Deep Decarbonization Study Options

A different administration could return to EPA’s 2016 interpretation of the CAA and establish limits on the number of gliders that can be produced and on the type and model year of engines that could be installed into gliders. 15, 397

A different administration could return to EPA’s 2016 interpretation of the CAA and establish limits on the number of gliders that can be produced and on the type and model year of engines that could be installed into gliders. 15, 397

A national energy efficiency and renewable energy load repurchasing organization, created by Congress, could through better contracts improve liquidiy in the energy finance market 6, 179

A single "builder" of nuclear plants would deploy reactors more efficiently 21, 564

Accrediting agencies like Moody's should adopte improved green bond standards tied to guaranteed and achieved carbon performance 5, 141

After appropriate review, FWS should consider endorsing the work product of outside entities, such as the landscape assessment tool produced by the American Wind and Wildlife Institute. 18, 486

Agricultural land trusts should incorporate climate change into easement purposes, and encourage climate-friendly farming practices 30, 816

Agricultural land trusts should use legal tools outside of easements to foster climate-friendly practices 30, 816

Agricultural Research Service should prioritize funding for research into agroecology. 30, 795

Agricultural Research Service should reorient majority of its funding to research projects that include climate mitigation components. 30, 795

All actors can call upon current AFV owners to educate new potential consumers 14, 379

All actors can call upon current AFV owners to educate new potential consumers 14, 379

All actors should address generational scale lifestyle changes by encouraging such changes that promote decarbonization, and head off the opposite 3, 109

All actors should address generational scale lifestyle changes by encouraging such changes that promote decarbonization, and head off the opposite 3, 109

All actors should address generational scale lifestyle changes by encouraging such changes that promote decarbonization, and head off the opposite 3, 109

All actors should address generational scale lifestyle changes by encouraging such changes that promote decarbonization, and head off the opposite 3, 109

All actors should adopt and implement polices to reduce demand for energy services, not just the energy efficiency of those services 3, 108

All actors should adopt and implement strategies to increase update of energy efficient home equipement technologies, e.g. green lease and improved LC information 3, 106

All actors should adopt RPS and ratchet them beyond 50% targets 23, 610

All actors should assess near-term decisions against long-term goals and viable pathways for replacing fossil fuel-based infrastructure with low-carbon technologies to minimize carbon lock-in and stranded assets 1, 38

All actors should consider strategies to increase household-level renewable systems and purchase of low LC emission products 3, 107

All actors should coordinate to plan technological change inducement programs 4, 127

All actors should engage in integrated planning involving all key stakeholders 1, 38

All actors should make emissions reductions a core goal of all travel or aviation related policies 16, 436

All actors should make emissions reductions a core goal of all travel or aviation related policies 16, 436

All actors should make emissions reductions a core goal of all travel or aviation related policies 16, 436

All actors should make emissions reductions a core goal of all travel or aviation related policies 16, 436

All actors should promote strategies for motor vehicle efficiency, e.g. energy labels and fleet buyers use of supply chain press 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote strategies to reduce emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

All actors should promote uptake of energy-efficiency buildings, e.g. energy audits of home and energy rating systems 3, 106

All actors' energy efficiency actions should be closely coordinated and synchronized with other energy efficiency action 9, 219

All cities should consider benchmarking ordinances, as well as energy audit and energy savings implementation measures 9, 245

All cooperating agencies that designate decisional, separated staff should not be precluded from intervening in the FERC licensing process. 22, 587

All govts. adopt measures containing LCRs, they should ensure they don't constitue a means of discrimination of a restriction on international trade 8, 205

All govts. could extend existing laws on materials and waste to include more materials and waste categories, including debris 7, 193

All govts. if adopting an LCR for decarbonization, could limit the LCR to govt. procurement, particularly if relevant to decarbonication or public health 8, 205

All govts. if designing laws containing LCRs, should meet one or more of the exceptions in GATT Article XX 8, 205

All govts. if designing laws containing LCRs, should meet the national treatment requirements of GATT Article III 8, 207

All govts. in developing carbon markets should account for reductions through materials and solid waste management 7, 194

All govts. must adopt decarbonization laws that comply with international trade rules 8, 201

All govts. should add GHG assessment to their transportation planning, and reorient planning to advance decarbonization 13, 335

All govts. should adopt a "fix it first" approach for existing infrastructure 13, 336

All govts. should adopt ambitious goals, e.g. zero waste, intermediate targets, and timetables 7, 193

All govts. should avoid adopting decarbonization laws that contain LCRs 8, 205

All govts. should better fund meaningful alternatives to driving, as well as projects that integrate multi-modal options 13, 344

All govts. should consider prioritizing support for exapanding faster growing EVs, rather than the lagging hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market 14, 371

All govts. should consider tax breaks to companies entering the circular economy market 7, 194

All govts. should devote more transportation funding to alternatives to dirving, and project that better connect transport modes 13, 344

All govts. should emphasize systems management and intelligent transport systems to increase infrastructure efficiency 13, 336

All govts. should expand climate planning to analyze how to make fossil fuel workers "whole" and promote a "shared prosperity" to unique community measures 24, 641

All govts. should incentivize decarbonization of hot water delivery 19, 518

All govts. should include GHG assessments in transportation, and reorient to advance decarbonization 13, 355

All govts. should maximize systems management and intelligent transport systems to maximize infrastructure efficiency 13, 336

All govts. should proactively address safety standards and liability regimes for autonomous vehicles 14, 378

All govts. should promote disclosure of low carbon shopping and shipping options 13, 340

All govts. should promote flexible and compressed work schedules, and provide information and incentives to private employes 13, 340

All govts. should promote goal of getting 100% of their energy needs through renewables 19, 507

All govts. should promote steps to maximize GHG reductions in autonomous vehicles, including integration with other transportation modes 13, 42

All govts. should remove infrastructure barriers that prevent double-stacking of rail containers 15, 414

All govts. should reorient transportation planning to minimize impacts on tree cover, wetlands, and other carbon sinks 13, 347

All providers of AFC charging stations should evaluate rate structure to best incentivize efficient charging 14, 370

All providers of AFC charging stations should monitor alternative rate structures in order to incentivize efficient charging 14, 370

All shipping companies should set GHG emissions reduction goals 17, 458

American Petroleum Institute API could develop programs for controlling methane emissions, and specify reduction targets 33, 886

and general permits for NETs that will likely have either small or controlled impacts. 29, 767

and general permits for NETs that will likely have either small or controlled impacts. 29, 767

As clean fuels from renewable energy become available, EPA should require their use in diesel engines. 32, 858

As part of negotiations for a multilateral agreement on environmental goods and services, the U.S. Department of State should advocate clarifications to trade rules to more clearly allow feed-in tariff programs. 8, 210

Auto companies can call on existing vehicle owners to educate potential customers about alternative fuel vehicles 14, 379

Auto companies should intensify efforts to move away from ICEs 14, 382

Banking organization could promulgate standares for energy project performance contracts 6, 179

BLM can prioritize sequestration on some federal lands. 28, 747

BLM could adopt regulations to control methane emissions from active and abandoned coal mines. 33, 890

BLM could amend its NEPA regulations to provide that a mitigated FONSI is the preferred method for reviewing certain renewable projects if specified mitigation measures are undertaken. 18, 478

BLM could retain its rule for reducing gas waste and take further action to address methane emissions from oil and gas production on public land. 33, 884

BLM should allow ranchers to graze at intensities they believe are optimal, as long as the intensities are at or below the allotted amount, allowing them to restore the range and increase soil carbon. 30, 814

BLM should enforce lease provisions that require ranchers to uphold conservation values, and add new ones designed to reduce the climate impacts of grazing systems. 30, 813

BLM should identify more large solar energy areas where an environmental review that includes a detailed examination of species presence and habitat can be utilized. 18, 470

BLM should undertake a process to update the grazing intensity limit in leases to reflect current conditions, including range quality, climate, and animal size. 30, 813

BOEM could amend its NEPA regulations to provide that a mitigated FONSI is the preferred method for reviewing certain renewable projects if specified mitigation measures are undertaken. 18, 478

BOEM should continue its designation of wind energy areas, and prepare programmatic EIS to expedite approval of projects in those areas. 18, 474

Building developers and purchasers should commit to only building ZEBs no later than 2030 10, 275

Building developers should build to LEED certification, focusing on energy strategies 10, 275

Building industry trade groups, lenders, and NGOs should promote verifiable standards for building energy efficiency and performance 6, 170

Building owners should ensure that new buildings use renewable energy through on-site generation, PPAs, or RECs 10, 276

Building owners should take full LC costs into account when deciding on energy efficiency measures 10, 275

Business should undertake voluntary aviation emissions reductions 15, 436

Businesses manufacturing pollution control technologies should inform EPA of technological advances 32, 858

CA should continue to strengthen state mobile source standards 32, 861

CA should sue EPA to protect its CAA waiver if necessary 32, 860

California Air Resources Board should expand its program to hasten replacement of less efficient HDVs, including grants and subsidies 15, 400

CEQ should amend its NEPA regulations to provide that a mitigated FONSI is the preferred method for reviewing certain renewable projects if specified mitigation measures are undertaken. 18, 478

CEQ should consider amending its NEPA regulations to require federal agencies with permitting or review roles to address issues with renewable energy projects on the front-end of the process. 18, 478-79

CEQ should consider requiring EISs prepared under NEPA for fossil fuel actions to discuss the consistency of such actions with decarbonization goals. 24, 644

CEQ should modify NEPA regulations to require agencies to consider the positive as well as the negative environmental impacts of proposed actions, including reduced fossil fuel use. 18, 479

CEQ should reinstate and strengthen its climate change guidance on federal agency consideration of climate change in NEPA documents. 13, 334

CEQ should reinstate its 2016 guidance for considering GHG emissions in NEPA review. 24, 644

Cities should adopt and enforce city building energy efficiency codes unless preempted by state law 9, 245

Cities should adopt and enforce city building energy efficiency codes unless preempted by state law 9, 245

Cities should adopt policies that retrofit and electrify their existing buildings 11, 293

Cities should adopt policies that retrofit and electrify their existing buildings 11, 293

Cities should consider establishing emissions and sustainability policies that include energy-efficiency goals 9, 245

Cities should consider establishing emissions and sustainability policies that include energy-efficiency goals 9, 245

Cities should develop an integrated suite of energy efficiency policies containing a full suite of complementary policies, including minimum standards, voluntary labeling, incentives, and other decarbonization policies 9, 219 232 247

Cities should develop an integrated suite of energy efficiency policies containing a full suite of complementary policies, including minimum standards, voluntary labeling, incentives, and other decarbonization policies 9, 219 232 247

Cities should establish city tax deductions or credits for energy-efficient equipment 9, 245

Cities should establish city tax deductions or credits for energy-efficient equipment 9, 245

Cities should finance energy efficiency programs 9, 245

Cities should finance energy efficiency programs 9, 245

Cities should work with DOE to assess and install efficient outdoor lighting 9, 250

Cities should work with DOE to assess and install efficient outdoor lighting 9, 250

Cities with public transport and bike lanes should consider beasibility of banning older IEC vehicles during peak traffic hours 14, 381

Cities with public transport and bike lanes should consider beasibility of banning older IEC vehicles during peak traffic hours 14, 381

Citizen groups and non-profits should encourage voluntary corporate initiative to promote distributed generation 19, 506

Clean energy advocates should petition EPA to develop more ambitious standards as technologies become available 32, 858

Companies should commit to reducing emissions by 25% improving energy efficiency by at least 50%, and reducing electricity demand by at least 15% 9, 245

Companies should promote mechanisms, e.g. circular economy concepts, to demonstrate leadership in materials and waste management 7, 195

Companies should work with researchers to standardize soil carbon measurement 30, 816

Companies that ship a lot of product could impose supply chain requirements to achieve an efficiency standard or use low-carbon fuel or slow steaming 17, 458

Congress and the Executive branch should look for funding for a federal program to accelerate deployment of energy-efficent appliance 9, 239

Congress can authorize DOI and DOE to own and control CCS sites 28, 744

Congress can authorize more funding for federal loan guarantees for CCS 28, 729

Congress can expand tax credits to explicitly apply to NGCC plants with carbon capture 28, 727

Congress can reduce barriers to NETs by allowing use of eminent domain for land needed for such projects 29, 767

Congress can reduce barriers to NETs by allowing use of eminent domain for land needed for such projects 29, 767

Congress can restructure the conditions and deadlines for CCS funding 28, 729

Congress chould increase funding for the Rural Energy for America Program 33, 893

Congress could add hydrogen and synthetic natural gas to the RFS mandate 25, 669

Congress could adopt "carbon adjustment assistance" for dislocated workers modeled on Trade Adjustment Assistance 24, 639

Congress could adopt a federal RPS that preempts states from including biomass that doesn't demonstrate substantial LC GHG reductions 25, 667

Congress could adopt a lending program similar to the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program aimed at rural renewable energy projects 5, 138

Congress could adopt a low-carbon fuel standard emphasizing bioenergy with near zero LC emissions 25, 666

Congress could adopt a tax treatment for low-carbon energy projects tied to actual sale or use of low-carbon power supplies 23, 612

Congress could adopt a tax treatment for low-carbon energy projects tied to actual sale or use of low-carbon power supplies 23, 612

Congress could adopt any economy wide carbon trading or tax measure, including aviation 16, 431

Congress could adopt any economy wide carbon trading or tax measure, including aviation 16, 431

Congress could adopt legislatiion to all emissions limits on freight facilitywide 15, 421

Congress could amend CAA to give EPA authority to require HDVs to meet more stringent GHG emissions standards 15, 398

Congress could amend CAA to require EPA standards to reduce the GWP of HDVs and engines, e.g. alternative refrigerants 15, 395

Congress could amend EPCA to apply full LC climate performance account to regulated appliances 34, 913

Congress could amend EPCA/EISA to include human health and environment effects, rather than focusing only on feasible vehicle fuel-efficiency improvements 15, 395

Congress could amend PURPA to require utility commissions to facilitate local generation, distribution, and virtual net metering 6, 160

Congress could amend the Atmoic Energy Act to reduce fee recovery for government review of new designs 21, 563

Congress could amend the CAA to allows state and local authorities to regulate new locomotives 15, 410

Congress could amend the CAA to give EPA clea authority over gliders and glider engines 15, 397

Congress could amend the CAA to require EPA standards for new locomotives to aggressively force technology 15, 407

Congress could amend the Coopeative Forestry Assistance Act to make assistance conditional on increasing carbon sequestration 25, 663

Congress could amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act to provide for consent-based siting and licensing of alternative or additional sites 21, 568

Congress could amend the RFS to accelerate feedstocks meeting the "near zero" criterion 25, 665

Congress could amend Title VI of the CAA to explicitly cover HFCs 34, 910

Congress could authorize environmental agencies to regulate methane emissions from manure management 33, 895

Congress could authorize federal agencies to provide reinsurance to private bond insueres for low income energy projects 6, 181

Congress could authorize geologic sequestration on public lands 31, 833

Congress could authorize private nuclear waste storage facilities 21, 568

Congress could authorize the GSA to require certification for any procured bioenergy feedstocks or energy 25, 669

Congress could condition forestry program funding on adoption of practices increasing carbon sequestration capacity 25, 663

Congress could condition receipt of agricultural sector subsidies on implementation of sustainable bioenergy feedstock practices 25, 658

Congress could consider a new government entity to develop nuclear projects, based on the TVA model 21, 567

Congress could consider providing benefits to states and communities associated with nuclear waste disposal 21, 568

Congress could convert RFS volume requirements to "percentage of final demand" to adapt to changing transport fuel sector 25, 665

Congress could create a new climate-based aviation tax 16, 432

Congress could create a new climate-based aviation tax 16, 432

Congress could create a new Nuclear Waste Administration to complete a nuclear waste repository 21, 568

Congress could create a regulatory framework for offshore CO2 sequestration 28, 744

Congress could create an investment tax credit for CO2 pipelines 28, 738

Congress could create or extend conservation easement programse.g. for high forest carbon sequestration potential 31, 834

Congress could create regional siting authorities to approve interstate transmission lines 20, 541

Congress could direct FERC to extend hydropower license terms beyond 50 years to allow investments to be recouped 22, 589

Congress could direct OE to evaluate repurposing pipelines to transport captured CO2 28, 738

Congress could DOE to create more national interest electric transmission corridors NIETCs 20, 541

Congress could earmark transitional funds for states with the largest carbon deficits 23, 614

Congress could earmark transitional funds for states with the largest carbon deficits 23, 614

Congress could encourage private investment in CCS by allowing private activity bonds 28, 728

Congress could establish a prohibition or phaseout on the use of fossil fuels 24, 626

Congress could exempt developers of renewable energy facilities on contaminated lands from CERCLA liability 18, 475

Congress could expand DOE's authority under EPAct 2005 to partner with private transmission line companies in areas beyond WAPA and SPA 20, 541

Congress could expand EPA's mandate to reduce GHGs under the CAA by incentivizing vehicles and engines implementing advanced GHG reduction technologies 15, 395

Congress could expand national forests by acquiring land rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

Congress could expand national forests by acquiring land rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

Congress could expand PURPA to include a wide range of grid supporting services 6, 161

