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology and Inclusion</font></a></li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Accountability" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Committee on Oversight and Accountability</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-THG_25-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-THG-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Subcommittee_on_Cybersecurity,Information_Technology_and_Government_Innovation" title="United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Government Innovation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Government Innovation</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Subcommittee_on_Government_Operations_and_the_Federal_Workforce" title="United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Government Operations and the Federal Workforce" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Subcommittee on Government Operations and the Federal Workforce</font></a></li></ul></li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h3><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Study Committee</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a></sup></font></li></ul></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=
</font><div><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">June 24–25, 2020</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>API was highlighted in a lawsuit from the&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Minnesota Attorney General’s office t</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">hat also called out Exxon Mobil Corporation, ExxonMobil Oil Corporation, Koch Industries, Inc., and the Koch-owned Flint Hills Resources LP and Flint Hills Resources Pine Bend for allegedly misleading consumers about climate change.</span>&nbsp;[87]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“When corporations and trade associations break the law and hurt Minnesotans,</b>&nbsp;i<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">t’s my job and my duty to hold them accountable. The fraud, deceptive advertising, and other violations of Minnesota state law and common law that the lawsuit shows they perpetrated have harmed Minnesotans’ health and our state’s environment, infrastructure, and economy,”</span>&nbsp;said Attorney General Keith Ellison, as reported in the AG office press release. [88]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Previously unknown internal documents were recently discovered that confirm that Defendants well understood the devastating effects that their products would cause to the climate, including Minnesota, dating back to the 1970s and 1980s. But Defendants did not ever disclose to the public—or to Minnesotans—their actual knowledge that would confirm the very science they sought to undermine. Instead, Defendants, both directly and through proxies, engaged in a public-relations campaign that was not only false, but also highly effective. This campaign was intended to, and did, target and influence the public, and consumers, including in Minnesota,” the lawsuit reads.</span>&nbsp;[89]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Discussing API‘s role:</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);">“API has been a member of at least five organizations that have promoted disinformation about fossil-fuel products to consumers, including the Global Climate Coalition,&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">Partnership for a Better Energy Future,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);">&nbsp;Coalition for American Jobs, Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth, and Alliance for Climate Strategies</span>.</b>&nbsp;These front groups were formed to provide climate disinformation and advocacy from a seemingly objective source, when, in fact, they were financed and controlled by ExxonMobil and other sellers of fossil-fuel products. Defendants benefited from the spread of this disinformation.”</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On&nbsp;<b>Koch,</b>&nbsp;the lawsuit suggests that the company is liable for the various actions of its numerous subsidiaries involved in the manufacturing, refining, and distribution of petroleum products. It also notes:</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Koch also supports numerous foundations including the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, the Koch Institute, and the Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation. Koch expects the foundations that it supports to fund groups that further its financial interests. Koch constructively controls how the foundations that it supports direct their philanthropic activities.”</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>It also notes that, like numerous other oil companies, “Koch also understood climate-change science, the connection to sales of its fossil fuel products, and the potential for catastrophic consequences before the science was widely understood by the general public.</b>”</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It highlights what appeared to be a coordinated effort by companies including Koch to “combat climate change ‘alarmists’ through a campaign focused on science, information dissemination, and politics.”&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">It highlights a 2006 memo from the Intermountain Rural Electric Association that outlined how Koch Industries was working with other large corporations including the Competitive Enterprise Institute, Southern Company, American Electric Power (AEP), and National Association of Manufacturers (NAM).