Douglas, HG

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</div><div>http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/01/how-a-young-army-officer-built-americas-empire-of-paranoia-with-torture-surveillance-and-85000-index-cards/</div><div>
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<div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 1946, a popular, liberal, five-term congressman from Southern California, Jerry Voorhis, was running for reelection against a political unknown—a 33-year-old former Navy logistics officer named Richard Milhous Nixon. Voorhis had explicitly rejected the endorsement of any group that didn’t disavow communism. But Nixon, onstage in a debate in South Pasadena, thunderously brandished at him a piece of paper that supposedly contained an endorsement by a Communist-infiltrated group. Nixon followed this up with a well-financed advertising campaign darkly hinting at more of the same. He pulled off a stunning upset on Election Day and quickly gained a seat on the House Un-American Activities Committee.When Nixon went on to run for the US Senate in California in 1950, against Rep. Helen Gahagan Douglas, it was on a wave of flamboyant Red-baiting. Workers from Nixon’s phone banks called hundreds of thousands of registered voters, asked if they knew that Douglas was a Communist, and then hung up. White voters received postcards from a nonexistent Communist League of Negro Women, saying, “Vote for Helen for Senator.”Under sunny skies at a Douglas campaign rally of 5,000 people in Long Beach’s Bixby Park, with Eleanor Roosevelt speaking, Douglas supporters noticed people passing out leaflets on pink paper that accused their candidate of sinister Communist ties. Nixon claimed that his opponent—who, he noted, was married to Jewish actor Melvyn Douglas—was “pink right down to her underwear.” The “pink sheets” helped defeat Douglas, and two years later Sen. Nixon was elected vice president.What remains in Van Deman’s well-expurgated files shows few traces of his aiding candidates for elective office—something that would have been illegal for a man whose clerical help was provided by the US Army. Nonetheless, several clues in the 97 boxes suggest that the general played a role in Nixon’s rise to power. The ambitious young politician had been no stranger to Van Deman. He had ties to the general’s protégé, Combs, and had been a featured speaker at a conference that Combs and Van Deman had helped organize in 1948 of state Legislature Red-hunters from around the country. Van Deman’s files hold hints of the help he provided Nixon. One is a photograph of a Nixon campaign event where a demonstrator opposing the candidate is identified by one of Van Deman’s trademark code numbers. Another is an agent’s report with a revealingly hostile reference to Nixon’s adversary: “A few more Helen Gahagan Douglas’s and the left-wing congressmen will be prying open the most secret records of the federal security agencies.” Finally, Van Deman’s spies had long been collecting damaging information on Douglas’s actor husband: Agent B-11 listed him, for example, as a supporter of efforts to send bandages and clothing to victims of the Spanish Civil War, and another report identified him as part of a group of Hollywood luminaries supporting striking lettuce pickers.California Democrats later charged that some of the scurrilous material in the Nixon campaign’s “pink sheets” against Douglas had come from Van Deman. When these accusations were renewed after Nixon became president, unnamed White House officials queried by the New York Times did not deny the charge. They said only that it was no longer “pertinent.” But for Van Deman to help Nixon at this ruthless stage of his ascent toward the nation’s highest office was highly pertinent. Ironically, the blueprint for the Watergate scandal that finally forced the 37th president to resign could have been taken from Van Deman’s own life’s work: a black-bag job, a secret search for information about political enemies, a mania for surveillance.Today all of us leave behind so many electronic traces that spying is both easier and more complex than it was in the days of Van Deman’s agents stealing papers out of a car trunk. But there is still a dark thread that stretches back across generations. The general, happily, never reached the White House. But someone who recently did was helped by the release of information pilfered from the opposing political party, and then built a presidency on a way of thinking very similar to Van Deman’s, from suspicion of immigrants to a fondness for conspiracy theories to treating wild rumor as fact. Donald Trump probably never heard of Ralph Van Deman, but one person knew them both: Richard Nixon, a man who, according to Trump, “always wanted me to run for office.” Nixon and Van Deman both would now be smiling.</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div>
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</div><div>Helen Gahagan Douglas (November 25, 1900 – June 28, 1980) was an American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actress" title="Actress" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">actress</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician" title="Politician" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">politician</a>. She was the third woman and first Democratic woman elected to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Congress</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">California</a>; her election made California one of the first two states (along with Illinois) to elect female members to the House from both parties.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Early_life_and_acting_career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Early life and acting career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Political_career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Political career</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Appointments_and_activities" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.1 Appointments and activities</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#1950_campaign" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.2 1950 campaign</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Later_life_and_death" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Later life and death</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Further_reading" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 Further reading</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#Primary_sources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5.1 Primary sources</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life and acting career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gahagan_Douglas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and acting career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Gahagan was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boonton,New_Jersey" title="Boonton, New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Boonton, New Jersey</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-NYTobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" title="Scotch-Irish American" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Scotch-Irish</a> descent.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-warrenbook-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> She was the daughter of Lillian Rose (Mussen) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_H.Gahagan" title="Walter H. Gahagan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Walter H. Gahagan</a>, an engineer who owned a construction business in Brooklyn and a shipyard in Arverne, Queens; her mother had been a schoolteacher.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-NYTobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> She was reared <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Episcopalian</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a>She graduated from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Carroll_School" title="Berkeley Carroll School" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Berkeley Institute</a> in 1920, and from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Barnard College</a> in 1924. Gahagan became a well-known star on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theater" title="Broadway theater" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Broadway</a> in the 1920s. In 1931, she married actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvyn_Douglas" title="Melvyn Douglas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Melvyn Douglas</a>. Gahagan starred in only one <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Hollywood</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film" title="Film" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">movie</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She(1935_film)" title="She (1935 film)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">She</a> in 1935, playing Hash-a-Motep, queen of a lost city. The movie, based on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.Rider_Haggard" title="H. Rider Haggard" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">H. Rider Haggard</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She(novel)" title="She (novel)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">novel of the same name</a>, is perhaps best known for popularizing a phrase from the novel, "She who must be obeyed." Her character and costuming in She served as the inspiration for the appearance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_Queen(Disney)" title="Evil Queen (Disney)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Evil Queen</a> in Walt Disney's 1937 animated film, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarves(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937 film)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[5]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Political career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gahagan_Douglas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>In the 1940s, Gahagan Douglas entered politics. She was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States House of Representatives</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="California's 14th congressional district" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">California's 14th congressional district</a> as a<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Democrat</a> in 1944, and served three full terms as "a principled advocate of women's rights, civil liberties and world disarmament."