Congress could expand REIT qualification criteria to include carbon reduction projects 5, 142

Congress could expand the PTC for renewable energy to include plants using CCS 28, 728

Congress could extend condemnation power to private parties for industrial scale NET operations, with strong oversigh and protections 29, 767

Congress could extend condemnation power to private parties for industrial scale NET operations, with strong oversigh and protections 29, 767

Congress could fund expansion of the biomass industry in the Gulf Coast states 27, 704

Congress could fund R&D related to pre-transport processing of biomass feedstocks 27, 705

Congress could give EPA sole authority over HDV GHG emissions 15, 395

Congress could give NHTSA sol authority to regulate HDV fuel economy 15, 395

Congress could grant USFS authority under Forest Legacy Program to allow for bioenergy feedstock production, based on decarbonization-driven standards 25, 663

Congress could impose a tax or credit system for shipping to or from the U.S. 17, 455

Congress could impose strict time lines for NRC reviews of combined license applications referencing a standard design certification 21, 565

Congress could incentivize "first to market" designs, and the use of approved designs 21, 564

Congress could incentivize companies to reposition themselves from carbon to non-carbon energy markets, including retraining workers and reducing job loss in impacted communitieis 24, 640

Congress could incentivize private investment in CCS by legislating private a

Congress could include preference for offshore renewable energy projects in the Coastal Zone Management Act 18, 475

Congress could increase fuel taxes for domestic aviation 16, 432

Congress could increase fuel taxes for domestic aviation 16, 432

Congress could increase funding for biomaterials research at the NSF's Division of Materials Research 7, 194

Congress could increase taxes on international flights leaving U.S. 16, 432

Congress could increase taxes on international flights leaving U.S. 16, 432

Congress could increase taxes on passenger tickets 16, 432

Congress could increase taxes on passenger tickets 16, 432

Congress could leave interstate transmission line siting authority with the states, but require consideration of federal decarbonization goals, with a federal court remedy 20, 541

Congress could legislate bans on GHG-intensive materials and products 7, 193

Congress could legislate extended producer responsibility for a wide range of products 7, 193

Congress could legislate favorable waivers or expedited reviews of NET projects, similar to those for CERCLA 29, 767

Congress could legislate favorable waivers or expedited reviews of NET projects, similar to those for CERCLA 29, 767

Congress could legislate LCA and disclosure requirements for a wide ragne of materials and products 7, 193

Congress could legislate minimum state recyling rates and food scrap diversion rates 7, 193

Congress could legislate more support for low-carbon agricultural products in government purchasing 30, 821

Congress could legislate that bioenergy production meet sustainability criteria 25, 658

Congress could legislate the transfer of siting approval and eminent domain for electric transmission lines from the states to FERC, DOE, or other agency 20, 540

Congress could legislate to authorize NHTSA or DOT to prohibit HDVs based on model year 15, 398

Congress could mandate consideration of climate change and mitigation in the federal public land system, including carbon storage maximization 31, 833

Congress could mandate consideration of climate change and mitigation in the federal public land system, including carbon storage maximization 31, 833

Congress could mandate specific time limits for design certification reviews 21, 563

Congress could mandate use of no-till farming or changes in fertilizer usage 25, 658

Congress could modify Health Forests Restoration Act to promote bioenergy use and increase carbon sink capacity 25, 659

Congress could modify RFS to phase out credits for grandfathered facilities 25, 665

Congress could modify the Atomic Energy Act to focus the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguard's role 21, 565

Congress could pass comprehensive product standard legislation modeled after the EU's Ecodesign Directive 12, 324

Congress could pass the Master Limited Partnerships Parity Act to create funding for carbon reduction projects 5, 142

Congress could permit advance depreciation to encourage long-term operations at existing plants 21, 559

Congress could prohibit expore of used locomotive equipment that fails to meet environmental criteria 15, 408

Congress could provide EPA and states more authority to regulate drayage trucks and cargo handling equipment 15, 420

Congress could provide financial "standby support" for licensing process delays 21, 566

Congress could provide funding for DOE to support new reactor technologies and licensing 21, 563

Congress could put a limit on GHG emissions related to power generation 24, 626

Congress could require airlines to use a growing biofuels mix 16, 434

Congress could require airlines to use a growing biofuels mix 16, 434

Congress could require buffer zones in agricultural areas to reduce water pollution and create carbon sinks 25, 658

Congress could require consideration of resilience measures for federal pubic land systems 31, 833

Congress could require consideration of resilience measures for federal pubic land systems 31, 833

Congress could require emitters and storers of CO2 to fund a liability program in returns for liability limits 28, 744

Congress could require independent certification of bioenergy feedstocks 25, 668

Congress could require that federal govt. purchase nuclear power generation 21, 567

Congress could restrict conversion of "natural" forests to monocultures 25, 658

Congress could revise EPAct 2005 to clarify that FERC has authority to permt transmission lines within NIETCs if states deny a permit 20, 541

Congress could solidify EPA's CAA or NHTSA's EISA authority to regulate trailers 15, 396

Congress could support adapting model building codes to encourage primary materials substitution as well as replacement and life-span 12, 325

Congress could use MEPS statutes to give DOE explicit authority to set material efficiency goals, remove negative incentives, and adjust SCC figures to reflect new data 12, 324

Congress dhould consider investment tax credits to incentivize existing nuclear operatos to re-license 21, 559

Congress reduce the uncertainty of pumped storage development at Bureau of Reclamation facilities by clarifying overlapping responsibilities with FERC 22, 591

Congress shoudl consider a carbon tax beginning at $20 and increasing based on rising climate damages, with revenue spent on economic efficiency, income redistribution, and climate policies 12, 310

Congress shoudl invest in data infrastrcuture to encouarage materials efficiency 12, 322

Congress shoudl reform the 2010 RFS to be based on a percentage of final demand, to adapt to the changing fuels sector 27, 702

Congress should accelerate adoption of new technologies under rulemaking CAA 111 and 115 with subsidies and standards and support for less proven methods like CCS 12, 318

Congress should add GHG emissions reduction to transportation planning factors 13, 335

Congress should adopt a "fix it first" for existing infrastructure 13, 336

Congress should adopt a carbon tax as the centerpiece of comprehensive decarbonization strategy, high enough to incentivize clean technologies 4, 117

Congress should adopt a farm safety net through ecosystem services payments, in place of most or all current programs 30, 794

Congress should adopt a national clean energy standard that includes energy efficiency and a national market for traded credits 23, 613

Congress should adopt a national clean energy standard that includes energy efficiency and a national market for traded credits 23, 613

Congress should adopt a national RPS that includes all hydropower, or Congress should adopt a carbon tax 22, 583

Congress should adopt a national ZEV mandate 23, 614

Congress should adopt a national ZEV mandate 23, 614

Congress should adopt federal tax credits for for hybrid, electric, or fuel cell HDVs above 8,500 pounds GVW, similar to American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for LDVs 15, 401

Congress should adopt the Master Limited Partnerships Parity Act to extend to favorable tax treatment for renewable energy, storage, and demand reduction projects 23, 612

Congress should adopt the Master Limited Partnerships Parity Act to extend to favorable tax treatment for renewable energy, storage, and demand reduction projects 23, 612

Congress should adopt voluntary incentives to encourage energy audits if there is no legal requirement 11, 286

Congress should adopte future tax credits based on decarbonization benefits associated with new investments 23, 612

Congress should adopte future tax credits based on decarbonization benefits associated with new investments 23, 612

Congress should allocate more funding to suppoer diesel retrofits and replacements 32, 870

Congress should allow federal agencies to receive direct funding from hydropower license applicants 22, 587

Congress should allow FERC to establish a "centralized schedule" for the completion of authorizations requried for a nonfederal hydropower project 22, 587

Congress should allow NET R&D and limited deployment to occur without significant delays from EIRs 29, 768

Congress should allow NET R&D and limited deployment to occur without significant delays from EIRs 29, 768

Congress should allow subsidy funds to be combined with private finance to promote energy efficient low-income housing rehabilitation programs 6, 181

Congress should amend EPAct 2005 to clarify that all forms of licensed hydropower satisfy renewable energy requirements for federal procurement 22, 583

Congress should amend the Atomic Energy Act to modify restrictions on foreign ownership of nuclear projects 21, 562

Congress should amend the CAA to acceleate turnover of locomotives, or remanufacturing of in-use locomotives 15, 403

Congress should amend the EPCA to authorize DOE to adopt energy-efficiency standards with multiple metrics 9, 234

Congress should amend the RFS to move away from cellulosic ethanol 27, 703

Congress should amend the state preemption provision of EPCA to give states more autonomy in energy efficiency standards 9, 233

Congress should amenda EPA to give DOE discretion to establish shorter compliance lead times for energy efficiency standards 9, 234

Congress should apportion aviation tax revenues to support international development to help mitigate impacts on developing countries 16, 443

Congress should apportion aviation tax revenues to support international development to help mitigate impacts on developing countries 16, 443

Congress should approve appropriations for an innovation fund to supplement emissions trading encouraged by EPA and to assist states in drafting CAA SIPs 12, 318

Congress should authorize broad enforcement of conservation compliance requirements with citizen-suit-type provisions 30, 806

Congress should authorize NHTSA and EPA to adopt credit multipliers for fuel efficiency standards to encourage ZEV alternatives such as electrification 23, 614

Congress should authorize NHTSA and EPA to adopt credit multipliers for fuel efficiency standards to encourage ZEV alternatives such as electrification 23, 614

Congress should avoid unilateral measures that distinguish between domestic goods and services from "like" imports unless not competitively substitutable 8, 209

Congress should broaden DOE's authority under EPCA to cover new products 9, 233

Congress should clarify authorization of federal agencies such as EPA, FERC, and DOI to support pricing the carbon attributes of energy resources 23, 612

Congress should clarify authorization of federal agencies such as EPA, FERC, and DOI to support pricing the carbon attributes of energy resources 23, 612

Congress should clarify that a lease purchaser can graze as few animals as desired to preserve ecological values 30, 814

Congress should clarify that states can adopt more ambitious ZEV standards than federal goals 23, 614

Congress should clarify that states can adopt more ambitious ZEV standards than federal goals 23, 614

Congress should consider a "frequent flyer levy" to address equity concerns with avaiation emissions measures 16, 443

Congress should consider a "frequent flyer levy" to address equity concerns with avaiation emissions measures 16, 443

Congress should consider a carbon cap and trade system that nuclear plants could participate in 21, 556

Congress should consider a carbon tax as part of decarbonization, but not as an alternative to full CAA implementation, or complementary federal energy-efficiency policies 9, 231

Congress should consider a carbon tax beginning at $25/ton, increasing based on climate damages, spending revenues on economic efficiency, income redistribution, and climate policy purposes 2, 81, 86

Congress should consider a carbon tax or cap and trade program that allows private forest capture as offsets, and taxes deforestation 31, 843

Congress should consider a carbon tax or cap and trade program that allows private forest capture as offsets, and taxes deforestation 31, 843

Congress should consider a carbon tax that would benefit nuclear generation 21, 556

Congress should consider a fertilizer fee to reduce fertilizer use and other climate-friendly agricultural practices 30, 809

Congress should consider a national carbon tax to encourage low-carbon energy investment 23, 612

Congress should consider a national carbon tax to encourage low-carbon energy investment 23, 612

Congress should consider a tradeable permit system to incentivize economy-wide deep carbonization 4, 117

Congress should consider adopting loan programs similar to the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program aimed at efficient renewable energy production 5, 138

Congress should consider allocating a part of any revenue from ship taxes to support mitigation and adaption in affected developing countries 17, 460

Congress should consider allowing private capital to be used in upgrading and expanding federal hydropower facilities or sites reserved for federal development 22, 589

Congress should consider an emissions trading scheme with strict limits within a fixed, declining cap with minimal or no offsets 12, 310, 311

Congress should consider created a federal role in designating potential nuclear project sites, preempting state and local permitting 21, 567

Congress should consider expanding CRP activities with proven climate benefits 30, 802

Congress should consider expanding industrial and commercial products covered by DOE standards 9, 254

Congress should consider expanding its Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research grant after it demonstrates its independence from industry 30, 797

Congress should consider funding development of small modular reactors and advanced non-light water technologies 21, 563

Congress should consider legislating replacement of fossil fuel water heating with electricity 11, 296

Congress should consider legislating that federal buildings use no fossil fuel energy by 2050 or earlier 11, 292

Congress should consider liability protections for NET operators meeting criteria 29, 768

Congress should consider liability protections for NET operators meeting criteria 29, 768

Congress should consider mandatory energy audits upon sale or rental of existing homes and commercial properties 11, 286

Congress should consider mandatory retrofit laws for commercial and residential buildings 11, 289

Congress should consider production tax credits for nuclear generation to prevent early retirements 21, 559

Congress should consider require consideration of carbon costs in regulatory impact assessments and cost benefit analysis 23, 612

Congress should consider require consideration of carbon costs in regulatory impact assessments and cost benefit analysis 23, 612

Congress should consider special requirements on shipping in the Arctic 17, 460

Congress should couple increased support for climate related agricultural research with funding to disseminate that research and climate friendly practices 30, 794

Congress should create a carbon tax and create a CO2 trading regime in which forest and soil carbon sequestration is included 31, 834

Congress should create a carbon tax and create a CO2 trading regime in which forest and soil carbon sequestration is included 31, 834

Congress should create a fast-track procedure for upgrades and modernization with non-significant environmental impacts 22, 589

Congress should create a new licensing or exemption program to authorize new hydropower development at non-powered dams 22, 592

Congress should create an easier path under ESA 7 and 10 for renewable energy projects meeting tight conditions 18, 487

Congress should create tax credits for deployment of advanced locomotives 15, 410

Congress should create tax credits for freight carriers investing in next generation HDVs and infrastructure to reduce fleet GHG emissions 15, 410

Congress should creating lending institutions aimed at financing climate friendly farming practices 30, 815

Congress should define a new fast-track licensing to apply to pumped storage or closed-loop systems 22, 590

Congress should designate FERC as the lead NEPA review agency for all hydropower licenses under federal law 22, 587

Congress should designate National Institute of Standards and Technology to publish and aggregate LCA product comparisons to encourage material substitution 12, 322

Congress should develop an integrated suite of energy efficiency policies as part of a larger set of decarbonization policies 9, 219, 232, 247

Congress should direct agencies to prevent ex parte communications between decisional state within FERC and cooperating agencies 22, 587

Congress should direct DOE to pay facilities for renewable gas, similar to the Advanced Biofuel Payment Program 26, 683

Congress should direct DOE to provide grants for renewable gas production facilities 26, 683

Congress should direct FERC to consider the costs of project upgrades in establishing license terms 22, 589

Congress should direct FERC to develop a single comprehensive study plan to inform federal decisionmaking 22, 587

Congress should direct National Institute of Food and Agriculture to increase portfion of funding for climate mitigation and adaptation 30, 795

Congress should double the extension system's budget, designating new funds for climate change education, programming, and services 30, 798

Congress should dramatically increase the budget for the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, specifically appropriating funds for carbon farming practices 30, 796

Congress should drive material efficiency through a mix of policies across the life cycle 12, 324

Congress should eliminate Biomass Crop Assistance Program requirement limiting eligible materials 25, 662

Congress should eliminate coal producer subsidies 8, 208

Congress should eliminate or reduce employer federal tax breaks for parking 13, 339

Congress should eliminate preferential tax treatments for parking benefits, and allow greater benefits for other modes of commuting 13, 334

Congress should eliminate the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program's ACEP's long-term easement option 30, 806

Congress should eliminate the livestock facility exemptions in CERCLA 30, 811

Congress should enact the proposed Public Lands Renewable Energy Development Act to accelerate new renewable development 18, 470

Congress should enact the RECLAIM Act of 2017 to provide $1 billion to restore abandoned coal mines 24, 638

Congress should encourage states to change restrictive RPS requirements to allow all nonfederal hydropower to quality 22, 584

Congress should ensure that government incentivs do not support large scale operations that don't curb environmentally damaging practices 30, 812

Congress should establish a decarbonization strategy based on technology innovation, or authorize an entity to perform the function 4, 121

Congress should establish a fast track permitting scheme for marine and hydrokinetic technologies 22, 593

Congress should establish a national green bank 5, 140

Congress should establish an agency to purchase loans and asset-backed securities for residential and small business energy efficiency and renewable loans, and credit support through SFOs 6, 176

Congress should establish enforcement mechanisms to ensure that centralized schedule deadlines are met 22, 587

Congress should expand ability of investors to claim tax incentives for investmennts in renewable energy generation by offering tax incentives through cash grants 5, 145

Congress should expand ACEP to allow for easements on more environmentally sensitive lands to protect terrestrial carbon pools 30, 806

Congress should expand ACEP to prioritize protecting lands with greatest climate benefits 30, 806

Congress should expand and fund low-income energy programs, including Low Income Home Energy Assistance and Weatherization Assistance Programs 9, 232

Congress should expand CRP funding to prioritize climate beneficial activities through higher payments 30, 814

Congress should expand CRP funding to provide sustained climate benefits through 30-year agreements or permanent easements on land with significant mitigation and adaptation potential 30, 802

Congress should expand ecosystem service payment programs to emphasize the co-benefit of carbon storage 31, 834