</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Shortly after, the D.C. Attorney General’s Office joined in a similar lawsuit against BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, and Shell</b>. The lawsuit alleges the four largest investor-owned oil and gas companies violated the District’s Consumer Protection Procedures Act by promoting and selling fossil fuel products contributing to global warming, while knowing about the harmful consequences since at least the 1950s. [90]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The lawsuit highlights the industry’s use of fake grassroots groups, such as the Advancement of&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sound Science&nbsp;</span>Coalition, which started out as a front group for tobacco giant Philip Morris in 1993.</b>&nbsp;This group had transitioned to become the Advancement of Sound Science Center in 1997 and was run out of the home of climate science denier&nbsp;<b>Steve Milloy, who most recently worked in public relations for coal company Murray Energy, before being disbanded</b>. [90]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to a press release from the D.C. Attorney General’s Office, “The [oil] companies not only employed the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition — a fake grassroots citizen group created by Big Tobacco as part of the industry’s misinformation campaign — they also funded and promoted some of the same scientists hired by tobacco companies. These scientists disputed the conclusions of climate researchers, despite not having any training in climate science themselves.” [91]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“For decades, these oil and gas companies spent millions to mislead consumers and discredit climate science in pursuit of profits,” said AG Racine. “</b>The defendants violated the District’s consumer protection law by concealing the fact that using fossil fuels threatens the health of District residents and the environment. OAG filed this suit to end these disinformation campaigns and to hold these companies accountable for their deceptive practices.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.climatedevlab.brown.edu/uploads/2/8/4/0/28401609/covercountermovementcoalitions.2.2019.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://www.climatedevlab.brown.edu/uploads/2/8/4/0/28401609/covercountermovementcoalitions.2.2019.pdf</a></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Partnership for a Better Energy Future (PBEF) is a coalition formed in 2014 consisting of 177 conservative organizations across the country, representing industry groups (primarily manufacturing, agriculture, mining, refining) and foundations devoted to free market principles, fossil fuel interests, and climate denial.&nbsp;</b>The coalition describes its purpose as educating and mobilizing “the broader business community and elected and public officials to address widespread concerns with forthcoming greenhouse gas rules.” From its formation until its dramatic halt in activity in the fall of 2015, PBEF antagonized “forthcoming greenhouse gas rules” in Obama’s EPA’s Clean Power Plan (CPP), which it believed would pose an economic threat to its member organizations. PBEF acted as a tool for smaller-scale organizations to reconcile their specific policy priorities, moving towards sharing resources in a collective assault on the national Clean Power Plan.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Its emergence represented a call by national pro-fossil fuel organizations for local actors to associate, to build an anti-CPP movement that extended beyond the fight’s central political juggernauts like ExxonMobil, Southern Company, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. While the PBEF’s member organizations feature some especially prominent influencers of right-wing energy policy and climate denialism such as the<b>&nbsp;American Petroleum Institute, t</b>he organization’s direct leadership is tied to the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) and U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Global Energy Institute/Institute for 21st Century Energy, whose respective presidents<b> Jay Timmons</b> and Karen Harbert serve as PBEF co-chairs. Both leaders boast impressive careers within the conservative network, and are still central actors today.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons, whose NAM has received millions each from Free Enterprise America, Freedom Partners, and the American Petroleum Institute, was recently featured in an October New York Times article about the United States-Canada-Mexico Agreement speaking on behalf of all American “industry groups.” Harbert has been very active in the last decade, advocating for hydraulic fracturing and the Keystone XL pipeline in 2013, testifying in the Senate to ban crude oil exports in 2015, vocally opposing the Clean Power Plan in 2016, and maintaining throughout the position that climate change is “an open discussion” not necessarily caused...</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">~ CPP]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During this fourteen month period, PBEF was highly active on Twitter, tweeting and retweeting more than 1,200 times, compared to scattered one-or-twice-a-month retweets throughout fall 2015 and 2016 before tapering off completely. The content overwhelmingly concerns the EPA, the CPP, and other regulations, giving updates, pointing out flaws, giving state-by-state policy impact statistics, and more. Furthermore<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, PBEF’s retweets provide insights about the network of partner organizations surrounding the coalition -- common pages include the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), The American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, the U.S. House Energy & Commerce Committee, the Republicans of the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works Energy, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and their Global Energy Institute, Peabody Energy, the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), and the Pennsylvania Coal Alliance.