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> During this time she openly had an enduring love affair with then Congressman (and afterwards U.S. President) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B.Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[7]</a> Mrs. Douglas was mentioned in the song "George Murphy" by satirist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lehrer" title="Tom Lehrer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Tom Lehrer</a>. The song begins, "Hollywood's often tried to mix / show business with politics / from Helen Gahagan / to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ronald Reagan</a> ..."<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Appointments and activities<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gahagan_Douglas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appointments and activities" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>"Democratic National committeewoman for California from 1940 to 1944; vice chairwoman of the Democratic State central committee and chairman of the women’s division from 1940 to 1944; member of the national advisory committee of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Works Progress Administration</a> and of the State committee of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">National Youth Administration</a> in 1939 and 1940; member of the board of governors of the California Housing and Planning Association in 1942 and 1943; appointed by President<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D.Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> as a member of the Voluntary Participation Committee, Office of Civilian Defense; appointed by President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S.Truman" title="Harry S. Truman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harry S. Truman</a> as alternate United States Delegate to the United Nations Assembly; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth, Eightieth, and Eighty-first Congresses (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1951); ... lecturer and author." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> Excerpted from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=d000454" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Bioguide Congress</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">1950 campaign<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gahagan_Douglas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1950 campaign" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,1950" title="United States Senate election in California, 1950" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Senate election in California, 1950</a></div>In 1950, Gahagan Douglas ran for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Senate</a> even though the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">incumbent</a> Democrat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sheridan H. Downey</a> was seeking a third term. William Malone, the Democratic state chairman in California, had advised Douglas to wait until 1952 to run for the Senate, rather than split the party in a fight with Downey. Gahagan Douglas, however, told Malone that Downey had neglected veterans and small growers and must be unseated. Downey withdrew from the race in the primary campaign and supported a third candidate, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Boddy" title="Manchester Boddy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Manchester Boddy</a>, the owner and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publisher" title="Publisher" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">publisher</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Daily_News(historic)" title="Los Angeles Daily News (historic)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Los Angeles Daily News</a>. When Gahagan Douglas defeated Boddy for the nomination, Downey endorsed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Representative" title="U.S. Representative" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M.Nixon" title="Richard M. Nixon" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard M. Nixon</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a> Nixon's fellow Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John F. Kennedy</a> quietly donated money to Nixon's campaign against Gahagan Douglas.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[10]</a>In the primary race, Boddy had referred to Gahagan Douglas as "the Pink Lady" and said that she was "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinko" title="Pinko" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">pink</a> right down to her underwear", a suggestion that she sympathized with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Soviet Union</a>. During the general election, Nixon reprised this line of attack. His <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">campaign manager</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Chotiner" title="Murray Chotiner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Murray Chotiner</a>, had flyers printed on sheets of pink paper. Nixon implied that she was a Communist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_traveler" title="Fellow traveler" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">fellow traveler</a> by comparing her votes to those of the far-left, pro-Soviet Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vito_Marcantonio" title="Vito Marcantonio" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Vito Marcantonio</a>. Gahagan Douglas, in return, popularized a nickname for Nixon which became one of the most enduring nicknames in American politics: "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_United_States_presidents#Richard_Nixon" title="List of nicknames of United States presidents" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Tricky Dick</a>."Nixon won the election with more than 59 percent of the vote, and Gahagan Douglas' political career came to an end. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative" title="Conservative" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">conservative</a> Democrat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_W._Yorty" title="Samuel W. Yorty" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Samuel W. Yorty</a> (later a Republican convert) succeeded her in Congress.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Later life and death[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gahagan_Douglas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life and death" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>It was rumored that Douglas would be given a political appointment in the Truman administration, but the Nixon-Douglas race had made such an appointment too controversial for the President.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-nodice-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Democratic National Committee</a> vice-chair <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Edwards" title="India Edwards" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">India Edwards</a>, a Douglas supporter, the former congresswoman could not have been appointed dogcatcher.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a> In 1952, she returned to acting, and eight years later campaigned for John F. Kennedy, who ran successfully against Nixon in the 1960 presidential race.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-nodice-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[11]</a> She also campaigned for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George McGovern</a> in his unsuccessful bid to prevent Nixon's 1972 reelection, and called for Nixon's ouster from office during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Watergate scandal</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[13]</a>At its 1979 commencement ceremonies, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Barnard College</a> awarded Gahagan Douglas its highest honor, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Barnard_College_people#Recipients_of_the_Medal_of_Distinction" title="List of Barnard College people" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Barnard Medal of Distinction</a>.She died on June 28, 1980, at the age of seventy-nine, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">breast</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lung cancer</a>. Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alan Cranston</a> of California eulogized her on the floor of the Senate, on August 5, 1980, saying: "I believe Helen Gahagan Douglas was one of the grandest, most eloquent, deepest thinking people we have had in American politics. She stands among the best of our 20th century leaders, rivaling even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> in stature, compassion and simple greatness."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gahagan_Douglas#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></div><div>==</div></div></div></div>