Congress should expand ecosystem service payment programs to emphasize the co-benefit of carbon storage 31, 834

Congress should expand financial and other infrastructure support for expanded EV use 14, 367

Congress should expand funding for climate friendly practices at all USDA research and extension entities to achieve carbon neutrality while maintaining crop and livestock productivity 30, 795

Congress should expand funding for EPA's Clean Diesel Grants Program to accelerate HDV turnover 15, 403

Congress should expand funding for EPA's SmartWay and Clean Diesel grants program 15, 409

Congress should expand mandate of existing agricultural extension services or fund a new service 30, 798

Congress should expand REITs to include low-carbon energy projects related to building efficiency and renewable power investments 23, 612

Congress should expand REITs to include low-carbon energy projects related to building efficiency and renewable power investments 23, 612

Congress should expand required practices for conservation compliance to protect soil carbon and water 30, 806

Congress should expand the BCAP to account for a broader range of bioenergy end uses, and condition financial assistance on sustainability criteria 25, 662

Congress should expand the nuclear federal loan guarantee program to be far more extensive 21, 562

Congress should expand the scope of the CAA to include aviation emissions if future EPA regulation of aviation is struck down by the courts 16, 434

Congress should expand the scope of the CAA to include aviation emissions if future EPA regulation of aviation is struck down by the courts 16, 434

Congress should explore VMT tax options 13, 338

Congress should extend biodiesel and renewable diesel blenders tax credit 27, 703

Congress should extend consumer mortgage loan protections to PACE loans 6, 173

Congress should extend the conservation compliance requirement to more farm programs, ensuring no funding of environmental harm 30, 806

Congress should focus on processes within energy-intensive industries 12, 306, 315

Congress should fund Climate Hubs for each state and mandate national sequestration targets 30, 799

Congress should fund community colleges and others to train professionals in high efficiency, ZEB, LEED, and passive buildings 10, 273

Congress should fund community colleges and others to train professionals in high efficiency, ZEB, LEED, and passive buildings 10, 273

Congress should fund DOE's Appliance Standards and Building Codes Program at a sufficient level 9, 234

Congress should fund efforts for industry, national labs and others to promote development of diesel engines that can accept up to B100 27, 703

Congress should fund reactivating licensing of the Yucca Mountain project 21, 568

Congress should identify additional nuclear disposal sites 21, 568

Congress should implement an active labor market system for workers in the carbon economy 24, 639

Congress should impose a uniform carbon price on all energy suppliers to give decarbonization investments a competitive advantage 6, 168

Congress should impose carbon pricing to expressly allow NET operators to obtain a financial return on CO2 captures from the atmosphere 29, 769

Congress should impose carbon pricing to expressly allow NET operators to obtain a financial return on CO2 captures from the atmosphere 29, 769

Congress should incentivize diesel engine manufacturers to accomodate more biodiesel 27, 703

Congress should incentivize licensees to make the investments to refurbish or replace equipment in existing nuclear plants 21, 559

Congress should incentivize production of ethanol and biofuels pipelines 27, 710

Congress should include environmental risks in determining which investments quality for tax-exempt bond financing, and expand tax exempt bond financing to green bond activities that meet a carbon benefit test 23, 612

Congress should include environmental risks in determining which investments quality for tax-exempt bond financing, and expand tax exempt bond financing to green bond activities that meet a carbon benefit test 23, 612

Congress should include HDVs within sope of future automated vehicles legislation 15, 400

Congress should increase funding for Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, providing higher payments for targeted conservation efforts 30, 802

Congress should increase funding for development of CCS, including CCS deployed at biorefineries 27, 708

Congress should increase funding to DOE and NRC to support efforts to reduce uncertainties associated with nuclear plant operation beyond 60 years 21, 559

Congress should induce higher private sector R&D through an R&D tax credit for carbon reduction technologies 4, 199

Congress should integrate climate concerns into agricultural trade policy to promote climate friendly products and discourage carbon-intensive commodities 30, 809

Congress should legislate a food waste ban in landfills, using Vermont's University Recycling Law as a model 30, 819

Congress should legislate an ambitious federal energy efficiency resource standards to serve as a national goal for electric and natural gas utilities 9, 231

Congress should legislate giving schools with child nutrition programs to prefer climate friendly agricultural products 30, 821

Congress should legislate loan guarantees by DOE for renewable gas projects 26, 683

Congress should legislate PACE program support through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac 23, 612

Congress should legislate PACE program support through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac 23, 612

Congress should legislate that residential solar PV and other resources presumptively qualify for benefits under PURPA 23, 614

Congress should legislate that residential solar PV and other resources presumptively qualify for benefits under PURPA 23, 614

Congress should legislatie solar access rights 19, 522

Congress should legislatively incorporate relevant international decarbonization labeling standards or requirements 8, 211

Congress should levey an excise tax on HFCs 34, 910

Congress should lower EQIP payment cap for animal feeding operations 30, 804

Congress should mandate or EPA should develop a carbon program more restrictive than the Clean Power Plan to lead to nuclear generation contemplated by DDPP projections 21, 556

Congress should modify EQIP by requiring more sustainable farming approaches 30, 803

Congress should offer voluntary certification programs for farmers with best management of nitrogen 35, 939

Congress should only adopt decarbonization law that comply international trade rules 8, 210

Congress should phase out favorable tax treatment for fossil fuel resources, and extend favorable tax treatments for energy consumption reduction investments 23, 612

Congress should phase out favorable tax treatment for fossil fuel resources, and extend favorable tax treatments for energy consumption reduction investments 23, 612

Congress should preclude FERC and other agencies from permitting conditions that would materially modify water releasee schedules at non-powered dams 22, 592

Congress should preserve renewable energy tax incentives to advance decarbonization and electrification of new buildings 10, 272

Congress should preserve renewable energy tax incentives to advance decarbonization and electrification of new buildings 10, 272

Congress should prevent unavoidable visual and aesthetic impacts should not be used to deny wind energy permits 18, 475

Congress should prioritize funding for conservation programs with the greatest climate benefits, while eliminating funding for environmentally harmful operations 30, 794

Congress should prioritize funding for gas capture at landfills as compared to wastewater plants 33, 899

Congress should prohibit contracts for govt. purchases that can't demonstrate they didn't contribute to deforestation 25, 668

Congress should prohibit state and local governments from banning renewable energy projects 18, 482

Congress should promote BATs to increase process efficiency of industrial sectors 12, 305

Congress should promote increased material efficiency through the Federal Energy Management Program under EISA 12, 325

Congress should promote methods to calculate embodied carbon emissions by material and manufacturing processes 12, 322

Congress should promote product category rules and metrics to promote recycling, resue, and substitution in additon to end-of-life extension 12, 322

Congress should protect right of landowners to install solar technologies without significant restrictions 19, 522

Congress should provide for states to participate as a cooperating agency with FERC in hydropower environmental reviews 22, 587

Congress should pursue industrial sector policies aimed at efficient end use, decarbonization, and others 12, 302

Congress should pursue material efficiency strategies 12, 324

Congress should redirect EQIP funds to favor emissions reductions and carbon sequestration 30, 804

Congress should reform RFS to only support biofuels with significant climate benefits 30, 809

Congress should reform the RFS approach to include a multiplier for per-unit emissions reductions 27, 702

Congress should reinstate federal hybrid vehicle tax credit 15, 401

Congress should repeal the EU ETS Probition Act 16, 441

Congress should repeal the EU ETS Probition Act 16, 441

Congress should require all shipts to track and report all GHGs emitted to support development of efficiency ranking 17, 455

Congress should require EIA to annually report progress towards electric sector decarbonization 23, 614

Congress should require EIA to annually report progress towards electric sector decarbonization 23, 614

Congress should require federal agencies to accelerate implementation of positive train control regulations for rail efficiency 15, 414

Congress should require federal agencies to consider the future impacts of climate change on forests 31, 834

Congress should require federal agencies to consider the future impacts of climate change on forests 31, 834

Congress should require FERC and other agencies to give "equal consideration" to the climate benefits of hydropower 22, 584

Congress should require LCA to incentivize decarbonization in the production and delivery of liquid fuels 27, 702

Congress should require participation of workers in sectoral reemployment initiatives 24, 640

Congress should require that firms publicly report emissions data by material 12, 322

Congress should require the Farm Service Agency and the Farm Credit System to favor credit for climate friendly practices recognized by NRCS 30, 813

Congress should require transportation plans to establish targets for reducing GHGs and VMTs consistent with goals 13, 335

Congress should require USDA to support climate mitigation efforts, and disseminate climate friendly practices and crops 30, 794

Congress should resist efforts to amend RCRA to exempt animal manure 30, 811

Congress should restor USDA's research funding to its prior share of the budget 30, 796

Congress should review aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impact 16, 432

Congress should review aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impact 16, 432

Congress should review aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impact 16, 432

Congress should review aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impact 16, 432

Congress should review the efficacy of the ITAAC process 21, 566

Congress should revise permitting requirements to reduce project delays 15, 418

Congress should send better price signals regarding the cost of driving, including increased motor fuel taxes 13, 337

Congress should set a national price on GHG emissions 13, 338

Congress should significantly boost funding to support NET research proposals 29, 767

Congress should significantly boost funding to support NET research proposals 29, 767

Congress should stimulate barge and rail investments to displace truck transportation of biofuel feedstocks and biofuels 27, 705

Congress should stimulate investment in barge and rail transport to increase feedstock production 27, 705

Congress should stimulate investment in biofuels receiving terminals to faciliate increase rail transport 27, 710

Congress should structure decarbonization labeling schemes that don't discriminate against foreign imports 8, 211

Congress should subsidize deep decarbonization of the industrial sector through a mix of federal RD&D, tax incentives, equipment standards, voluntary agreements, information based programs 12, 318

Congress should subsidize federal crop insurance on land with best practices for nitrogen use 35, 939

Congress should subsidize mid-range industrial energy efficiency and fuel switching through a sectoral crediting mechanism 12, 319

Congress should supplement carbon pricing with RD&D subsidies for measures toward the high end of the carbon emissions abatement cost curve 12, 310

Congress should support demonstration projects for materials efficiency that reduce emissions 12, 322

Congress should support material efficiency with certification, labeling, standards, preferential purchasing, R&D support 12, 321

Congress should use border tax adjustments complying with GATT Articles I and III as part of a carbon tax or climate policy 8, 208

Congress should use carbon-based border tax adjustments to address leakage concerns in climate policy or cap and trade 8, 208

Congress should use subsidies (preferably without LCRs) to create a renewable energy markets that drives down production costs 8, 206

Congress should use tax policy to promote energy efficiency and to redue use of fossil fuels 9, 232

Congress should utilize a diverse portfolio of legal tools, including carbon pricing and others, to encourge material efficiency 12, 326

Consider should consider an upstream carbon tax that is corrected for captured and stored carbon 12, 309

Contress should maintain tax credits for distributed solar 27, 708

Corporations should adopt TCFD recommendations 24, 646

Corporations should promote achieving 100% of their energy needs from renewables 19, 507

Data center leaders should voluntarily disclose operational performance metrics 9, 253

Data center operators and service providers should ensure that incentives reward efficiency best practices 9, 253

DOE can fund additional research, technology, and development on distribution network and smart grid developments, including energy storage. 20, 542

DOE can take likely transitions in electric power-generating generating sources from fossil fuels to renewable energy into account while designating national interest corridors. 24, 624

DOE could adopt motor and boiler MEPS to address cross-sector leakage under a CAA §115-enacted emissions trading scheme. 12, 302

DOE could disperse funds and support in the form of loans, grants, and equity participation, based on where the technology improvement falls along the abatement cost curve for an industrial sector. 12, 319

DOE could finance CO2 pipeline expansion. 28, 738

DOE could inventory material flows, also could subsidize recycling, industrial linkage, and co-processing technologies, and facilitate agreements among firms and state and local governments that pursue resource synergies. 12, 323

DOE could partner with EPA to administer the innovation fund, which would blend elements of the EU ETS New Entrants Reserve and sector-specific programs such as the UK Renewable Heat Incentive. 12, 318

DOE could remove or permit others to remove spent fuel from existing reactor sites and move it to a centralized interim storage or monitored retrievable disposal facility. 21, 568

DOE could support state-specific allocation of credits under industrial sector emissions trading with data gleaned from its Industrial Technologies Program (now Advanced Manufacturing Office). 12, 319

DOE National Laboratories could partner with universities and the General Services Administration to test new technologies. 34, 913

DOE should address energy use attributable to connectivity and the potential for connected devices to circumvent efficiency standards without the innovation that connected products can offer. 9, 238

DOE should allow California to implement its own computer efficiency standards. 9, 252

DOE should collaborate with international organizations to harmonize standards on non-renewable material intensity, recycled/reused product content, and recyclability. 12, 322

DOE should consider exercising its authority under EPCA to interpret currently authorized product categories for current standards more expansively. 9, 237

DOE should consider expanding the industrial and commercial products that are covered by DOE standards. 9, 254

DOE should consider Social Cost of Carbon values consistently in all of its efficiency rulemakings and determinations. 9, 237

DOE should continue coordination with the DOE energy-efficiency standards program and Energy Star. Energy Star product ratings should be updated frequently. 9, 238

DOE should continue providing guidance to consumers by maintaining updated versions of programs such as Energy Star for appliances and electrical equipment, and Energy Star for buildings. 10, 272

DOE should continue setting leading-edge energy-efficiency standards for heating, cooling, lighting, and other energy-consuming equipment used in new buildings. 10, 272

DOE should develop suite of energy-efficiency policies that combine complementary energy-efficiency policies that are part of a larger set of decarbonization policies. 9, 219, 232, 247

DOE should educate consumers about Tier 2 energy-efficiency standards for light bulbs and should implement and enforce them fully when they go into effect. 9, 249

DOE should employ a mix of policies to drive material efficiency across the life cycle. 12, 324

DOE should encourage through its work on ZEBs direct investment in the means of production of renewables or power purchase agreements as preferable to purchase of RECs. 10, 272

DOE should encourage use of the most efficient sources and location of renewable energy for ZEBs rather than emphasizing only on-site generation. 10, 272

DOE should establish a national energy-efficiency standard for computers, at California level or higher, once California has adopted its own standard. 9, 252

DOE should expand the federal loan guarantee program to be more extensive in scope, more financially aggressive, and less costly for project developers than the 2005 program. 21, 562

DOE should fund research of innovative ways for buildings to capture as much wind and sunlight as possible within the confines of urban environments to generate decarbonized electricity. 10, 272

DOE should maintain and fully fund the Solid-State Lighting (SSL) program in order to continue to develop the next generation of SSL. 9, 249-250

DOE should make full use of its statutory authority to classify additional consumer products as covered products when the statutory criteria for coverage are met. 9, 234

DOE should modify its Superior Energy Performance initiative to include carbon emissions target setting, material efficiency standards, and reuse and material substitution optimization requirements. 12, 322

DOE should produce a model ZEB-focused energy code. 10, 273

DOE should provide financial support for demonstration projects for materials efficiency that reduce CO2 emissions, such as reusable nanoscale materials in high-volume manufacturing. 12, 322

DOE should reconstitute its project organization for the Yucca Mountain project. 21, 568

DOE should redeploy funding for biofuels research to development of fuels that have high-value uses, such as biomass-based diesel. 27, 703

DOE should reform testing procedures to measure the efficiency of covered products. 9, 237

DOE should release information about applications for its loan guarantee program, e.g. how many applications submitted and criteria upon which projects are awarded or rejected for loan guarantees. 28, 730

DOE should retain the current definition of general service lamp. 9, 249

DOE should update existing standards promptly, as required by EPCA’s statutory schedule of deadlines for amended energy-efficiency standards. 9, 234

DOE, with EPA, should develop and adopt energy-efficiency standards that would apply to the food processing sector. 30, 818

DOI should review and consider acting on the U.S. GAO’s 2015 recommendations for improving the process for approving renewable energy projects on tribal lands. 18, 470

Domestic battery makers should expand production to lower costs and reduce foreign dependence 14, 374

DOT should evaluate ways autonomous vehicles can accelerate the transition to ZEVs. 13, 342

DOT’s Essential Air Service program could take into account communities that will be isolated by rising price of aviation as climate policies are implemented while ensuring that it minimizes emissions. 16, 443

DOT’s Essential Air Service program could take into account communities that will be isolated by rising price of aviation as climate policies are implemented while ensuring that it minimizes emissions. 16, 443

Each state’s legislature should direct its PUC (or other agency with expertise) to conduct a review and make recommendations as to whether retail wheeling of electricity should be allowed. 26, 684

Employers should work with landlors to add AFC charging facilities 14, 369

Environmental groups should develop certification programs for carbon-neutral food products 30, 821

Environmental organizations should ensure that banks are familiar with benefits of carbon-friendly farming for reducing risks 30, 815

EPA and states will need to use more robust emissions monitoring techniques to prevent cheating. 32, 858

EPA can adopt general permits for NETs that will likely have either small or predictable and controlled impacts to the environment. 29, 767

EPA can adopt standardized approval and review procedures for NETs that use common procedures or similar physical designs 29, 767

EPA can explore whether to reduce permitting barriers or environmental review disincentives for laboratory research or limited field testing of NETs. 29, 767