&nbsp;</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Most of these organizations are PBEF members, with the key exception of the Senate committee and Peabody Energy, a Fortune 500 coal corporation. Despite their targeted social media use, information about PBEF in media sources and documentation databases is limited even during their most active years. Reporting about the coalition seems to appear exclusively in pro-climate action research publications, and content published by its member organizations. Because of this, information about the strategies and activities PBEF participated in during their fight against the CPP or about the source and recipients of their funding is limited. When Donald Trump won the Presidency in November 2016 and his administration’s EPA head Scott Pruitt announced his plan to repeal the CPP, the PBEF’s website blog page as well as its Facebook and Twitter pages went silent. It is difficult to ascertain whether the coalition completely disbanded. As an organization fundamentally created to oppose an EPA program, the shift in leadership represents a win for PBEF’s central mission and thus an understandable decrease in activity.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx ,amy</font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Climate Change Countermovement: Brown University Report and Panel</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Climate Investigations Center on&nbsp;<b>February 28, 2019</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kert Davies</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. Timmons, Jr.</font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Timmons joins Prime Policy Group from its predecessor firm Timmons and Company, a well-known and widely respected lobby firm founded in 1975. From 2000 through 2009 Mr. Timmons was an integral part of Timmons and Company, which is widely credited with pioneering the concept and industry standard for Washington DC lobbying and representation. He served initially as Director of Research and then as Vice President and a member of the corporate Board of Directors where he served as its Secretary. For 34 years Timmons and Company represented many blue ribbon organizations in their federal government relations activities.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Before joining Timmons and Company, Mr. Timmons served as Vice President for the State Affairs Company, a corporation focused on politics and public affairs in all fifty states. While at the State Affairs Company, he managed projects for over 30 separate clients including Fortune 100 corporations, trade associations and coalitions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Previously, Mr. Timmons was Policy Director of the National Policy Forum, a public policy organization founded by then Chairman of the Republican National Committee Haley Barbour. In that capacity, he was responsible for legal, regulatory and government reform issues and several of his articles were published in the Forum’s journal, Common Sense.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Timmons also worked for the American Trucking Associations as a Congressional and Executive Branch Representative and as Special Assistant to the Vice President of Legislative Affairs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He has worked for the National Republican Senatorial Committee, the Republican National Committee, two Members of Congress, and has participated in every Republican National Convention since 1984; including serving as a senior speechwriter at the last four Conventions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Timmons received his B.A. in Broadcast Journalism from the University of South Carolina and his M.A. in Government from The American University. He resides in Washington D.C. with his wife Cheryl and daughter Grace.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nixon Dirty Trickster on McCain Team</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He Worked to Deport John Lennon</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Jon Wiener</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The nation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">September 15, 2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jon Wiener: Freedom of Information wish list: What did Treasury do with the TARP money? Who authorized torture? Plus, warrantless wiretap targets, FEMA's Katrina records and White House e-mail.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The man John McCain appointed to head his transition team, William E. Timmons, played a central role in the Nixon Administration's campaign to deport John Lennon in 1972.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons is known today mostly as a lobbyist for the oil companies, but in 1972 he worked in the Nixon White House as Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs. Strom Thurmond, the segregationist senator from South Carolina, sent a letter to Timmons in February, 1972, as the Nixon White House was gearing up for the President's re-election campaign. The letter informed Timmons that Lennon and his friends were "strong advocates" of a program to "dump Nixon," and that Lennon was planning "to hold rock concerts in various primary election states." The purpose of the concerts was political: "to stimulate 18-year-old registration" and to urge people to demonstrate against Nixon at the Republican National Convention. Thurmond's memo to Timmons concluded, "if Lennon's visa is terminated it would be a strategy counter-measure."