E - Hydrogen

Children

2018 Hydrogen emerges as material after 2040
2020 Hydrogen growth 2030 - 2050
2020 Hydrogen makes sense in a range of applications
2020 Where hydrogen is already competitive, and where it would be with a $50 carbon price
2020 Who is supporting hydrogen?
2021 Cost components of hydrogen to 2050
2021 Global hydrogen production to 2050 by source
2021 Hydrogen production by source to 2050
2021 Levelized cost of Hydrogen production to 2050 by technology and region
2021 Refinery hydrogen demand to 2050 by region
2021 Sensitivity of electrolysis H2 production by variable to 2050
2021 World hydrogen demand by sector
Blue Hydrogen will never be the equivalent of Green Hydrogen, and makes no sense
CH2 doesn't really grasp all of this. Hard engineering perspective. After 5 years - still don't get it
Chemical reaction for negative C hydrogen production
Chemical reaction for negative C hydrogen production
Electric vehicles win in almost all respects compared to hydrogen
Hydrogen as Critical Enabler
Hydrogen as distraction
Hydrogen support
More CO2 leads to more hydrogen sulfide - which kills you and damages ozone level
Promoting inappropriate hydrogen uses is a win win for oil companies
The argument that “blue” hydrogen at its very best in the best possible cases will be as good as renewably powered electrolysis as it decarbonizes fails the basic tests of logic and reasonableness.
The authors are performing a life-cycle assessment focusing on greenhouse gas emissions, and it is not scoped to include costs. Having reviewed the costs of the technologies that they are proposing for this hypothetical perfect “blue” hydrogen world, they are vastly higher than just not bothering, shifting to renewables rapidly and electrifying rapidly.
The authors’ argument boils down to that in a perfect world, perfectly monitored and perfectly maintained, “blue” hydrogen would be similar in emissions to green hydrogen today, ignoring the rapidly dropping GHG emissions per MWh of renewables and ignoring that the world of fossil fuels in no way adheres to the premise of perfect monitoring and perfect maintenance.
The chemistry of splitting CO2 and H20
The problem is that hydrogen doesn't exist in its pure form on Earth. Hydrogen molecules are so light that they immediately rise in the earths atmosphere and vanish into space. The contents of pure hydrogen in the earths atmosphere is only 0.00005%, so we have to extract hydrogen from molecules like for instance methane (CH4) or water (H2O). There are basically two methods of producing hydrogen 1. The so called steam-hydrocarbon re-forming process. (blue and grey hydrogen) 2. Electrolyses of water. (green hydrogen)
The study does not consider carbon neutral biofuels or hydrogen use
This is the green hydrogen everybody is talking about, but it's only green when the energy for this process comes from a green energy source eg a windmill or solar panels etc. It is the process of splitting a water molecule in hydrogen and oxygen with DC power. The chemical reaction is: 2H2O==>2H2+O2 This reaction requires 572 kJ of energy which is 3,5 times as much as the steam-hydrocarbon re-forming process and it only produces 2 moles of hydrogen! Two moles of hydrogen gas is 4 g so a kilo of hydrogen requires 143.000 kJ or 143 MJ or 39,7 kWhr to produce. That's about 50 cycles of your A++ class washing machine!! So this green hydrogen requires 7 times as much energy to produce then the steam reforming process.
When we burn a kilogram of Jet Fuel it releases 43 MJ or 11,9 kWhr of energy. If we burn a kilogram of hydrogen it releases 143 MJ or 39,7 kWhr of energy, so that is 3,3 times as much as Jet-fuel which sounds great, but there is a big drawback here and that is the storage of hydrogen. Jet fuel is liquid and has a density of around 800 kg per cubic meter. This means 1000 liter of jet fuel weighs 800 kg. Hydrogen is a gas at 0º C and 1 atmosphere (atm), 2 grams of hydrogen gas occupy 22,43 liter. That means that 1000 liter of hydrogen weigh only 89,2 grams, that 8.972 times less dense as Jet-Fuel at the same temperature and pressure!!

Jumps

I - Hydrogen

Made with TheBrain