EPA could adopt a regulation for methane emissions from wastewater treatment facilities. 33, 900

EPA could adopt regulations to control methane emissions from active and abandoned coal mines. 33, 890

EPA could adopt regulations under CAA §115 to fix an aggregate limit for industrial carbon emissions that declines to meet deep decarbonization objectives and allows for a variety of compliance options. 12, 317

EPA could amend the RFS to add a “multiplier for per-unit emissions reductions” designed to hasten growth in feedstocks that meet the “near zero” criterion. 25, 665

EPA could choose to tighten rules to require closed cycles in more instances or to apply rules to a broader set of power plants. 24, 631

EPA could consider adoption of new methane regulations for existing oil and gas facilities. 33, 890

EPA could consider use of NET removal of CO2 as an alternative control strategy to consider during selections of BACTs for PSD permits to control emissions of other regulated pollutants. 29, 769

EPA could impose a ban on the use of fossil fuels in power plants. 24, 626

EPA could integrate CAA §115 with existing NSPS and other carbon regulations and allow states to meet a declining cap with reductions in other regions and sectors. 12, 317-318

EPA could inventory material flows, subsidize recycling, industrial linkage, and co-processing technologies, and facilitate agreements among firms and state and local governments that pursue resource synergies. 12, 323

EPA could let a facility offset its CO2 emissions from one of its facilities through that operator’s use of NETs at a different location within the United States. 29, 769

EPA could modify NSPS for new coal-fired units by requiring full CO2 capture (i.e., 90%) beginning in the early 2020s. 28, 736

EPA could promote investigation and deployment of NETs through incorporating them into GHG control permit requirements and emission control standards. 29, 769

EPA could promote reuse of captured CO2 by determining that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant under CWA or CAA or a discarded hazardous waste or substance under RCRA or CERCLA. 29, 769

EPA could promote reuse of captured CO2 by determining that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant under the CWA or CAA or a discarded hazardous waste or substance under RCRA or CERCLA. 29, 769

EPA could put a limit on GHG emissions related to power generation under §§111(d) or 115 of the CAA. 24, 626

EPA could reduce national HFC emissions from do-it-yourself mobile air conditioning by amending its existing rules to adopt California’s deposit and recycling program. 34, 910

EPA could reinstate its NSPS for new oil and gas facilities, if they are rescinded during the Trump Administration. 33, 885

EPA could revise guidance to separate transport and sequestration from the capture facet of CCS so that cost and availability of transport and sequestration do not influence BACT/LAER. 28, 737

EPA could revise its RCRA regulations to prevent landfill operators from venting methane to the atmosphere. 33, 898

EPA could shorten the time frame for which owners and operators of sequestration wells would be liable under the underground injection control program, provided that scientific support for relief is demonstrated. 28, 746

EPA could strengthen NSPS for new NGCCs to require at least partial CO2 capture beginning in the mid-2020s. 28, 730

EPA could, under CAA §115, begin with facility-specific process technology and fuel switching, but also consider material efficiency and carbon management. 12, 317

EPA could, under CAA §115, discourage domestic leakage as well as address transnational double-counting and leakage. 12, 318

EPA could, under CAA §115, draft a federal implementation plan that encourages compliance with a cross-sector emissions trading scheme. 12, 317

EPA could, under CAA §115, examine source categories and cross-sector improvements in energy-intensive industries. 12, 317

EPA could, under CAA §115, set an aggregate limit for national reduction and allocate the limit among states according to proportional cuts or marginal abatement cost 12, 317

EPA regulations under CAA §111(b) and (d) should combine a federal floor (state-specific, mass-based allowance budget to meet emissions reduction-derived targets) with compliance encouraged through carbon trading. 12, 311

EPA regulations under CAA §111(b) and (d) should set emissions limits for the refining, chemicals, steel and other primary metals, and several dozen other sectors through CAA §111(b) and §111(d). 12, 311

EPA should adopt a CO2 emissions standard for aircraft that includes a benchmark intensity system with tradable permits. 16, 433

EPA should adopt a CO2 emissions standard for aircraft that includes a benchmark intensity system with tradable permits. 16, 433

EPA should adopt and implement the International Civil Aviation Organization CO2 standard as domestic law. 16, 425

EPA should adopt and implement the International Civil Aviation Organization CO2 standard as domestic law. 16, 425

EPA should adopt regulations under CAA 111(b) and (d) for industrial source categories that emit a large share of carbon emissions and categories for which technological solutions are identified and cost effective. 12, 312

EPA should also eliminate the use of averaging and require each vehicle to meet the applicable standards. 32, 858

EPA should avoid requiring use of electric power where electricity-sector GHG emissions will exceed any emissions reductions associated with vehicle electrification. 32, 858

EPA should ban sale of small cans of HFC-134a for do-it-yourself service on personal mobile air conditioning and only allow sales to certified technicians employed in shops with appropriate equipment. 34, 910

EPA should collaborate with international organizations to harmonize standards on such matters as non-renewable material intensity, recycled/reused product content, and recyclability. 12, 322

EPA should conduct a review to assess whether PM emissions controls could be strengthened and, if so, EPA should enact new regulations with more stringent controls for new motor vehicles. 32, 858

EPA should conduct an analysis of the impacts of CAA grandfathering on public health and welfare, market competition (i.e., impacts that grandfathering has on nonincumbents), and innovation. 32, 874

EPA should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

EPA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

EPA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

EPA should consider adopting the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation into domestic law. 16, 440

EPA should consider adopting the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation into domestic law. 16, 440

EPA should consider developing a tiered system for Energy Star ratings that distinguishes the most efficient products. 9, 238

EPA should consider imposing regulatory methane emissions limits for concentrated animal facilities. 30, 804

EPA should continue its long-standing practice of deferring to California when reviewing waiver requests. 32, 860

EPA should continue providing guidance to consumers by maintaining programs such as Energy Star for appliances and electrical equipment, and for buildings. 10, 272

EPA should continue to use CAA §202 to regulate mobile sources of nitrous oxide emissions, and should introduce more stringent nitrous oxide emission caps for new motor vehicle fleets. 35, 927

EPA should continue to use its authority to set NSPS to ensure that woodstoves become more efficient and emit less. 32, 875

EPA should continue work on development of an effective Energy Star decarbonization certification system for existing residential and commercial buildings. 11, 294

EPA should craft regulatory options to allow NET research and limited deployment to occur without significant delays from permitting disputes or protracted environmental impact reviews. 29, 768

EPA should design emissions trading programs for industrial carbon emissions within or across industry subsectors to achieve significant environmental justice co-benefits. 12, 326

EPA should develop comprehensive woodstove replacement programs, accompanied by funding necessary to enable low-income access to modern technologies, to accelerate turnover. 32, 876

EPA should develop regulations that would close at least some loopholes caused by CAA grandfathering. 32, 874

EPA should employ a mix of policies to drive material efficiency across the life cycle. 12, 324

EPA should encourage states to execute agreements with natural gas plant operators that, if gas emissions are not declining after 10 years, some mitigation measures will be taken. 23, 615

EPA should establish standards of performance under CAA §111(d) for designated pollutants, the control of which would also reduce black carbon emissions. 32, 874

EPA should evaluate how the Agency could narrow its CAA grandfathering regulations. 32, 874

EPA should evaluate ways autonomous vehicles can accelerate the transition to ZEVs. 13, 342

EPA should impose emissions limitations on both conventional pollutants and GHG emissions from fertilizer production. 30, 817

EPA should in the near term tighten NSPS under the CAA for new coal-fired and NGCC units to levels only achievable with CCS or partial CCS. 28, 730

EPA should initiate a new rulemaking to support its partially vacated 2015 Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Rule. 34, 908

EPA should investigate whether it is feasible to produce diesel with lower black carbon content and whether a systems-based approach could achieve deeper black carbon reductions. 32, 858

EPA should issue GHG standards for new locomotives under existing CAA authority. 15, 407

EPA should mandate that all diesel sources use diesel particulate filters to reduce both PM and black carbon emissions. 32, 858

EPA should mandate that new sources include technology that allows them to operate off of electricity, rather than fuel, wherever feasible. 32, 858

EPA should not attempt to impose direct emissions caps on agricultural and livestock sources until technologies are available that make it possible to accurately verify emissions reductions from these sources. 35, 936

EPA should prioritize development or revision of NESHAPs for source categories that emit black carbon that would be controlled indirectly by MACT-based emission standards for toxic air pollutants. 32, 874

EPA should prioritize regulations that accelerate fleet turnover and otherwise take older and dirtier engines and vehicles off the road. 32, 857

EPA should promulgate fuel economy standards for off-road diesel vehicles such as tractors to reduce their CO2 emissions. 30, 818

EPA should pursue consultation strategies with FERC in the early phases of policy development. 23, 618

EPA should reconsider whether GHG emissions from shipping significantly contribute to air pollution that affects public health and welfare, and adopt appropriate measures. 17, 456

EPA should remove the four-hour exemption after generation during which the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards Rule numerical emission standards do not apply. 24, 632

EPA should replace its “aggregate compliance” approach to ensure that biofuel feedstock is not produced on newly converted cropland with an individualized requirement and not allow conversion of CRP land. 30, 807

EPA should require rebuilt engines to meet contemporaneous emission standards, unless meeting such requirements would be technically impossible. 32, 857

EPA should require states to address the transition from new natural gas plants to deep decarbonization in SIPs related to compliance with any carbon emissions reduction goals. 23, 615

EPA should require stationary sources to install the most effective PM filters and other emissions controls. 32, 874

EPA should resist efforts by the industry to amend RCRA to exempt animal manure. 30, 811

EPA should review RCRA regulations that distinguish materials reused as inputs in manufacturing from those that must be reclaimed before reuse and are therefore considered solid waste. 12, 323-324

EPA should revise its climate pollution BACT guidance to reflect NSPS requirements for partial CCS on coal-fired generators. 28, 737

EPA should seek to regulate nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture and livestock through management standards, rather than direct emission caps, due to complexities of monitoring compliance for these sectors. 35, 930, 936

EPA should strengthen federal standards for fine PM as a strategy to reduce black carbon emissions. 32, 857

EPA should strengthen federal standards for fine PM as a strategy to reduce black carbon emissions. 32, 857

EPA should strengthen its nationwide NPDES regulations in ways that would reduce GHG emissions as well as water pollution. 30, 811

EPA should use CAA §§115, 615, or 111 authority to establish emission caps or performance standards for stationary sources of nitrous oxide emissions, particularly power plants and nitric acid facilities. 35, 933

EPA should use existing CAA authority to create an auction cap-and-trade program giving credit for carbon sequestration in forests, forest products, and soils 31, 837

EPA should use existing CAA authority to create an auction cap-and-trade program giving credit for carbon sequestration in forests, forest products, and soils 31, 837

EPA should use existing CAA authority to create an auction cap-and-trade program giving recognition that use of low-use wood from sustainably managed forests will not add CO2 to the atmosphere. 31, 837

EPA should use its authority under CAA §§115 or 615 to issue nationwide regulations respecting the control of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soil management and livestock. 35, 933

EPA should use its regulatory tools for hazardous air emissions to also reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture. 30, 811

EPA should use the definition of BACT to push sources that propose to use dirty fuels, such as coal and diesel, to replace them with cleaner fuels, such as renewable energy, biogas, and biodiesel. 32, 860

EPA should use the definition of BACT to push sources that propose to use dirty fuels, such as coal and diesel, to replace them with cleaner fuels, such as renewable energy, biogas, and biodiesel. 32, 860

EPA, in partnership with state agencies or municipalities and private sector, could fund cost of replacing older HDVs with newer vehicles that are more fuel-efficient and aerodynamic. 15, 400

EPA, with DOE, should develop and adopt energy-efficiency standards that would apply to the food processing sector. 30, 818

EPA, with NHTSA, could interpret CAA and EISA to require production and sale of hybrid, fuel cell, or battery-electric HDVs, and establish for HDVs a program similar to CARB’s LDV ZEV program. 15, 394

EPA, with NHTSA, should consider establishing a post-2027 HDV and engine GHG/fuel economy regulatory program. 15, 394

EPA, with partners, should continue and strengthen its SmartWay program to cost-effectively improve efficiency of HDVs currently in use. 15, 402

EPA, with state environmental agencies, could establish a clearinghouse for the exchange of information about gas capture systems, including their costs and benefits. 33, 899

EPA’s 2016 CAA regulations for methane emissions from municipal solid waste landfills could be retained and made even more stringent. 33, 898

Existing insurers can expand their products. More insurers can enter the market 28, 747

FAA could redesign its Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program to ensure that mitigation and adaptation to climate change are core program priorities. 16, 435

FAA could redesign its Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program to ensure that mitigation and adaptation to climate change are core program priorities. 16, 435

FAA could review all the taxes and charges placed on the aviation industry with the objective of considering whether they are adequate in light of aviation’s climate impact. 16, 432

FAA could review all the taxes and charges placed on the aviation industry with the objective of considering whether they are adequate in light of aviation’s climate impact. 16, 432

FAA could review all the taxes and charges placed on the aviation industry with the objective of considering whether they are adequate in light of aviation’s climate impact. 16, 432

FAA could review all the taxes and charges placed on the aviation industry with the objective of considering whether they are adequate in light of aviation’s climate impact. 16, 432

FAA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

FAA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

FAA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

FAA should reconsider its guidelines on state aviation taxes and redesign them to allow states to adopt appropriate taxes to reduce aviation emissions. 16, 443

FAA should reconsider its guidelines on state aviation taxes and redesign them to allow states to adopt appropriate taxes to reduce aviation emissions. 16, 443

FAA should reconsider its guidelines on state aviation taxes and redesign them to allow states to adopt appropriate taxes to reduce aviation emissions. 16, 443

FAA should reconsider its guidelines on state aviation taxes and redesign them to allow states to adopt appropriate taxes to reduce aviation emissions. 16, 443

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could adopt incentives to encourage owners to obtain energy audits 11, 286

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could require energy audit certifications to meet minimum energy efficiency standards 11, 289

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should consider requiring an energy audit for existing homes which they sell the loans on the secondary-mortgage market 11, 286

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should rescind Federal Housing Finance Agency action that discriminates against PACE-encumbered properties in the secondary mortgage market 11, 299

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should return to accepting mortgages subject to unsuboridinated PACE liens 5, 140

Federal agencies could adopt a lending program similar to the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program that is directed at rural renewable energy projects. 5, 139

Federal agencies could explore possibility of offering liability protections for negative emissions technology operators that meet size, operational, and safety requirements. 29, 768

Federal agencies could grant review preference to renewable projects that meet specified conditions. 18, 478

Federal agencies could increase staffing to review applications for new wind and solar capacity. 18, 478

Federal agencies could require fewer project-specific EIS for renewable energy projects by, for example, the more strategic use of programmatic EIS. 18, 478

Federal agencies could streamline permitting and improve interagency coordination for integrated CCS projects. 28, 737

Federal agencies should consider adopting loan programs similar to the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program that are aimed at development of more efficient renewable energy production. 5, 138

Federal agencies should consider the positive impacts of renewable energy in making decisions under NEPA. 18, 479

Federal agencies should continue implementing “Guiding Principles for Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings” adopted pursuant to EO 13423 that requires energy monitoring that provides at least daily data on energy use. 10, 272

Federal agencies should continue to invest in more fuel-efficient, lower carbon-emitting vehicles. 15, 422

Federal agencies should cooperate with private entities on development of protocols or standards for best management practices for controlling nitrous oxide emissions. 35, 939

Federal agencies should implement requirement in EISA that federal buildings reduce fossil fuel use measured against 2003 benchmark by 100% by 2030, and the goal that new commercial buildings achieve zero net energy by 2030. 10, 272

Federal agencies should require advanced inverter capabilities and remote inverter programming. 19, 505

Federal agencies should structure reviews of new wind and solar capacity so that they can be completed as quickly as reasonably possible. 18, 478

Federal agencies should work cooperatively with states on distribution-side developments to ensure that grid operations remain stable as more distributed energy is added to the grid. 20, 542

Federal agencies such as DOE should further a decarbonization strategy tied to climate change mitigation consistent with the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Trade Representative. 8, 215

Federal agencies, including DOT and NHTSA, must ensure that nationwide deployment of autonomous vehicles that are able to better conserve fuel will not be hindered by a patchwork of inconsistent state requirements. 15, 399

Federal agencies, such as EPA, FERC, or DOE, should codify and provide one-stop help with respect to permit, building, fire, and other requirements for rooftop PV and storage. 19, 507

Federal agricultural and environmental agencies should educate farmers about management strategies that improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce fertilizer requirements, and reduce nitrous oxide emissions. 35, 938

Federal and/or state environmental regulators should consider countervailing environmental costs of new regulatory requirements on rail if such requirements are not coupled with similarly stringent requirements on HDVs. 15, 416

Federal Crop Insurance Corporation should consider the climate impact of practices when establishing policies and premiums. 30, 801

Federal Crop Insurance Corporation should require publicly funded crop insurance policies to treat GHG-intensive practices as risk-enhancing and reduce or eliminate premium subsidies accordingly. 30, 801

Federal energy-efficiency actions should be coordinate with state, city, industrial, utility, and private actions to the extent possible 9, 231