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the time--spring of 1972--the war in Vietnam was going strong, Lennon was living in New York City and had become a prominent antiwar voice, singing Give Peace a Chance and Imagine at antiwar rallies and concerts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Timmons wrote back to Thurmond a few weeks later. The "Dear Strom" letter reported that "the Immigration and Naturalization Service has served notice" on Lennon "that he is to leave this country no later than March 15.</span>" It was signed by Timmons "with warm regards."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The information Thurmond sent to Timmons was correct--it came from the staff of the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, of which Thurmond was a member. Lennon and his new friends Jerry Rubin and Rennie Davis, who four years earlier had organized the 1968 antiwar protests at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, were planning a concert tour to mobilize young people to vote in the upcoming election. Of course registering young people to vote was not a crime--but the Republicans were concerned about the "youth vote," since 1972 was going to be the first election in which 18-year-olds had the right to vote, and it was widely assumed young people were mostly antiwar and thus anti-Nixon.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nixon's effort to deport Lennon never succeeded. In the end, Lennon stayed in the United States while Nixon left the White House, resigning in the Watergate affair. But Lennon did curtail his antiwar organizing during the 1972 campaign, on the advice of his immigration lawyer, Leon Wildes, who told him not to do anything to further antagonize the Nixon people.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons left the White House shortly after Nixon's resignation and founded his own lobbying firm. In 2008 he was registered to represent the American Petroleum Institute, Visa USA, Anheuser-Busch and Freddie Mac. He's also worked with virtually every Republican presidential campaign, starting with Bob Dole.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McCain's selection of Timmons ties the candidate to Nixon's dirty tricks and enemies list. Nixon's campaign to deport John Lennon was an example of White House abuse of power--the use of the power of the president to punish those who criticized him or opposed his policies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Thurmond-Timmons documents were first published in Rolling Stone, July 31, 1975.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The story of Nixon's effort to deport Lennon was told in the 2006 documentary The US vs. John Lennon and in the book Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Timmons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump to: navigation, search</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. Timmons, Sr.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Born</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1930</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chattanooga, Tennesse</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alma mater</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Georgetown University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Occupation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lobbyist</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. Timmons (born 1930) is a United States lobbyist in Washington, D.C. who has worked for all of the Republican presidents of the United States since Richard Nixon, as well as Jimmy Carter. John McCain's presidential campaign asked Timmons to conduct a study in preparation for the presidential transition in case McCain won the election.[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons is the Chairman Emeritus of lobbying firm Timmons and Company, which he founded in 1975 after leaving the administration of President Gerald Ford.[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons served in the US Air Force during the Korean War, and was an aide to Senator Alexander Wiley, administrative assistant to Rep. Bill Brock, and the Assistant for Legislative Affairs to both Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He held official commissions from Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Ronald Reagan.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 Personal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 Convention and campaign management</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Serving the presidents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.1 Richard Nixon</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.2 Gerald Ford</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.3 Jimmy Carter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.4 Ronald Reagan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Lobbying</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5 See also</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7 External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Personal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons graduated from Georgetown University. He has three children and nine grandchildren. He is a 33rd degree Freemason, past officer of the Sons of the American Revolution, and is an active member of the Society of the Cincinnati and various state and county historical organizations. He has served on boards or advisory commissions for Georgetown University's Business School, the International College at the University of South Carolina, Parent's Council of Texas Christian University, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Convention and campaign management</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons was the national convention manager for Nixon in 1968 and 1972, Ford in 1976, Reagan in 1980 and 1984. He also was a convention advisor to George H.W. Bush in 1988, and George W. Bush in 2000. Timmons was campaign manager for Rep. Bill Brock in 1962, 1964, and 1968. He received the National Young Republican of the Year award in 1965, and was head of congressional relations for the Nixon–Agnew campaign in 1968. In 1980 Timmons was the national political director for the Reagan–Bush campaign.