National Petrochemical and Refiners Association

William Holbrook – William F. Holbrook served as director of communications for the CEQ
from May 2003 to May 2005.27<div>
After leaving the administration in 2005, <font color="#ff0000">Mr. Holbrook became communications director for the
Senate Environmental and Public Works Committee, then chaired by Senator James M. Inhofe</font>
(R-OK).28 Later, Mr. Holbrook became the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">director of communications for the National
Petrochemical and Refinery Association (NPRA)</span>, a trade group advocating the importance of
petroleum based fuels and lubricants.29 It maintains a membership encompassing nearly every
large U.S. refinery and a political action committee (NPRA PAC) that has distributed at least
$40,000 to various political campaigns so far in the 2010 election cycle.30 Mr. Holbrook is not
currently registered to lobby.
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wiki:
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en"><p>The <b>National Petrochemical and Refiners Association</b> includes refiners and petrochemical producers and conducts its main meetings every year in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" title="San Antonio, Texas" class="mw-redirect">San Antonio, Texas</a>. These annual NPRA meetings are attended by several thousand people from all over the world.

It was founded in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> as the<b> National Petroleum Association</b>, became the National Petroleum Refiners Association in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>, and became the National Petrochemical & Refiners Association in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. In early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>, the NPRA will become American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Petrochemical_and_Refiners_Association#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>.</p>

<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Petrochemical_and_Refiners_Association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>

<ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-0"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Petrochemical_and_Refiners_Association#cite_ref-0">^</a></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/npra-to-become-american-fuel--petrochemical-manufacturers-131066003.html">NPRA to Become American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers</a>, <i>PR news</i>, 4 october 2011</li></ol>

<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Petrochemical_and_Refiners_Association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npra.org/">NPRA website</a></li></ul>

<table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_kchart.png" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Crystal_kchart.png/25px-Crystal_kchart.png" height="25" width="25" /></a></td><td><i>This article about a business, industry, or trade-related organization is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Petrochemical_and_Refiners_Association&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</i></td></tr></tbody></table>

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    <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Trade_associations" title="Category:Trade associations">Trade associations</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Business_organization_stubs" title="Category:Business organization stubs">Business organization stubs</a></li></ul><p>-----</p><p>whchronicle king</p><div>Do you want a tiger in your tank or a&nbsp;bureaucrat?</div>

<div>This isn't an idle question, because the federal government, under

successive administrations, has been keenly interested in the gasoline

you burn, not just in your car but also in your boat, lawn mower,

chainsaw and off-road vehicle.</div>

<div>When a series of challenges have worked their way through the U.S.

Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, right in the middle of

the 2012 elections, the composition of gasoline is likely to change.</div>

<div>If the Environmental Protection Agency has its way, the ethanol

content of gasoline will rise from 10 percent to 15 percent. This may

not sound like much, but it's enough to wreak havoc on old engines in

cars and on many marine and other engines, according to opponents.</div>

<div>The arguments are:</div>

<ul><li>Ethanol is good because it reduces most tailpipe emissions, is made

from U.S. corn and provides a steady and growing market for the

nation's farmers.</li></ul>

<ul><li><font color="#ff0000">Ethanol</font> is bad in quantity because it is a solvent that attacks

various rubber components in engines and fiberglass in boat fuel tanks

and can lead to catastrophic failures and fires. The U.S. Coast Guard

has drawn attention to what it sees as potential loss of life with the

failure of marine engines.</li></ul>

<div>The EPA, charged by Congress with managing the ethanol in gasoline, says that all of these considerations can be met.</div>

<div>The agency has approved the use of E15 fuel (15 percent ethanol and

85 percent gasoline) in newer vehicles, in addition to E10 (10 percent

ethanol). It doesn't propose taking E10 off the market, but merely

adding E15 as an option at the gas pump.</div>

<div>The crux of the appeals court action is whether the EPA meets its

obligations if the new fuel is not of a standard suitable for

all engines.</div>

<div>Opponents who are led by the American Petroleum Institute and the

National Petrochemical and Refiners Association, and who include an

array of groups from automobile makers to food processors, say that to

offer both fuels would require a reconfiguration of gasoline stations,

that the stations aren't equipped to handle the two similar products and

that in reality E15 will drive out E10. They also say that E15 will

have devastating effects in older automobile engines, marine engines and

all other engines, including your emergency electric generator.</div>

<div>Nonetheless, the EPA is hanging tough. It has to. Congress has put

it between a rock and a hard place. Congress has mandated that ethanol

use grow: The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 stipulates

that renewable-fuel production and use must reach 36 billion gallons by

Until something else comes along, this means ethanol.</div>

<div>Blending in additives to gasoline goes back to the days when lead

was added to reduce knocking and improve combustion. With the removal of

lead, a compound called MBTE got in the mix; but this was found to

enter groundwater from leaks. Meanwhile, the EPA wanted an oxygen-rich

fuel to ensure fuller combustion and fewer nasties coming from

the exhaust.</div>

<div>Ethanol, which has had proponents since the early 1970s, was

favored by the farm lobby and by those who thought it would reduce our

dependence on imported oil, though it uses nearly as much oil to produce

as it replaces.</div>

<div>Democratic and Republican administrations nodded at ethanol, and

President George W. Bush was passionate about it. In theory, Congress

could reduce the pressure to use more ethanol. But in reality, Congress

won't undo what it has done.</div>

<div>Government has two tools to shift the market: mandates and

subsidies. Ethanol has both tools working for it, unless the courts rule

against the EPA on the technical issue of whether the new fuel will

operate in all engines and meet the statute requirement for consistency.</div>

<div>E10 helps combustion and octane-rating and reduces emissions as it is. E15 may just be too much of a good thing. <strong>– For the Hearst-New York Times Syndicate</strong></div></div></div>
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