Federal government agencies such as USDA and Treasury should provide loan guarantee programs to carbon-reducing technologies for as long as necessary so they can be deployed at scale. 5, 144

Federal government should incentivize microgrid development 19, 495

Federal government should promote standardization of nuclear power plant designs 21, 564

Federal government should strive for 100% renewable energy purchases 19, 507

Federal govt. could pay "book value" to close GHG-emitting facilities 24, 635

Federal govt. could promote regulations for plastic recycling facilities to minimize leakage of nanomaterials and other substances 7, 195

Federal govt. lending should offer more favorable rates to farmers doing climate-friendly farming 30, 794

Federal govt. promote autonomous vehicles to maximize GHG reductions, including in combination with other transportation modes 13, 342

Federal govt. should account for materials and solid waste management in developing carbon markets 7, 194

Federal govt. should address safety standards, regulations, and liability regimes for autonomous vehicles 14, 378

Federal govt. should adopt efficiency standards for new buildings 6, 170

Federal govt. should adopt policies promoting flexible work schedules for employees, and inform and incentivize private employers 13, 340

Federal govt. should adopt policies to reduce demand for energy services, no just efficiency 3, 108

Federal govt. should adopt reforms to reorient transportation and investment decision-making to minimize tree, wetland, and other carbon sink impacts 13, 347

Federal govt. should assess all near-term decisions against long-term goals to minimize carbon lock-in and stranded assets 1, 38

Federal govt. should assess changes to Jones Act based on GHG emissions 17, 457

Federal govt. should authority to require carbon performance information on energy projects whenever possible 6, 177

Federal govt. should authority to require carbon performance information on energy projects whenever possible 6, 177

Federal govt. should be able to demonstrate that LCRs were the only options available to meet the policy objectives, regardless of being trade- restrictive 8, 205

Federal govt. should better link transportation and land use, including transit-oriented development 13, 347

Federal govt. should consider "cash for clunkers" program paid for through a carbon tax 14, 380

Federal govt. should consider adopting CA's ZEV mandates 14, 377

Federal govt. should consider best practice regulations to manage nanomaterials in the waste stream 7, 195

Federal govt. should consider design requirements on electronic products to facilitate circular economy 7, 195

Federal govt. should consider feed-in tariffs if they comply with trade rules 8, 201

Federal govt. should consider mandates for climate-friendly farming practices to receive federal benefits 30, 810

Federal govt. should consider nuclear subsidies comparable to renewable subsidies 21, 560

Federal govt. should consider product eco-labeling to promote a circular economy 7, 194

Federal govt. should consider subsidizing existing nuclear plants 21, 560

Federal govt. should consider technology mandates as a last resort when objective is clear and other options aren't available 4, 117

Federal govt. should continue PTC, or assess need for new similar incentives to promote growth of renewables 5, 137

Federal govt. should continue R&D to promote low GWP cooling and refrigeration technologies 34, 915

Federal govt. should coordinate with states and private sector to to promote technological change 4, 127

Federal govt. should create programs to train EV employees 14, 379

Federal govt. should develop a federal siting process for CO2 pipelines, but provide opt-out option 28, 739

Federal govt. should develop market mechanisms that fund farmers to sequester carbon or reduce emissions 30, 814

Federal govt. should devote more transportation funding to alterantives to driving, and increase funding to multi-modal transportation choices 13, 344

Federal govt. should direct more infrastructure spending to existing communities 13, 347

Federal govt. should do integrated planning across stakeholders 1,38

Federal govt. should educate consumers about alternative fueled vehicles 14, 379

Federal govt. should eliminate interconnection fees and contracts 19, 503

Federal govt. should enact procurement rules to ensure energy-efficient shipping of purchases 17, 457

Federal govt. should encourage R&D to make existing pipeline systems ethanol or biodiesel compatible 27, 710

Federal govt. should ensure that any LCRs should meet one or more exceptions in GATT Article XX 8, 205

Federal govt. should ensure that its shipping of goods maximizes emissions reductions 17, 457

Federal govt. should expand procurement of AFV and hybrid vehicles 14, 375

Federal govt. should expedite approvals of clean technologies 4, 116

Federal govt. should focus HDV grants on advanced engine technologies and fueling infrastrucutre to expand access to zero and near-zero emission technologies 15, 404

Federal govt. should fully fund Energy Start and invest in labeling, RD&D, and accelerator programs on lighting 9, 250

Federal govt. should fund methane management programs at landfills, and prioritize gas-to-energy systems 33, 896

Federal govt. should fund programs to replace wood burning stoves with zero-emission replacements 32, 876

Federal govt. should fund programs to replace wood burning stoves with zero-emission replacements 32, 876

Federal govt. should fund R&D for carbon reduction technologies 4, 118

Federal govt. should fund R&D into adaptation strategies, prioritizing those that reinforce mitigation strategies 30, 795

Federal govt. should halt fossil fuel leasing and drilling on federal lands 24, 644

Federal govt. should implement FAST Act provisions for renewable energy projects 18, 478

Federal govt. should impose meaningful restraints on electricity emissions 21, 556

Federal govt. should incentivize clearer transportation alternatives 13, 344

Federal govt. should incentivize distributed renewable resourcds 19, 495

Federal govt. should incentivize infill, renovation, and redevelopment 13, 347

Federal govt. should invest in financial incentives to promote efficient lighting 9, 251

Federal govt. should lead in UNFCCC to set aviation sector goal in light of Paris temperature goals 16, 441

Federal govt. should lead in UNFCCC to set aviation sector goal in light of Paris temperature goals 16, 441

Federal govt. should make emissions reductions core to all travel and aviation policies 16, 435

Federal govt. should make emissions reductions core to all travel and aviation policies 16, 435

Federal govt. should maximize efficiency of existing infrasturcutre through intelligent transport systems 13, 336

Federal govt. should meet requirements of GATT Art. III if it adopts LCRs 8, 207

Federal govt. should negotiate air service agreements to allow taxation of fuel in international aviation 16, 440

Federal govt. should negotiate air service agreements to allow taxation of fuel in international aviation 16, 440

Federal govt. should negotiate air service agreements to allow taxation of fuel in international aviation 16, 440

Federal govt. should negotiate air service agreements to allow taxation of fuel in international aviation 16, 440

Federal govt. should offer income tax credits for new or used AFVs 14, 375

Federal govt. should prioritize demand reduction and operations to reduce flight emissions over actions that could increase non-CO2 GHGs 16, 442

Federal govt. should prioritize demand reduction and operations to reduce flight emissions over actions that could increase non-CO2 GHGs 16, 442

Federal govt. should prioritize funding and development of AFCs under the FAST Act 14, 367

Federal govt. should prioritize the fastest growing AFV market rather than promoting hydrogen fuel cell vehicles 14, 371

Federal govt. should promote disclosure of GHG emissions of shopping and shipping alternatives 13, 340

Federal govt. should promote generational-scale lifestyle changes to promote decarbonization, and head off the reverse 3, 109

Federal govt. should promote generational-scale lifestyle changes to promote decarbonization, and head off the reverse 3, 109

Federal govt. should promote generational-scale lifestyle changes to promote decarbonization, and head off the reverse 3, 109

Federal govt. should promote generational-scale lifestyle changes to promote decarbonization, and head off the reverse 3, 109

Federal govt. should promote green leases, improved LCA information dissemination, and other strategies to increase use of energy-efficienct home equipment technologies 3,106

Federal govt. should promote household renewable energy systems, products with low life cycle emissions 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote pay-as-you drive insurance 13, 338

Federal govt. should promote R&D to reduce battery costs 14, 374

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. fuel use feedback devices and eco-driving eduction 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. fuel use feedback devices and eco-driving eduction 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. fuel use feedback devices and eco-driving eduction 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced emissions from existing and new vehicles, e.g. fuel use feedback devices and eco-driving eduction 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote reduced GHG emissions through speed limits and enforcement 13, 336

Federal govt. should promote strategies for motor vehicle efficiency, including energy labeling and supply chain pressures from fleet buyers 3, 107

Federal govt. should promote teleworking and telecommunting 13, 339

Federal govt. should promote uptake of energy-efficient buildings, including energy audits and energy rating sytems 3, 106

Federal govt. should promote urban growth boundaries and density and urban infill requirements 25, 658

Federal govt. should ratify the Kigali Amendment through Executive Order or CAA 34, 907

Federal govt. should reduce barriers to NETs while protecting public safety 29, 767

Federal govt. should reduce barriers to NETs while protecting public safety 29, 767

Federal govt. should remove infrastructure barriers to double-stacking of rail containers 15, 414

Federal govt. should require bioenergy companies demonstrate sustainable operations to receive federal approvals 25, 669

Federal govt. should require companies to consider the possibility their investments will be stranded 24, 644

Federal govt. should require companies to consider the possibility their investments will be stranded 24, 644

Federal govt. should restrict use of HFCs in building efficiency programs 34, 913

Federal govt. should subsidize clean energy technologies, and remove fossil fuel and non-sustainable subsidies 4, 119

Federal govt. should support a global cap on shipping emissions 17, 459

Federal govt. should support an international fuel tax for shipping within IMO 17, 456

Federal govt. should support CCS-generated electricity 28, 726

Federal govt. should support low GHG fertilizer production 30, 817

Federal govt. should support NETs in conjunction with other decarbonization strategies 29, 766

Federal govt. should support NETs in conjunction with other decarbonization strategies 29, 766

Federal govt. should support transmission systems to connect to nuclear power sites 21, 567

Federal govt. should tighten fuel economy and GHG emissions standards for light-duty motor vehicles 14, 377

Federal govt. should transition Highway Trust Fund from a gasoline tax to a PAYD or VMT system, alongside rising gasoline taxes 14, 382

Federal govt. should use carbon tax funds as a source of revenue for social and transition support 24, 641

Federal govt. should use eco-labels to inform consumers 8, 210

Federal govt. should use government competitions and prizes to incentivies low carbon technologies 4, 120

Federal govt. should use green bonds to support financing of carbon reducing technologies 5, 142

Federal govt. should use LCA in energy efficiency programs and regulations 34, 913

Federal govt. should use some carbon tax revenues to help workers and communities in LCT 24, 641

Federal govt. should use tax policy to discourage GHG emissions, and increase carbon sequestration 30, 794

Federal govt. should use tax policy to encourage companies and individuals to manage forestland to sequester carbon 31, 844

Federal govt. should use tax policy to encourage companies and individuals to manage forestland to sequester carbon 31, 844

Federal govt. should use tax policy to encourage companies and individuals to manage forestland to sequester carbon 31, 844

Federal govt. should use tax policy to encourage companies and individuals to manage forestland to sequester carbon 31, 844

Federal govt. should work to minimize laws and policies that are arbitrary or unjusifiable or a disguised restriction on international trade 8, 205

Federal govt. should work with EU on joint aviation emissions reduction measures 16, 441

Federal govt. should work with EU on joint aviation emissions reduction measures 16, 441

Federal govt. should work with states and private sector to assess and adjust incentives like the investment tax credit to promote new technologies 5, 138

Federal govt. should work with states and private sector to understand impact of incentives like PTC on renewable energy growth 5, 137

Federal govt. should work with states to standarize EV charges 14, 369

Federal govt. should work within IMO to create climate finance funds to assist developing countries with mitigation and adaptation 17, 460

Federal land management agencies could implement climate change mitigation and adaptation programs through broad, discretionary authority provided by existing organic acts. 31, 833

Federal land management agencies should develop prescribed burn protocols and land management strategies to minimize the net warming caused by emissions of fine PM and CO2. 32, 877

Federal land management agencies should develop prescribed burn protocols and land management strategies to minimize the net warming caused by emissions of fine PM and CO2. 32, 877

Federal land managers should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

Federal land managers should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

Federal rail and truck regulators should more closely coordinate with foreign counterparts at the U.S. border. 15, 419

Federal regulators should avoid unilateral measures that distinguish between domestic goods and services from “like” imports unless they can show that these goods and services are not competitively substitutable. 8, 209

Federal regulators should consider countervailing environmental costs of new regulatory requirements on rail if requirements are not coupled with stringent requirements on HDVs. 15, 416

Federal regulators should implement technical regulations and standards connected to decarbonization strategies that comply with the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement. 8, 203

Federal regulators should implement technical regulations and standards connected to decarbonization strategies that do not discriminate against imported products. 8, 203

Federal regulators should implement technical regulations and standards that are not more restrictive on trade than is necessary to meet legitimate objective of regulations and standards. 8, 203

Federal safety regulators should consider countervailing environmental costs of new regulatory requirements on rail if requirements are not coupled with stringent requirements on HDVs. 15, 416

FERC can fund additional research, technology, and development on a range of distribution network and smart grid developments, including energy storage. 20, 542

FERC can require that wholesale rates include a carbon adder set at a level intended to reflect the social cost of carbon. 24, 630

FERC can require that wholesale rates include a carbon adder set at a level intended to reflect the social cost of carbon. 24, 630

FERC can require that wholesale rates include a carbon adder set at a level intended to reflect the social cost of carbon. 24, 630

FERC can require that wholesale rates include a carbon adder set at a level intended to reflect the social cost of carbon. 24, 630

FERC could require the establishment of RTOs throughout the country. 6, 161

FERC needs to consider the carbon impacts of its approval of electric power and natural gas projects, including the social cost of carbon. 23, 616-617

FERC needs to encourage grid operators to base energy dispatch decisions on reliability, energy security, and environmental attributes of power supply resources, rather than on short-term marginal economic costs of energy. 23, 616

FERC should accept principle that grid-edge resources can submit bids in RTO markets (and bear tariff consequences if they fail to meet them) for specified portions or capabilities of grid-edge resources. 6, 161

FERC should adopt a policy statement calling for a higher rate of return on the equity investment in pipelines that are dedicated to the delivery of ethanol and biofuels. 27, 710

FERC should clarify continued permissibility of state clean energy incentives and subsidies unless FERC expressly preempts them (e.g., via adjudicative order or adoption of notice- and-comment rule). 23, 617

FERC should clarify how its nondiscrimination standard under FPA §§205 and 206 (which require just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory rates) will apply to a decarbonized grid. 23, 615

FERC should clarify PURPA’s application to non-dispatchable resources such as solar and wind and avoid granting broad waivers to PURPA mandatory buyback and avoided cost obligations. 23, 617

FERC should consider stranded assets when assessing proposals for fossil fuel infrastructure that will be paid 26, 688

FERC should continue and then complete ongoing efforts to fully value the benefits of nuclear power. 21, 557

FERC should continue to work toward nondiscriminatory “market participation models” that take account of the specific characteristics and capabilities of grid-edge resources. 6, 161

FERC should encourage RTOs to adopt a grid system reliability adder reflecting carbon attributes of energy resources in setting transmission rates for the sale of energy in interstate wholesale power markets. 23, 615

FERC should issue a policy statement finding that interconnections for renewable power facilities presumptively meet the agency’s public interest standard. 23, 615

FERC should issue new avoided cost guidelines that provide states presumptive ways to comply with PURPA by identifying avoided cost values for energy resources based on grid system attributes. 23, 617

FERC should monitor compliance with FERC Order 1000 to ensure that state RPS and other policies re power generation decisions are taken into account in the regional transmission planning process. 23, 615

FERC should pursue consultation strategies with EPA in the early phases of policy development. 23, 618

FERC should require pipeline operators seeking to apply stricter quality standards to renewable gas than natural gas to provide a valid justification for that choice. 26, 688

FERC should work cooperatively with states on distribution-side developments to ensure that grid operations remain stable as more distributed energy is added to the grid. 20, 542

FERC, with DOE, can use existing authority to expand the interstate grid to assist with deep decarbonization efforts. 20, 542

FHA could require energy audit certifications for FHA-insured home mortgage loans that the homes meet minimum energy-efficiency standards. 11, 289

FHA could, in lieu of a legal requirement for an energy audit, adopt voluntary incentives to encourage owners to obtain energy audits. 11, 286

FHA should consider requiring an energy audit for existing homes for which it insures mortgages. 11, 286

FHA should return to purchasing, refinancing, and insuring mortgages secured by properties that are subject to unsubordinated PACE liens. 5, 140

FHwA should launch a pilot program to facilitate energy-efficient mortgages and rehabilitation mortgages at interest rates below market rate for standard home mortgage loans. 11, 299

FHwA should modify street design standards to make them more flexible and context-sensitive in order to promote non-motorized transportation. 13, 345

FHwA should reinstate a 2017 rule requiring state and regional planning agencies to track carbon emissions from vehicles traveling on the National Highway System. 13, 335

For non-road sources already subject to regulation, EPA should assess whether fine PM emissions controls could be strengthened and, if so, EPA should enact new regulations with more stringent emissions controls. 32, 858

For non-road sources already subject to regulation, EPA should assess whether fine PM emissions controls could be strengthened and, if so, EPA should enact new regulations with more stringent emissions controls. 32, 858

Forest Stewardship Council should include standards to maximize the potential for forestry CCS 31, 843

Forest Stewardship Council should include standards to maximize the potential for forestry CCS 31, 843

Fossil fuel companies should end management incentives based on hydrocarbon production and reserve indicators 24, 646

Fossil fuel companies should end management incentives based on hydrocarbon production and reserve indicators 24, 646