[dubious – discuss]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As Republican National Committee manager, Timmons organized "with extraordinary precision" the 1972 convention to re-elect Nixon, marking a "sea change" in the design and execution of conventions as massive media events, according to Republican convention veteran Bill Greener; "Since then, the move toward planning conventions as TV events continues," he said.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Career political consultant F. Clifton White said "Timmons had been one of the young recruits who worked with me on the Goldwater campaign, and he already signed up to work for Reagan as political director. I had a great deal of respect for him because he had beaten me in 1968 when I backed Reagan and he was Nixon’s floor manager. Timmons showed me what he was capable of doing that year, and I regarded him as one of the best convention men in the country".[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Serving the presidents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Richard Nixon</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons was the Assistant for Legislative Affairs for Richard Nixon during both of his terms.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Chicago Tribune reported "In the opinion of several White House insiders, the youngest and least publicized of the President's top assistants is probably the one most responsible for Nixon's strategy, tactics and successes in dealing with a Democratic-controlled Congress. He is William Timmons, 39."[6] While attending a Washington party during the Nixon presidency, a hostess introduced Timmons as "the man who gets President Nixon's bills passed by Congress." Timmons smiled faintly and replied, "I'm glad I don't get paid on a commission basis."[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the writers of the 1982 publication "Who Runs Washington", Timmons was "a loyalist who did all an honest man could for Nixon".[8] Richard O. Jones, writing in 1999, commented that Nixon and Timmons were not very close and that, unlike his predecessor Harlow, Timmons did not "have the ear" of the President.[9] According to Rowland Evans Jr. and Robert D. Novak, neither Nixon nor John Mitchell had full confidence in Timmons' ability to handle Congress.[10] Therefore, in December 1970, Nixon, while praising Timmons in public, appointed Clark MacGregor to oversee Timmons and, more generally, all Congressional liaison, without informing Timmons beforehand.[10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Strom Thurmond memo of February 7, 1972, recommending deportation of John Lennon, was addressed to Timmons in his role as assistant to President Nixon.[11] The attached file from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee associated Lennon with the Chicago Seven and noted that "This group has been strong advocates of the program to 'dump Nixon'."[11] Thurmond told Timmons that "many headaches would be avoided if appropriate action were taken."[12] Timmons responded to Thurmond on March 6, 1972, indicating that the Immigration and Naturalization Service had served a deportation notice on Lennon.[13] The Nixon administration's failed attempt to deport Lennon before the 1972 US presidential election campaign season[12][14] was illustrated by these memos, which were published in facsimile in 1975 and 2000.[11][15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nixon opposed interpreting Title IX as applying to sports, and Timmons supported him in this view, endorsing the weakest enforcement of Title IX, advising "[Let's] ban the babes!"[16]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During the Watergate Scandal, after the October 1973 "Saturday night massacre" in which Nixon fired attorney general Elliot Richardson and deputy attorney general William Ruckleshaus and ordered Robert Bork to remove special prosecutor Archibald Cox, Nixon asked Timmons to assess the reaction of Congress. After checking, Timmons wrote the first memo to Nixon assessing his likelihood of being impeached; he reported confidentially, "There is not sufficient support in the House to impeach the President, or in the Senate to convict him."[17] As Nixon was struggling to remain in office, in early 1974, Timmons advised him to take advantage of the budget process "when there is strong congressional interest in pork projects. These hometown goodies are most important to many.... This is not the time to save nickels and dimes!"[18] Timmons would eventually advise the president to resign. He believed "it was time for the President to pack it in" and that "a moment of principle had come that would let the President resign with honor-this decision would undermine all future Presidents’ authority and thus, in defense of future Presidents, Richard Nixon should, at this moment, resign. (After lunch, Timmons would speak to General Alexander Haig in San Clemente and ask that this advice be brought, in his name, immediately to the President.)"[19]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Gerald Ford</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons continued as Assistant for Legislative Affairs for the Ford administration after Nixon resigned.[20] Ford said "Timmons and I were ideologically in the same spectrum, and I liked him on a very personal basis, always trusted him. Bill’s a pro. He did a great job for Nixon, and under the toughest of circumstances." [17] Timmons, who had the biggest office suite in the West Wing (other than the president's offices), and his team were offered to stay on as long as they liked.