Fossil fuel companies should have to disclose how they would transition to a 2oC carbon pricing regime, and what will happen to their business models and assets in a 2oC world 24, 645

Fossil fuel companies should have to disclose how they would transition to a 2oC carbon pricing regime, and what will happen to their business models and assets in a 2oC world 24, 645

Foundations should focus investment to accelerate a broader range of carbon farming practices 30, 815

Foundations should support research on climate-friendly practices, in addition to funding new carbon farming organizations 30, 815

FWS could develop standard methodologies under the ESA for mitigation of harms from particular kinds of utility-scale projects. 18, 486

FWS should consider the positive environmental impact of renewable energy in granting mitigation credit under the ESA §10 process. 18, 486

FWS should continue to develop techniques to reduce bird and bat mortality from wind turbines. 18, 486

FWS should enhance species impact databases and standardized metrics for take assessment under the ESA. 18, 486

FWS should expand types of compensatory mitigation allowed for renewable energy project impacts on wildlife. 18, 486

FWS should issue incidental take permits under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act so that renewable project operators do not face criminal prosecution if they take required precautions but some birds die. 18, 486

FWS, with DOJ, should negotiate agreements with project applicants making clear that no enforcement actions will be taken against any renewable projects that fulfill specified protective measures. 18, 486

GSA should adjust the Federal Acquisition Regulation to require that contracts related to procurements of electricity or transportation fuel from bioenergy utilize feedstocks that meet decarbonization criteria. 25, 668

GSA should fully implement EISA requirement that federal buildings reduce fossil fuel use measured against a 2003 benchmark by 100% by 2030, and meet goal that new commercial buildings achieve zero net energy by 2030. 10, 272

GSA should retain its 2016 Facilities Standards that require all new federal buildings to attain LEED Gold (Version 4) certification, as a minimum. 10, 272

HUD should maintain the PowerSaver Loan Program and consider expanding it to commercial spaces to increase its impact. 5, 139

HUD should return to purchasing, refinancing, and insuring mortgages secured by properties that are subject to unsubordinated PACE liens. 5, 140

If a later president reissues the CPP and if key provisions have not been invalidated by the courts, EPA needs to strengthen it to achieve implementation of either of the DDPP scenarios for CCS. 28, 733

If a state legislature decides to adopt an LCR for decarbonization, it could limit the LCR to government procurement, particularly if it is linked to decarbonization policies or protection of public health. 8, 205

If a state’s utility regulation does not allow power purchase agreements for supplying new buildings with renewable energy, state legislatures should authorize purchases to facilitate movement to low-carbon electrification for heating and hot water as part of the net-zero building process. 10, 273

If a state’s utility regulation does not allow power purchase agreements for supplying new buildings with renewable energy, state legislatures should authorize purchases to facilitate movement to low-carbon electrification for heating and hot water as part of the net-zero building process. 10, 273

If advanced non-light water reactor technology will be ready, NRC may need to accelerate development of a regulatory framework for that technology to support substantial new deployment by 2050. 21, 563

If bans are not feasible, state legislatures should set seasonal restrictions to time agricultural burning to weather conditions that may lessen the warming impact of black carbon. 32, 877

If bans are not feasible, state legislatures should set seasonal restrictions to time agricultural burning to weather conditions that may lessen the warming impact of black carbon. 32, 877

If climate change disclosure litigation is resolved favorable to Massachusetts attorney general, the Massachusetts AG should require securities disclosures to include discussion of possible asset stranding related to climate regulation. 24, 645

If climate change disclosure litigation is resolved favorable to Massachusetts attorney general, the Massachusetts AG should require securities disclosures to include discussion of possible asset stranding related to climate regulation. 24, 645

If climate change disclosure litigation is resolved favorable to New York attorney general, the NY AG should require securities disclosures to include discussion of possible asset stranding related to climate regulation. 24, 645

If climate change disclosure litigation is resolved favorable to New York attorney general, the NY AG should require securities disclosures to include discussion of possible asset stranding related to climate regulation. 24, 645

If Congress adopts an LCR for decarbonization, it could limit it to government procurement, particularly if linked to decarbonization policies or protecting public health 8, 205

If EPA does not tighten NSPS in the near term, EPA should adopt regulations that encourage CCS retrofits in addition to CCS deployment at new builds. 28, 730

If federal agencies that enforce regulatory standards responsible for reducing GHG emissions seek to achieve deep decarbonization targets, they should adopt standards to ensure they are consistent with deep decarbonization pathways. 4, 116

If NHTSA proceeds with a rulemaking making safety assessments mandatory or if revisions are made to federal motor vehicle safety standards to reflect increasing deployment of automated vehicles, the agency must ensure that regulations balance safety with fuel-efficient vehicle operation. 15, 399

If state legislation is unclear regarding “need” and “public use,” state PUCs can interpret those terms to encompass regional need and regional public use as well as clean energy goals within the state or region. 20, 543

If state legislation is unclear regarding “need” and “public use,” state PUCs can interpret those terms to encompass regional need and regional public use as well as clean energy goals within the state or region. 20, 543

If state statutes standardizing permitting costs and creating uniform processes for distributed generation thermal technologies are not enacted, state agencies should create model ordinances or best practices for local level. 19, 519

If the federal government does not do so, state PUCs should compile all building, fire, and other installation requirements into one consolidated source that reconciles inconsistencies. 19, 507

If the federal government does not do so, state PUCs should compile all building, fire, and other installation requirements into one consolidated source that reconciles inconsistencies. 19, 507

Impact investors and foundations should focus on investment on accelerating carbon farming practices 30, 815

In approving policies related to energy markets, FERC needs to be attentive to upstream implications in state approval of new power plants that may produce carbon emissions, including natural gas plants. 23, 616-617

In areas where RTOs currently exist, an RTO could potentially serve as a regional siting authority for interstate transmission lines. 20, 541

In cost-of-service rate-regulated environments, state legislatures and state utility commissions can ease financing burdens by allowing early cost recovery through rates for new nuclear plant development costs. 21, 561

In cost-of-service rate-regulated environments, state PUCs can ease financing burdens by allowing early cost recovery through rates for new nuclear plant development costs. 21, 561

In cost-of-service rate-regulated environments, state PUCs can ease financing burdens by allowing early cost recovery through rates for new nuclear plant development costs. 21, 561

In drafting new preferential trade agreements, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) should consider lessons that can be learned from the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement. 8, 215

In the absence of federal action, state legislatures should enact statewide solar access protection statutes. 19, 522

In the absence of legislative action, state agencies involved in permitting renewable gas production facilities should enter into an agreement clarifying their roles and providing for greater cooperation, to the extent allowed by law. 26, 686

In the absence of legislative action, state energy agencies should enter into an agreement with state PUCs and environmental agencies to clarify their roles in permitting renewable gas-gathering pipelines and provide for greater cooperation, to the extent allowed by law. 26, 686

In the absence of legislative action, state environmental agencies should enter into an agreement with state PUCs and energy agencies to clarify their roles in permitting renewable gas-gathering pipelines and provide for greater cooperation, to the extent allowed by law. 26, 686

In the absence of legislative action, state PUCs should agree with state environment and energy agencies to clarify respective roles in permitting renewable gas-gathering pipelines and provide for greater cooperation to extent allowed by law. 26, 686-687

In the absence of legislative action, state PUCs should agree with state environment and energy agencies to clarify respective roles in permitting renewable gas-gathering pipelines and provide for greater cooperation to extent allowed by law. 26, 686-687

In the NAFTA renegotiation, USTR should advocate increasing the electricity trading relationship between US and Canada and improving the transnational grid to allow for increased two-way flow of cleaner energy sources. 8, 214

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Individuals could purchase very high quality offsets when they decide to fly 16, 437

Industrial energy-efficiency actions should be closely coordinate with other energy efficiency actions 9, 219

Instead of employing a quasi-judicial approach, state PUCs should structure decisionmaking on rates and other policies to encourage participation by all interested parties and broad forward-planning perspectives. 19, 505

Instead of employing a quasi-judicial approach, state PUCs should structure decisionmaking on rates and other policies to encourage participation by all interested parties and broad forward-planning perspectives. 19, 505

Land conservation agencies should ensure that easement conditions encourage climate-friendly practices and that farmers’ efforts to mitigate climate change do not conflict with easements. 30, 816

Land conservation agencies should ensure that easement conditions encourage climate-friendly practices and that farmers’ efforts to mitigate climate change do not conflict with their easements. 30, 816

Land grant institutions should expand research, education, and assistance programs designed to spread climate-friendly practices 30, 797

Land grant institutions should provide funding for climate-friendly practices 30, 794

Land grant universities should prioritize funding for monitoring, measurement and verification of soil carbon 30, 815

Landowners could create transmission corridor districts to increase landowner buy-in to transmission projects 20, 545

Large private actors should use their purchasing power to drive demand for AFCs 14, 375

Locaities should make it possible for buses and light rail to move faster than motor vehciles 13, 345

Local Governments Should also Promote the Creation of More Clean Energy Jobs in Coal Country. 24, 640

Local govts. can incentivize carbon sequestration on corporate and private lands through tax deducations and credits 31, 844

Local govts. can incentivize carbon sequestration on corporate and private lands through tax deducations and credits 31, 844

Local govts. can incentivize carbon sequestration on corporate and private lands through tax deducations and credits 31, 844

Local govts. can incentivize carbon sequestration on corporate and private lands through tax deducations and credits 31, 844

Local govts. could assist in acquiring conservation easements for afforestation through dedicated taxes and bond funds 31, 844

Local govts. could assist in acquiring conservation easements for afforestation through dedicated taxes and bond funds 31, 844

Local govts. could enact laws requiring that building owners must retrofit their buildings by electrification if state or federal laws are not obtainable 11, 296

Local govts. could encourage minimally processed plant based options and other climate friendly options at restaurants 30, 822

Local govts. could integrate certification of buildings with energy benchmaking, energy audits, usage disclosures 11, 294

Local govts. could joint the GSA's Green Proving Ground program 34, 913

Local govts. could prioritize low-carbon agricultural products for all govt. bodies 30, 821

Local govts. could require local truck fleets to increase use of lower emitting vehicles 15, 422

Local govts. could require than any bioenergy feedstock used there be certified 25, 668

Local govts. could support using EV batteries in grid use via tax breaks or low or no cost property 14, 372

Local govts. could work with local businesses to identify and propose new technologies to test within the GPG 34, 913

Local govts. Local govts. should emulate cities that have committed to AFV fleets 14, 375

Local govts. shold require energy audits upon sale or rental of homes and commercial properties if state and federal govts. don't 11, 286

Local govts. should adopt advanced building and energy codes to drive down carbon use within the authority granted to them under state rules 10, 274

Local govts. should adopt advanced building and energy codes to drive down carbon use within the authority granted to them under state rules 10, 274

Local govts. should adopt citywide carbon budgets that includes the carbon impact for new buildings 10, 275

Local govts. should adopt citywide carbon budgets that includes the carbon impact for new buildings 10, 275

Local govts. should adopt comprehensive sustainability programs that including GHG reduction plans and incorporate forestland conservation, acquisition, and management 31, 843

Local govts. should adopt comprehensive sustainability programs that including GHG reduction plans and incorporate forestland conservation, acquisition, and management 31, 843

Local govts. should adopt laws from other local govts. on waste from packaging, food scraps, and industrial waste 7, 193

Local govts. should adopt mandatory retrofit laws for existing commercial and residential buildings if state and federal govts. don't 11, 289

Local govts. should allow schools to give a preference to climate-friendly agricultural products for child nutrition programs 30, 821

Local govts. should amend their green purchasing programs to eliminate purchases of HFC-containing equipment where lower GWP options are available 34, 912

Local govts. should assess benefits of comprehensive renewable energy planning taking into account multiple stakeholders 5, 145

Local govts. should assist in R&D toward goal of reducing battery costs

Local govts. should avoid zoning rules that impede renewable energy development, and adopt rules to explicitly facilitate such development 19, 506

Local govts. should ban food waste in landfills, using Vermont's Universal Recycling Law as a model 30, 819

Local govts. should condition tax reductions for agricultural on adoption of climate-friendly practices, with more stringency for larger farms 30, 810

Local govts. should consider a "cash for clunkers" program paid for through a carbon tax 14, 380

Local govts. should consider deplying alternative energy supplier for rural communities in the norther parts of the country 32, 876

Local govts. should consider deplying alternative energy supplier for rural communities in the norther parts of the country 32, 876

Local govts. should consider fully subordinating the priority of their PACE tax liens to the first mortgage lien 11, 299

Local govts. should consider offset programs that preserve forests and meet additionality criteria into any climate policies 25, 664

Local govts. should consider or expand the use of district heading systems 10, 275

Local govts. should consider or expand the use of district heading systems 10, 275

Local govts. should cooperate with private entities to develop protocols and standards for best management practices to control N2O emissions 35, 939

Local govts. should decarbonize their own utility systems they own or operate 10, 275

Local govts. should decarbonize their own utility systems they own or operate 10, 275

Local govts. should develop and fund wood-burning stove replacement programs in favor of low or zero-emission replacement 32, 876

Local govts. should develop and fund wood-burning stove replacement programs in favor of low or zero-emission replacement 32, 876

Local govts. should develop wood-stove replacement programs with funding to enable low-income areas to accelerate turnover 32, 876

Local govts. should develop wood-stove replacement programs with funding to enable low-income areas to accelerate turnover 32, 876

Local govts. should drive policies for material efficiency across the life cycle 12, 324

Local govts. should educate stakeholders in how to pick and plant trees to minimize negative impacts 19, 524

Local govts. should enact building restrictions prohibiting builders from including fireplaces and woodstoves, or at least requiring state-of-the-art woodstoves 32, 876

Local govts. should enact building restrictions prohibiting builders from including fireplaces and woodstoves, or at least requiring state-of-the-art woodstoves 32, 876

Local govts. should enact zoning to protect solar access rights and that give high-density dwellers the option of solar energy 19, 523

Local govts. should encourage PACE programs for commercial buildings 11, 299

Local govts. should encourage service prices and workplace sites to install EV charging stations 14, 369

Local govts. should ensure that land use codes do not categorically prohibit underground installations 19, 520

Local govts. should establish SFOs to lend to or ganize financing for decarbonization projects 6, 180

Local govts. should expand financial and other support for expaneded EV use 14, 367

Local govts. should expand publicy owner forests, focusing on private lands rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

Local govts. should expand publicy owner forests, focusing on private lands rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

Local govts. should expand rail infrastructure investments to reduce choke points 15, 412

Local govts. should funding to incentivize EV charging in residential spaces 14, 368

Local govts. should incentivize access to electrical outlets in multiunit dwellings 14, 368

Local govts. should incentivize cleaner transport alternatives 13, 344

Local govts. should incentivize district heating infrastructure in mixed-use zones 19, 520

Local govts. should include geothermal and district heading in their plumbing and electric codes 19, 520

Local govts. should increase investment in freight transport infrastructure 15, 418

Local govts. should inform farmers about the benefits of alternative practices and consider economic incentives to achieve higher compliance rates 32, 877

Local govts. should inform farmers about the benefits of alternative practices and consider economic incentives to achieve higher compliance rates 32, 877

Local govts. should invest in programs to educate farmers about win-win measures for reduce nitrogen use and N2O emissions 35, 938

Local govts. should mandate or encourage development that incorporates or is adaptable to DB 19, 506

Local govts. should mandate that new commercial buildings of a certain size achieve the equivalent of at least LEED Gold 10, 274

Local govts. should mandate that new commercial buildings of a certain size achieve the equivalent of at least LEED Gold 10, 274

Local govts. should mandate, promote, or incentivize investments in diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

Local govts. should mandate, promote, or incentivize investments in diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

Local govts. should modify street designs to promote non-motorized transportation and "complete streets" 13, 345

Local govts. should offer income tax credits for new, used, or retrofitted AFVs 14, 375

Local govts. should partner with electric companies to encourage fuel switching 11, 296

Local govts. should prohibit idling of all vehicles, in particular heavy-duty vehicles 32, 866

Local govts. should prohibit idling of all vehicles, in particular heavy-duty vehicles 32, 866

Local govts. should promote clean energy jobs in coal country 24, 640

Local govts. should promote teleworking and telecommting through assistance, training, funding, and tax credits 13, 339

Local govts. should provide financial incentives for distributed renewable resources 19, 495

Local govts. should regulate urban and suburban forests to conserve land and enhance carbon sequestration 31, 843

Local govts. should regulate urban and suburban forests to conserve land and enhance carbon sequestration 31, 843

Local govts. should require considering farm owners to comply with basic climate-friendly practices to receive tax benefits 30, 810

Local govts. should require energy use disclosures for larger commercial buildings, and require that benchmarking information is publicly available 10, 274

Local govts. should require energy use disclosures for larger commercial buildings, and require that benchmarking information is publicly available 10, 274

Local govts. should require reporting of carbon performance for energy projects under their jurisdiction 6, 177

Local govts. should require reporting of carbon performance for energy projects under their jurisdiction 6, 177

Local govts. should stimulate investment in barge and rail transport to allow increased use of rail transport in feedstock production 27, 795

Local govts. should stimulate investment in biofuels receiving terminals to facilitate increase use of rail transport 27, 710

Local govts. should support building codes that promote best energy efficiency practices and required energy consumption disclosure to buyers 6, 170

Local govts. should support carbon reducing technologies through green bonds (5, 141) Local govts. should authorize green banks 5, 140

Local govts. should switch when feasible to district heading and cooling 10, 275

Local govts. should switch when feasible to district heading and cooling 10, 275

Local govts. should take the actions listed in Going Solar in America, a report from the North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center 19, 507

Local govts. should use LC climate performance account in energy efficiency programs and regulation 34, 913

Local govts. should use tax policy to discourage agricultural practices that increase emissions, and to increase carbon sequestration 30, 794

Local govts. should utilize dedicated taxes to acquire and manage forestlands to maximize their ability to sequester carbon 31, 843

Local govts. should utilize dedicated taxes to acquire and manage forestlands to maximize their ability to sequester carbon 31, 843

Local govts. with fleets, e.g. trash and recycling trucks, should deploy lower GHG emitting vehicles 15, 422

Local zoning boards should specifically address development of renewable gas production facilities 26, 682

Localities should alterat or eliminate sprawl-inducing zoning provisions, and revamp zoning and building costs to promote more compact mixed-use development 13, 347

Localities should amend zoning provisions to trim or eliminate free parking requirements 13, 339

Localities should better link transportation and land use, including promotion of transit-oriented development 13, 347

Localities should consider incentives to encourage TNCs to use ZEVs 13, 341

Localities should designate parking spaces for car-sharing vehicles 13, 341

Localities should eliminate free street parking, raise rates, and consider demand-based parking prices 13, 339

Localities should funding retroffiting streets to make them more inviting to cyclists and pedestrians 13, 346

Localities should incentivize infill development, building renovations, and redevelopment of declining or abandoned areas 13, 347

Localities should include N2O on list of covered GHGs in connection with efforts to control GHG emissions 35, 937

Localities should increase permissible density, streamlining approvals, and reducing parking requirements for transit-oriented development 13, 347

Localities should invest more infrastructure spending in existing communities 13, 347

Localities should offer preferntial rates for carpools and vanpools 13, 340

Localities should promote geothermal systems, and evaluate geothermal mandates in comparison to other alternatives 19, 520

Localities should promote initiatves to improve agricultural and livestom management practices to control N2O emissions, including regulations, incentives, and technical support 35, 937

Localities should remove supplemental tazes and transaction fees for car-sharing vehicles 13, 341

Localities should require TNCs to submit data for better assessment of VMT, emissions and transit impacts 13, 341

Localities should shorten wait times for transit rather than expanding geographic coverage 13, 344

Major federal facilities on the coastlines, such as large naval bases, should consider committing to purchasing power from offshore wind facilities. 18, 475

Mayors could issue Executive Orders to purchase CCS product energy, or increase clean energy purchases where CCS present 28, 725

More utilities should consider a rebate model to facilitate use of new technologies in consumer sector 5, 139

MPOs should adopt a "fix it first" approach to existing infrastructure 13, 336

MPOs should fund "complete streets" including retrofits to make them more inviting to cyclists and pedestrians 13, 345

Multi-tenant data center stakeholders should establish and implement a green lease contract template to incentivize energy savings 9, 253

Municipal utilities and electric cooperatives should divest ownership of coal-fired generating units 24, 634

National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) should prioritize funding for research into agroecology. 30, 795

NGOs should create model ordinances and best practices for permitting distributed generation resources if states don't do it 19, 520

NGOs should educate tree planters about tree shadows, picking the right species, etc. to minimize negative impacts 19, 524

NGOs should set 100% renewable energy goals to help promote distributed generation 19, 506

NHTSA, with EPA, could interpret CAA and EISA to allow the production and sale of hybrid, fuel cell, or battery-electric HDVs, and establish for HDVs a program similar to CARB’s LDV ZEV program. 15, 394

NHTSA, with EPA, should consider establishing a post-2027 HDV and engine GHG/fuel economy regulatory program. 15, 394

NIFA should immediately begin offering resources for carbon farming within the extension system, as it does for other issues, such as weed control and youth education. 30, 798

NIFA should increase funding for climate mitigation and adaptation, shifting research funding to projects designed to reduce GHG emissions or increase carbon sequestration, while improving soil health. 30, 795

NIFA should work with states to ensure that extension agents are knowledgeable about climate-friendly practices and fund specialists who focus on climate mitigation practices to ensure in-house expertise. 30, 798

Nonprofits promoting decarbonization should educate consumers nationally regarding geothermal and distrct heading 19, 521

Nonprofits should develop certification programs for carbon-neutral food product 30, 821

Nonprofits should prioritize funding for monitoring, measuring, verifying soil carbon 30, 815

Not for profit sectors should work with researchers to standardize soil carbon measurement techniques 30, 816

NRC could establish (or Congress could impose) time lines for reviews of combined license applications referencing a standard design certification to reflect the reduced scope of issues for review. 21, 565

NRC must encourage—or even require—standardization of nuclear power plant designs to the maximum extent feasible. 21, 564

NRC should consider steps to control review costs, consistent with its current statutory obligations. 21, 563

NRC should refine its “backfit rule” to give future investors and operators confidence that new requirements will be controlled and imposed only when there is new experience and clear safety benefit. 21, 566

NRC should restaff its regulatory organization for the Yucca Mountain project and complete its administrative hearing process for licensing the project. 21, 568

NRC should—consistent with the Atomic Energy Act and NEPA—eliminate contested hearings on NEPA issues (or at least move them forward in the process). 21, 565

NRCS should create a funding pool similar to its Organic Initiative to support carbon farming and establish guidelines for determining whether an applicant is transitioning to carbon farming. 30, 804

NRCS should modify EQIP by requiring greater representation of sustainable farming approaches on working groups and allocating more funds to practices demonstrated to have the greatest benefits. 30, 803

NRCS should revise the CSP to prioritize low-carbon practices and to create a funding pool for farmers transitioning to, or practicing, carbon farming. 30, 805

Oil and gas organizations other than API could develop programs for controlling methane emissiona, and specify emissions reduction targets 33, 886

Or Other Innovative Approaches to Enhance the Ability of Developers to Obtain Financing for New Nuclear Power Plants. 21, 561

Philanthropic sector should support soil carbon measurement techniques 30, 816

Philanthropies should ensure that banks are familiar with the risk reduction benefits of carbon farming 30, 815

Philanthropies should support agricultural banks in lending for climate friendly practices 30, 815

Philanthropists should focus invesment on accelerating carbon farming practices 30, 815

PHMSA could update their existing regulations to require the prompt detection and repair of all leaks. 33, 888

PHMSA should adopt more stringent repair requirements for renewable gas pipelines to minimize pipeline leaks and associated costs. 26, 689

Pirvate actors should target more energy-efficient home equipment, green leases, better LCC information 3, 106

Ports should differentiate port charges or fees based on GHG emissions of particular ships 17, 458

Ports should reduce ground transportation emissions 17, 458

Private actors should adopt RPS and increase to beyond 50% 23, 610

Private actors should adopt RPS and increase to beyond 50% 23, 610

Private actors should assess all decisions against long-term goals to minimize carbon lock-in an stranded assets 1, 38

Private actors should coordinate with governments to carefully plan technological change inducement programs 4, 127

Private actors should engage in integrated planning across stakeholders to achieve deep decarbonization 1, 38

Private actors should modify acquisition rules for electricity and transportation fuel to utilize feedstocks that meet decarbonization criteria 25, 668

Private actors should offer employees incentives for cleaner transport alternatives, e.g. free or discounted transit fares 13, 344

Private actors should offer residential charging stations at apartment buildings and other locations 14, 374

Private actors should permit employees to receive cash in lieu of parking subsidies 13, 344

Private actors should promose household renewable energy systems, low LC emission purchases, through social media and marketing 3, 107

Private actors should promote disclosure of emissions of shopping and shipping alternatives 13, 340

Private actors should promote emissions reductions from new and existing buildings and homes, e.g. through monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Private actors should promote emissions reductions from new and existing buildings and homes, e.g. through monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Private actors should promote emissions reductions from new and existing buildings and homes, e.g. through monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Private actors should promote emissions reductions from new and existing buildings and homes, e.g. through monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

Private actors should promote emissions reductions in motor vehicles, e.g. through fuel use feedback devices, and development of eco-driving education programs 3, 107

Private actors should promote energy efficient buildings, including energy audits and rating systems 3, 107

Private actors should promote motor vehicle efficiency through labeling and fleet purchases 3, 107

Private actors should tackle generational-scale lifestyle changes to facilitate deep decarbonization 3, 109

Private actors, through carbon markets, should account for GHG reductions from materials and solic waste management 7, 194

Private companies could require bioenergy feedstocks to be certified 25, 668

Private companies should adopt policies to promote car-sharing 13, 341

Private companies should offer preferential parking for carpools and vanpools 13, 340

Private donors should support research on climate-friendly practices, and new organizations devoted to carbon farming 30, 815

Private foundations could pay utilities "book value" for fossil fuel plants, or negotiate with private owners to close them 24, 635

Private landowners could draft conservation easements to encourage forest management for carbon capture 31, 844

Private landowners could draft conservation easements to encourage forest management for carbon capture 31, 844

Private organizations should invest in programs to educate farmers about win-win measures for fertilizer efficiency and emissions reductions 35, 938

Private partices should document the broad impacts of CAA grandfathering and make recommendations for reform 32, 874

Private partices should document the broad impacts of CAA grandfathering and make recommendations for reform 32, 874

Private parties and public entities could use litigation to abate nuisances from black carbon emitters 32, 874

Private parties and public entities could use litigation to abate nuisances from black carbon emitters 32, 874

Private parties can encourage CCS generated electricity through PPAs 28, 726

Private sector could require companies to consider possibility their fossil fuel assets could be stranded 24, 644

Private sector could require companies to consider possibility their fossil fuel assets could be stranded 24, 644

Private sector energy efficiency actions should be coordinate with other such actions 9, 219

Private sector in partnership with others could fund the cost of replacing older HDVs with more fuel efficient vehciles 15, 400

Private sector should assist in R&D toward goal of reducing battery costs 14, 374

Private sector should compile all enacted building, fire, and other installation requirements into one consolidated source to reconcile inconsistencies 19, 507

Private sector should consider integrating offset programs that preserve forests and meet additionality criteria (in the absnece of a federal cap and trade rgime) 25, 664

Private sector should develop protocols, regulation, incentives for autonomous vehicles to maximixe GHG reducations 13, 342

Private sector should fund R&D projects for a circular economy 7, 194

Private sector should prioritize support for expanding faster growing AFV market, rather than promoting a lagging hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market 14, 371

Private sector should promote teleworking and telecommuting as well as flexible work schedules 13, 339

Private sector should research nanomaterials in waste streams 7, 195

Private sector should work with governments to assess and adjust incentives like investment tax credit to promote technology advancement 5, 138

Private sector should work with governments to understand effects of incentives like PTC on renewable technology growth 5, 137

Private stakeholders should create programs to train EV employees 14, 379

Project developers could create transmission corridor districts to increase landowners buy0in for transmission projects 20, 545

Public fuel stations should carry spare batteries or fuel cells that can be traded out of AFCs 14, 369

Public private partnerships involving universities could improve efficiency of feedstock production and delivery 27, 705

Public utilities should create and administer clear, data-driven roadmaps to cross-sector deep decarbonization to ensure emissions reduction goals are met on time and at reasonable cost 1, 38

Ratepayers could purchase and close fossil fuel plants from utilities or private owners 24, 635

Regional authorities should incentivize N2O emissions reductions in designing cap and trade programs 35, 936

Regional emissions trading programs should drive material efficiency across the life cycle 12, 324

Regional emissions trading systems could address interstate leakage through harmonized state standards not covered by federal mandates 12, 319

Regional emissions trading systems for industrial carbon emissions should achieve significant environmental just co-benefits 12, 326

Regional planners should figure out what it would take to phase out fossil-fuel generation 24, 624

Regional transit authorities should adopt measures to shorten wait times for transit 13, 344

Regional transmission operators should complete ongoing efforts to fully value benefit of nuclear 21, 557

Regions can collaborate to coordinate expansion of the CO2 pipeline network 28, 738

Renewable energy developers siting facilities in minority communities should pay them to reduce environmental justice concerns 18, 482

Restaurants should offer expanded low-carbon options, making climate-friendly diets more convenient and affordable 30, 821

RTOs and ISOs should enact market rules to accommodate participation of energy storage (including hydro pumped storage) in energy markets, consistent with FERC’s final rule. 22, 596

RTOs and ISOs should establish new products and reform existing products that would adequately compensate ancillary services such as those provided by hydropower. 22, 596

RTOs can help facilitate demand response and energy storage through creating rules, incentives, and frameworks to encourage investment in these technologies. 20, 542

RTOs should work cooperatively with states on distribution-side developments to ensure that grid operations remain stable as more distributed energy is added to the grid. 20, 542

Rural electric cooperatives should divest ownership of their coal-fired genrating units 24, 634

Scientific community and wind industry should develop techniques to reduce bird and bat mortality from wind turbines 18, 486

SFOs should assume appropriate contracts for customers they assist 6, 179

SFOs should ensure that savings and carbon performance of utility energy efficiency programs are being achieved 6, 171

Shareholders can press fossil fuel companies to make greater disclosures 24, 645

Shareholders can press fossil fuel companies to make greater disclosures 24, 645

Solar indusstry should protect consumers for thrid-party ownership contracts 19, 524

Standards and code-making bodies should ensure rapid and safe deployment of new low GWP cooling technologies and equipment 34, 915

State agencies and authorities can often take on task of sponsoring financing programs and serving some or all of the functions of an SFO. 6, 180

State agencies could streamline permitting and improve interagency coordination for integrated CCS projects. 28, 714

State agencies could study how role of coal and natural gas in the generation mix will likely change or should change in the next several decades in light of GHG reduction goals. 24, 623

State agencies should amend their rules to address the permitting of renewable gas production facilities. 26, 690

State agencies should design any offset program to ensure that it reduces net emissions and spurs investment in climate-friendly practices. 30, 817

State agencies should develop modeling rules that capture energy efficiency of geothermal systems and help agencies determine whether a geothermal heating mandate makes sense. 19, 520

State agencies should promote programs like LEED that recognize buildings for meeting energy-efficiency goals 10, 274

State agencies should promote programs like LEED that recognize buildings for meeting energy-efficiency goals 10, 274

State agencies should promote programs like LEED that recognize buildings for meeting energy-efficiency goals 10, 274

State agencies should protect consumers with guides and fair resolution processes for third-party ownership contracts. 19, 524

State agencies should provide information on ways to minimize the costs of ZEBs 10, 274

State agencies should provide information on ways to minimize the costs of ZEBs 10, 274

State agencies should provide information on ways to minimize the costs of ZEBs 10, 274

State agencies should provide training opportunities through community colleges, universities, vocational schools, and other educational institutions on high-efficiency and ZEB construction practices, as well as passive solar techniques. 10, 274

State agencies should provide training opportunities through community colleges, universities, vocational schools, and other educational institutions on high-efficiency and ZEB construction practices, as well as passive solar techniques. 10, 274

State agencies should require advanced inverter capabilities and remote inverter programming 19, 505

State agencies should work in cooperation with private entities on development of protocols or standards for best management practices for controlling nitrous oxide emissions. 35, 939

State agencies, state utility commissions, and public utilities should create clear, data-driven roadmaps to cross-sector deep decarbonization to ensure emissions reduction goals are met on time and at reasonable cost. 1, 38

State agricultural agencies could provide funding for, and otherwise support, research into new methane emissions reduction techniques from enteric fermentation. 33, 891

State agricultural agencies should conduct outreach to farmers about the benefits of alternative practices and potentially offer economic incentives to achieve higher compliance rates. 32, 877

State agricultural agencies should conduct outreach to farmers about the benefits of alternative practices and potentially offer economic incentives to achieve higher compliance rates. 32, 877

State agricultural agencies should invest in technical support programs aimed at educating farmers about “win-win” measures—specifically, management strategies that improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce fertilizer requirements, and reduce nitrous oxide emissions. 35, 938

State and local govts. should adopt separate energy-efficiency mandates for utilities to reduce total and peak consumption 23, 610

State and local govts. should adopt separate energy-efficiency mandates for utilities to reduce total and peak consumption 23, 610

State and local govts. should adopte separate energy efficiency mandate with utilities to reduce total and peak consumption 23, 610

State and local govts. should adopte separate energy efficiency mandate with utilities to reduce total and peak consumption 23, 610

State and local govts. should use procurement powers to incentivize diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

State and local govts. should use procurement powers to incentivize diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

State and local govts. should use procurement powers to incentivize diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

State and local govts. should use procurement powers to incentivize diesel-free or cleaner diesel engines 32, 867

State and local govts. should use their procurement powers to promote diesel-free or cleaner diesel engiens 32, 867

State and local govts. should use their procurement powers to promote diesel-free or cleaner diesel engiens 32, 867

State energy agencies can consider adopting regulations to cost effectively control venting, flaring, and leaks from well sites. 33, 885

State energy agencies can consider adopting regulations to cost effectively control venting, flaring, and leaks from well sites. 33, 885