[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1974 Ford's advisors thought that Ronald Reagan would never challenge Ford, and Timmons disagreed with them. During the last week of the congressional campaign in Los Angeles, Timmons arranged two secret meetings between Ford and Reagan, and the relationship between the two men became warmer. [22]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Jimmy Carter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On April 19, 1978, President Carter reappointed Timmons to the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations.[23]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Ronald Reagan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons was a key advisor to Reagan in his campaign against Carter for the 1980 presidential election. His major campaign theme was that Jimmy Carter was "dumb, dangerous, and deceptive," and he was one of two advisors who opposed Reagan engaging in a debate with Carter.[24]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons handled congressional relations for the Reagan transition team. With James Baker, on the Legislative Strategy Group, he worked on lobbying for public and congressional support for the president's domestic and economic policies.[25]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1986 Reagan named Timmons to the US–Japan Advisory Commission. Both countries named members (roughly 12 in total) to study relationships between the two countries and make recommendations. The panel was nicknamed "Wise Men". The Wall Street Journal reported "Three years ago William Timmons was already one of the savviest, best-connected Republican lobbyists that American blue-chip companies could hire. Then President Regan made him a Wise Man."[26]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Lobbying</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Main article: Timmons & Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After Timmons left the Ford White House, he formed Timmons & Company in 1975.[27] Nicknamed the "Rain Maker" for his ability to influence on Capitol Hill, Timmons had clout.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to a 1978 Time Magazine article, Timmons was among a small group of lobbyists leading opposition to a 1978 bill that would have required lobbyists "to reveal who pays them, who they represent, and what issues they have sought to shape." Time Magazine reported that the lobbyists were able to "kill" the bill, which stalled in Senator Abraham Ribicoff's Governmental Affairs Committee.[28]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1979, Chrysler Corporation hired lobbyist Tommy Boggs to influence Democrats, and Timmons, "a man skilled in gaining Republican sympathy for corporate causes," in their work to secure loan guarantees.[29]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to United Nations reports, in early 1992 (just after the Gulf War) Timmons joined with entrepreneur Samir Vincent and public relations consultant John Venners in attempts to get a petroleum deal with Saddam Hussein in Iraq, which was under UN sanctions at the time.[30]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timmons and seven employees of Timmons and Company were listed as lobbyists for Bristol-Myers Squibb with "revolving door" connections to government in 2001 by Public Citizen;[31] they listed the same eight in 2002 and 2003.[32]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2008, the Obama campaign, which itself had an umpaid advisor from Timmons & Co. (later hired as an employee),[33] referred to Timmons as "one of Washington’s most famous and powerful lobbyists" when Timmons was tapped for planning help by the McCain campaign.[34] Time Magazine reported that Timmons's lobbying registrations "include work on a number of issues that have become flashpoints in the presidential campaign. He has registered to work on bills that deal with the regulations of troubled mortgage lenders Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, a bill to provide farm subsidies and bills that regulate domestic oil-drilling."[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] See also</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lobbying in the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b "McCain Taps Lobbyist for Transition - TIME". 2008-09-12. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1840722,00.html. Retrieved 2008-10-14.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Salant, Jonathan D; Timothy J. Burger (2008-09-23). "McCain Transition Head Lobbied for Freddie Mac Before Takeover". Bloomberg L.P.. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=aQIOOr9klOnE&refer=home. Retrieved 2008-10-15.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b Who's Who in America 1995, Volume 2, Marquis Who's Who publisher, 1994, New Providence, NJ. Page 3690.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Costas Panagopoulos (2007). Rewiring Politics. LSU Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780807132067. http://books.google.com/books?id=7DG8EbswxBoC&pg=PA6&dq=bill+timmons+convention+television&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=d11pSfaTFJeOkAS5pNB0.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ F. Clifton Whiten with Jerome Tuccille (1994). Politics as a Noble Calling: The Memoirs of F. Clifton White. Jameson Books. p. 5. ISBN 9780915463640. http://books.google.com/books?id=b9SoAAAACAAJ&dq=intitle:%22Politics+as+a+Noble+Calling%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=NlKGSZu-H5LElQTWu93EBg.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ William Edwards (1970). The Chicago Tribune.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Bill Connely (1973). Richmond Times Dispatch.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Michael Kilian and Arnold Sawislak (1982). Who Runs Washington. St. Martin's Press. p. 156. ISBN 9780312870249. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q1dlGwAACAAJ&dq=intitle:%22Who+Runs+Washington%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=YU2GSYjAJ4L4lQTguoGXBg.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Charles O. Jones (1999). Separate but Equal Branches: Congress and the Presidency. Chatham House Publishers, New York. p. 146–147. ISBN 1889119156.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b Rowland Evans Jr., Robert D. Novak (1971). Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power. Random House, New York. p. 376–377. ISBN 0394462734.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b c Jon Wiener (2000). Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files. University of California Press. pp. 2–5, 34. ISBN 9780520222465. http://books.google.com/books?id=FPPj3e_cQIcC&pg=PA3&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+Lennon&ei=4u5iSevJPJqEkgTRzbmUBg#PPA5,M1. "...when Nixon was facing reelection, and when the 'clever Beatle' was living in New York and joining up with the antiwar movement. The Nixon administration learned that he and some radical friends were talking about organizing a national concert tour to coincide with the 1972 election campaign, a tour that would combine rock music and radical politics, during which Lennon would urge young people to register to vote, and vote against the war, which meant, of course, against Nixon. The administration learned about Lennon's idea from an unlikely source: Senator Strom Thurmond. Early in 1972 he sent a secret memo to John Mitchell and the White House [Timmons] reporting on Lennon's plans and suggesting that deportation 'would be a strategy counter-measure'."&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b Larry Kane (2005). Lennon Revealed. Running Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780762423644. http://books.google.com/books?id=wGBEpc7qCmwC&pg=PA122&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+Lennon+election+1972&ei=sGh5ScGzAZX8ygS3kO2oBg. "The assistant to the President [Timmons] wrote back in March and assured Senator Thurmond that the government had issued direct orders to rescind John's visa."&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Andrew Gumbel (February 5, 2000). "The Ballard of John & (Yoko) J Edgar". The Independent (London). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000205/ai_n14287311. "The veteran South Carolina senator Strom Thurmond sent a confidential memo to the White House warning of Lennon's political leanings and adding: "If Lennon's visa is terminated it would be a strategy counter-measure." A few weeks later a reply came from William E Timmons, a presidential aide: "I thought you would be interested in learning that the Immigration and Naturalization Service has served notice on him that he is to leave this country no later than March 15.""&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Leon Wildes (Spring 1998). "Not Just Any Immigration Case". Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. http://www.cardozo.yu.edu/life/spring1998/john.lennon/. "A memo dated February 4, 1972, was forwarded to former Attorney General John Mitchell and Bill Timmons of the White House by Sen. Strom Thurmond, describing Lennon as a threat to the US government and the reelection campaign of Richard Nixon because of Lennon's affiliations with members of the Radical Left, which was then trying to stimulate voter registration of 18-year-olds. The presidential election in 1972 was the first one in which 18-year-olds could vote, making 18- to 20-year-olds a very important constituency. I also uncovered a memo in which Marks is advised by Washington to deny all applications, to revoke the Lennons' voluntary departure privilege, and to schedule the deportation hearing for March 16, 1972--strong evidence of prejudgment of the case for political purposes."&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Another copy of Thurmond's memo, addressed to attorney general John Mitchell, with handwritten note "I also sent Bill Timmons a copy of the memorandums", had been made public in 1975: Chet Flippo (July 31, 1975). "Lennon's Lawsuit: Memo from Thurmond". Rolling Stone (192): 16.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Dean J. Kotlowski (2001). Nixon's Civil Rights. Harvard University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780674006232. http://books.google.com/books?id=MSR4Dp61XOoC&pg=PA253&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+President-Ford&as_brr=3&ei=KWt5SYf3HKSsyASZ8uznAg#PPA253,M1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b James M. Cannon (1998). Time and Chance: Gerald Ford's Appointment with History. University of Michigan Press. pp. 100,226. ISBN 9780472084821. http://books.google.com/books?id=iYOhN17-rDkC&pg=PA224&dq=bill-timmons&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=SBh4SZalOYfEkATeo_zkBg#PPA226,M1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ John A. Farrell (2002). Tip O'Neill and the Democratic Century. Back Bay. p. 368. ISBN 9780316185707. http://books.google.com/books?id=48a3xetWaTEC&pg=PA368&dq=timmons+%22pork+projects%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=Sjx0SZCrFYbokATjtJWjDg.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Theodore H. White (1975). Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon. Harvard University Press. p. 6.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Shirley Anne Warshaw (1996). Powersharing. SUNY Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780791428696. http://books.google.com/books?id=Oh_QnhG7q24C&pg=PA137&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+%22President+Ford%22&as_brr=3&ei=m55SfKNO4LeyAS904jtBQ.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Robert T. Hartman (1980). Palace Politics: An Inside Account of the Ford Years. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 170, 209, 281. ISBN 9780070269514. http://books.google.com/books?id=cut4AAAAMAAJ&q=timmons++stay+intitle:%22Palace+Politics%22&dq=timmons++stay+intitle:%22Palace+Politics%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=906GSdeiNo_GlQTKkvC8Bg&pgis=1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Rowland Evans and Robert Novak (1981). The Reagan Revolution: An Inside Look at the Transformation of the U. S. Government. Dutton. p. 44. ISBN 9780525189701. http://books.google.com/books?id=YKd4AAAAMAAJ&q=intitle:%22The+Reagan+Revolution%22+timmons&dq=intitle:%22The+Reagan+Revolution%22+timmons&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=IVWGScP2EojClQSD_IWFBg&pgis=1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ "Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations Appointment of Nine Members.". The American Presidency Project. April 19, 1978. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=30681.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Elizabeth Drew (1981). Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign. Simon and Schuster. pp. 197 and 311. ISBN 9780671430344. http://books.google.com/books?id=HkqPAAAAIAAJ&q=timmons+dumb+dangerous+deceptive+inauthor:elizabeth+inauthor:drew&dq=timmons+dumb+dangerous+deceptive+inauthor:elizabeth+inauthor:drew&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=aqB-SdG3BoS6lATHzsjeBg&pgis=1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Paul Kengor and Peter Schweizer (2005). The Reagan Presidency. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 159–160. ISBN 9780742534155. http://books.google.com/books?id=MlDV8NMjKuYC&pg=PA159&dq=timmons+reagan&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=0GV5Sdv3GJm8zgS3qZy0Bg#PPA160,M1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ . Wall Street Journal. 1986. pp. 1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Gordon Adams (1982). The Politics of Defense Contracting. Transaction Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 9780878710126. http://books.google.com/books?id=R5T1rEmAdvIC&pg=PA146&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+nixon&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=_PJiSZeGEILKlQTDt5yPCA#PPA146,M1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ "The Swarming Lobbyists", Time, August 7, 1978; reprinted in Byron W. Daynes and Raymond Tatalovich, ed (1980). Contemporary Readings in American Government. D. C. Heath. p. 120. ISBN 9780669011630. http://books.google.com/books?id=5y4eAAAAMAAJ&q=timmons+intitle:%22Readings+in+American+Government%22&dq=timmons+intitle:%22Readings+in+American+Government%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=QHyGSc2vLJeOkAS_h-HTDg&pgis=1. "But in these five instances, and others like them, the force that proved decisive in blocking passage this year arose out of a dramatic new development in Washington: the startling increase in the influence of special-interest lobbyists. ... The lobbyists have grown so able and strong that last week a mere handful of them was able to kill another bill, one of particular significance to them. It would have required the lobbyists to reveal who pays them, who they represent and what issues they have sought to shape. The bill, which finally passed the House in April, came up last week before Senator Abraham Ribicoff's Governmental Affairs Committee—and was promptly consigned to either imminent death or limbo by the lobbyists. Leading the assault against it were such diverse persuaders as William Timmons, the former Capitol Hill liaison man for the Nixon and Ford Administrations, Freelancers Maurice Rosenblatt and William Bonsib, and Diane Rennert of the Association of American Publishers. In a multiple assault, they first threw their weight behind a much milder version of the bill, which was substituted for Ribicoff's stiff version. Despite telephone calls from the President, even the soft bill was then stalled indefinitely in committee, since no sponsor was willing to lead a drive to get it approved by the full Senate. Declared triumphant Lobbyist Rennert: 'It's dead, dead, dead'."&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Robert B. Reich and John D. Donahue (1985). New Deals: The Chrysler Revival and the American System. Times Books. pp. 113, 149. ISBN 9780812911800. http://books.google.com/books?id=VPq1AAAAIAAJ&q=tommy-boggs's+william-timmons+1979+bailout&dq=tommy-boggs's+william-timmons+1979+bailout&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=w5qCSbzWK4jClQSD_IWFBg&pgis=1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Jeffrey A. Meyer and Mark G. Califano (2006). Good Intentions Corrupted: The Oil-for-Food Program and the Threat to the U.N.. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586484729. http://books.google.com/books?id=AYHoTJyVOcUC&pg=PA7&dq=%22William+Timmons%22+hussein+%22Samir+Vincent%22&ei=PBxcSauoDoX-kwTLlYlZ#PPA7,M1.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ "Bristol-Myers Squibb Lobbyists in 2001, With Revolving Door Connections". Public Citizen. http://www.citizen.org/congress/reform/drug_patents/bmsg/articles.cfm?ID=6491. Retrieved 12 January 2008.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ "The Other Drug War 2003: Drug Companies Deploy an Army of 675 Lobbyist to Protect Profits". Public Citizen. June 23, 2003. http://www.citizen.org/congress/reform/drug_industry/contribution/articles.cfm?ID=9922. Retrieved 15 January 2008.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/08/20/1278270.aspx?p=1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ "Obama Press Call: Campaign Memo and Conference Call on a McCain Lobbyist-Run White House". Obama campaign memos. 2008Central.net. September 14, 2008. http://2008central.net/2008/09/14/obama-press-call-campaign-memo-and-conference-call-on-a-mccain-lobbyist-run-white-house/.&nbsp;</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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