State energy agencies could strictly regulate the venting and flaring of methane from active and abandoned coal mines within their states. 33, 890

State energy agencies should work with state environmental and other agencies to formulate consistent definitions for renewable gas technologies. 26, 682

State energy agencies, with state PUCs and environment agencies, should consider establishing a voluntary prefiling scheme for permit applications for renewable gas-gathering pipelines. 26, 686

State energy-efficiency action should be coordinated with all other stakeholders' actions 9, 219

State energy-efficiency action should be coordinated with all other stakeholders' actions 9, 219

State environment agencies, with state PUCs and energy agencies, should consider establishing a voluntary prefiling scheme for permit applications for renewable gas-gathering pipelines, similar to that used by FERC. 26, 686

State environmental agencies can adopt: standardized procedures for negative emissions technologies (NETs) that use common procedures or similar physical designs

State environmental agencies can consider adopting regulations to cost effectively control venting, flaring, and leaks from well sites. 33, 885

State environmental agencies can explore whether to reduce permitting barriers or environmental review disincentives for laboratory research or limited field testing of NETs. 29, 767

State environmental agencies can explore whether to reduce permitting barriers or environmental review disincentives for laboratory research or limited field testing of NETs. 29, 767

State environmental agencies charged with developing mitigation plans to receive Volkswagen settlement funds should ensure that settlement funds are deployed as strategically and effectively as possible. 32, 870

State environmental agencies charged with developing mitigation plans to receive Volkswagen settlement funds should ensure that settlement funds are deployed as strategically and effectively as possible. 32, 870

State environmental agencies could consider regulating methane emissions from wastewater treatment facilities. 33, 900

State environmental agencies could promote deployment of NETs through incorporating them into GHG control permit requirements and emission control standards. 29, 769

State environmental agencies could promote deployment of NETs through incorporating them into GHG control permit requirements and emission control standards. 29, 769

State environmental agencies could promote reuse of captured CO2 as a feedstock or commercial product by issuing guidance or a regulatory determination that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant or waste under other federal environmental statutes if reused. 29, 769

State environmental agencies could promote reuse of captured CO2 as a feedstock or commercial product by issuing guidance or a regulatory determination that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant or waste under other federal environmental statutes if reused. 29, 769

State environmental agencies could strictly regulate the venting and flaring of methane from active and abandoned coal mines within their states. 33, 890

State environmental agencies should adopt regulations addressing methane emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. 33, 898

State environmental agencies should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

State environmental agencies should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

State environmental agencies should consider incorporating conservation tillage programs and bans or restrictions on agricultural burns into their SIPs. 32, 877

State environmental agencies should consider incorporating conservation tillage programs and bans or restrictions on agricultural burns into their SIPs. 32, 877

State environmental agencies should develop a strategy to ensure that private diesel fleet owners participate in the Volkswagen mitigation program. 32, 870

State environmental agencies should develop a strategy to ensure that private diesel fleet owners participate in the Volkswagen mitigation program. 32, 870

State environmental agencies should not attempt to impose emissions caps on agricultural and livestock sources until technologies and approaches are available that make it possible to verify emissions reductions from these sources. 35, 936

State environmental agencies should require measurement and verification metering and supervisory control and data acquisition devices that permit accurate measurement of energy savings and carbon performance from utility energy-efficiency programs. 6, 178

State environmental agencies should require stationary sources to install the most effective PM filters and other emissions controls. 32, 874

State environmental agencies should require stationary sources to install the most effective PM filters and other emissions controls. 32, 874

State environmental agencies should work with state energy and other agencies to formulate consistent definitions for renewable gas technologies. 26, 682

State environmental agencies, with EPA, could establish a clearinghouse for the exchange of information about gas capture systems, including their costs and benefits. 33, 899

State environmental authorities should seek to regulate nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture and livestock through management standards, rather than direct emission caps. 35, 930, 936

State foresters should recognize the importance of considering carbon capture, geologic sequestration, and climate change adaptation in management decisions regarding state forests. 31, 824

State foresters should recognize the importance of considering carbon capture, geologic sequestration, and climate change adaptation in management decisions regarding state forests. 31, 824

State governors could use Executive Orders to direct the purchase of CCS produced energy, or raise state purchaes of clean energy where CCS is present 28, 725

State governors could use Executive Orders to direct the purchase of CCS produced energy, or raise state purchaes of clean energy where CCS is present 28, 725

State governors should adopt executive orders mandating HFC use reductions 34, 912

State governors should adopt executive orders mandating HFC use reductions 34, 912

State govt. fleets should invest in deployment of lower GHG emitting vehicles 15, 422

State govt. fleets should invest in deployment of lower GHG emitting vehicles 15, 422

State govt. should encourage low GHG fertilizer production 30, 817

State govt. should encourage low GHG fertilizer production 30, 817

State govts should assess all decisions against long-term goals and pathways, to minimize carbon lock-in and stranded assests 1, 38

State govts. can call upon AFV owners to educate potential AFV purchasers 14, 379

State govts. can call upon AFV owners to educate potential AFV purchasers 14, 379

State govts. can reduce barriers to NETs by uzing condemnation powers for needed land 29, 767

State govts. can reduce barriers to NETs by uzing condemnation powers for needed land 29, 767

State govts. can reduce barriers to NETs by uzing condemnation powers for needed land 29, 767

State govts. consider ways to commit to AFV vhicle fleets 14, 375

State govts. consider ways to commit to AFV vhicle fleets 14, 375

State govts. could incentivize CCS power production through PPA with those plants 28, 726

State govts. could incentivize CCS power production through PPA with those plants 28, 726

State govts. could integrate building certifications with energy benchmarking and other measures 11, 294

State govts. could join GSA's Green Proving Ground Program to expand the technologies assessed 34, 913

State govts. could pay utilities "book value" for GHG-emitting facilities to close them, or negotiate with private owners 24, 635

State govts. could require certification of any bioenergy feedstock 25, 668

State govts. laws should comply with international trade laws 8, 201

State govts. laws should comply with international trade laws 8, 201

State govts. should address generational scale lifestyle changes by promoting positive change and heading off shifts that undermine deep decarbonization 3, 109

State govts. should address generational scale lifestyle changes by promoting positive change and heading off shifts that undermine deep decarbonization 3, 109

State govts. should address standards, regulations, and liability regimes for autonomous vehicles 14, 378

State govts. should address standards, regulations, and liability regimes for autonomous vehicles 14, 378

State govts. should adopt building codes that require best energy-efficiency practices and energy consumption disclosure 6, 170

State govts. should adopt building codes that require best energy-efficiency practices and energy consumption disclosure 6, 170

State govts. should adopt policies promoting flexible work schedules, and inform and incentivize private employers 13, 340

State govts. should adopt policies promoting flexible work schedules, and inform and incentivize private employers 13, 340

State govts. should adopt policies to reduce demand for energy services, not just energy efficiency 3, 108

State govts. should adopt strategies to increase uptake of energy efficient home equipment, including green leases and improved LC cost information 3, 106

State govts. should allow more homeowners to participate in net metering and allow customers to lock-in reates for energy sold back to the grid 5, 145

State govts. should allow more homeowners to participate in net metering and allow customers to lock-in reates for energy sold back to the grid 5, 145

State govts. should amend green purchase programs to eliminate HFC equipment where low GWP options are available 34, 912

State govts. should amend green purchase programs to eliminate HFC equipment where low GWP options are available 34, 912

State govts. should assess the need for new icentives, like the PTC, that would promote renewable energy growth 5, 137

State govts. should assist in R&D to reduce battery costs 14, 374

State govts. should avoid laws containing LCRs 8, 205

State govts. should better link transportation and land use needs and planning 13, 347

State govts. should consider a "cash for clunkers" program that is paid for through a carbon tax 14, 380

State govts. should consider deploying clean energy systems in the northern parts of the country 32, 876

State govts. should consider deploying clean energy systems in the northern parts of the country 32, 876

State govts. should consider feed-in tariffs as long as they comply with trade rules 8, 210

State govts. should consider strategies to increase household renewable energy systems, products with low LC emissions, and targeted marketing 3, 107

State govts. should consider subsidizing nuclear energy comparably to renewables 21, 560

State govts. should consider technology mandates for deep decarbonization, but only as a last result when no other option is available 4, 118

State govts. should coordinate with other govts. and others to induce technology change 4, 127

State govts. should create programs to train EV employees 14, 379

State govts. should develop programs so that autonomous vehicles maximize GHG reductions in combination with other transport modes 13, 342

State govts. should develop strategies for motor vehicle efficiency, including energy labeling and vehicle fleet buying power 3, 107

State govts. should employ policies to drive material efficiency across the life cycle 12, 324

State govts. should encourage companies to enter the circular economy 7, 194

State govts. should encourage fuel switching to electricity 11, 296

State govts. should encourage low-carbon shopping and shipping options through better information 13, 340

State govts. should encourage use of PACE programs to energy efficiency in commercial buildings 11, 299

State govts. should engage in integrated planning between stakeholders 1, 38

State govts. should ensure rapid deployment of low GWP cooling and refrigeration technologies 34, 915

State govts. should ensure that land use codes to not prohibit underground installations 19, 520

State govts. should establish SFOs to finance decarbonization projects 6, 180

State govts. should expand public owned forests, focusing on land rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

State govts. should expand public owned forests, focusing on land rendered economically unproductive by climate change 31, 833

State govts. should expand R&D and assistance to spread climate friendly practices 30, 797

State govts. should fund climate-friendly practices research 30, 794

State govts. should fund gas management systems and landfills, and favor awards to landfills with such systems 33, 896

State govts. should incentivize advanced HDVs through tax credits and rebates 15, 401

State govts. should incentivize companies and individuals to sequester more carbon on forestland 31, 844

State govts. should incentivize companies and individuals to sequester more carbon on forestland 31, 844

State govts. should incentivize decarbonizing hot water delivery 19, 518

State govts. should incentivize distributed resoures 19, 495

State govts. should incentivize infill, renovation, and redevelopment 13, 347

State govts. should incentivize microgrid development 19, 495

State govts. should incentivize planned communities to install district heading 19, 520

State govts. should incentivize R&D to make existing pipelines ethanol or biodiesel compatible 27, 710

State govts. should incentivize the replacement of wood-burning stoves 32, 876

State govts. should incentivize the replacement of wood-burning stoves 32, 876

State govts. should make emissions reductions a goal of all travel and aviation policies 16, 436

State govts. should make emissions reductions a goal of all travel and aviation policies 16, 436

State govts. should make every effort to ensure that LCRs do not constittue arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade 8, 205

State govts. should making sure than any legislation with LCRs meetings one of the exceptions of GATT Article XX 8, 205

State govts. should modify street design practices to promote non-motorized transportation, including adopting "complete streets" laws and policies 13, 345

State govts. should offer financial incentives for cleaner transportation alternatives 13, 344

State govts. should orient transportation planning to minimize impacts on carbon sinks 13, 347

State govts. should prie carbon through a tax or fee or otherwise to allow agricultural producers to earn revenue for climate-friendly practices 30, 814

State govts. should prioritize support for EVs, rather than promoting a lagging hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market 14, 371

State govts. should promote pay-as-you drive insurance policies 13, 338

State govts. should promote reduced carbon emissions in existing and new motor vehicles including fuel use feedback devices and eco-driving education programs 3, 107

State govts. should promote strategies to reduce carbon emissions from existing home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

State govts. should promote strategies to reduce carbon emissions from existing home equipment and buildings, including monthly feedback and information campaigns 3, 107

State govts. should promote teleworking and telecommuting 13, 339

State govts. should promote uptake of energy-efficient buildings including energy audits and energy rating systems 3, 106

State govts. should reduce barriers to NETs while avoiding unwarranted environmental risks 29, 767

State govts. should reduce GHGs through speed limits and enforcement 13, 366

State govts. should remove barriers to double-stacking of rail containers 15, 414

State govts. should require companies to consider possiblity that investments will be stranded 24, 644

State govts. should require farm owners to comply with climate-friendly practices to receive tax benefits 30, 810

State govts. should require local truck fleets to increase use of lower emitting vehicles 15, 422

State govts. should require reporting of carbon performance information on energy projects wherever they can 6, 177

State govts. should require reporting of carbon performance information on energy projects wherever they can 6, 177

State govts. should require that any contracts related to bioenergy utilization meet decarbonization criteria 25, 668

State govts. should restrict use of HFCs in building efficiency programs 34, 913

State govts. should restrict vehicle idling, particularly heavy duty diesl vehicles 32, 866

State govts. should restrict vehicle idling, particularly heavy duty diesl vehicles 32, 866

State govts. should send better price signals regarding the cost of driving, including higher motor fuel taxes 13, 337

State govts. should spend more infrastructure spending in existing communities 13, 347

State govts. should support technology finance through green bonds 5, 141

State govts. should use eco-labels to inform consumers 8, 210

State govts. should use funding and regulations to incentivize EV charging in residential spaces 14, 368

State govts. should use LC performance accounting in energy efficiency programs 34, 913

State govts. should use more transportation funding to provide meaningful alterantive to driving 13, 344

State govts. should use tax policy to discourage agricultural emissions, and increase sequestration 30, 794

State govts. should work other actors to implement incentives like the investment tax credit to promote technological advancement 5, 138

State govts. should work toward 100% renewable energy for their needs 19, 507

State govts. using LCRs should demonstrate they were the only way to meet the policy objectives 8, 205

State land management agencies should develop prescribed burn protocols and land management strategies to minimize the net warming caused by emissions of fine PM and CO2. 32, 877

State land management agencies should develop prescribed burn protocols and land management strategies to minimize the net warming caused by emissions of fine PM and CO2. 32, 877

State land managers should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

State land managers should conduct regional research to understand how black carbon emissions contribute to warming. 32, 877

State laws that contain LCRs should meet national treatment requirements under GATT Article III 8, 205

State legislatures and state agricultural agencies should use conservation tillage programs to reduce agricultural burns. 32, 877

State legislatures and state agricultural agencies should use conservation tillage programs to reduce agricultural burns. 32, 877

State legislatures and/or environmental and energy agencies could strictly regulate venting and flaring of methane from active and abandoned coal mines within the state. 33, 890

State legislatures can consider adopting regulations to cost effectively control venting, flaring, and leaks from well sites. 33, 885

State legislatures could adjust commercial forest management programs to integrate deep decarbonization objectives. 25, 660

State legislatures could adopt legislation permitting facilitywide emissions limits. 15, 421

State legislatures could also allow utilities to charge ratepayers for the cost of industrywide hiring halls and for retraining that bridges the gap between workers’ old skills and new occupations. 24, 640

State legislatures could also allow utilities to charge ratepayers for the cost of industrywide hiring halls and for retraining that bridges the gap between workers’ old skills and new occupations. 24, 640

State legislatures could also allow utilities to charge ratepayers for the cost of industrywide hiring halls and for retraining that bridges the gap between workers’ old skills and new occupations. 24, 640

State legislatures could also allow utilities to charge ratepayers for the cost of industrywide hiring halls and for retraining that bridges the gap between workers’ old skills and new occupations. 24, 640

State legislatures could amend existing laws to direct state PUCs to consider regional and national need as well as clean energy goals in determining whether there is a “need” for a transmission line that will impact the state. 20, 543

State legislatures could authorize environmental agencies to regulate methane emissions from manure management. 33, 895

State legislatures could create or authorize state agencies to provide reinsurance to private bond insurers for pooled credits from low-income energy projects. 6, 181

State legislatures could direct state energy agencies to pay facility operators for the renewable gas they produce, similar to federal Advanced Biofuel Payment Program. 26, 683

State legislatures could establish hiring preferences for displaced coal or coal-fired utility works as part of RPS and energy efficiency mandates 24, 640

State legislatures could impose a nuclear portfolio standard that would co-exist alongside existing RPS or broaden the scope of existing RPS to incorporate all “clean” energy, including nuclear power. 21, 558

State legislatures could make additional funds available to support deployment of anaerobic digesters and other projects to reduce agricultural methane emissions. 33, 893

State legislatures could make clear that merchant transmission line companies can seek siting permits and exercise eminent domain authority under the same conditions as electric utilities. 20, 543

State legislatures could provide tax credits or grant funding to stimulate investment in R&D focused on costs and benefits of pre-transport processing of feedstocks. 27, 705

State legislatures could provide tax credits or grant funding to stimulate investment in R&D leading to improved equipment to harvest, store, and deliver feedstock for biofuels. 27, 705

State legislatures could request assistance from PUCs in promoting EV infrastructure by including EV charger costs in electric rates. 14, 369

State legislatures could require wind, solar, or energy-efficiency companies to give hiring preference to displaced coal or coal-fired utility workers within future renewable energy portfolio standards or energy-efficiency mandates. 24 App A, 640

State legislatures could require within future renewable energy portfolio standards or energy-efficiency mandates hiring preferences for workers dislocated from coal-fired power plants. 24, 640

State legislatures could study how the role of coal and natural gas in the generation mix will likely change or should change in the next several decades in light of GHG reduction goals. 24, 623

State legislatures may develop programs to allow governments to purchase development rights as a means of maintaining forest and agricultural lands. 25, 661

State legislatures or governors should establish state ZEB goals, such as California’s goals under California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards. 10, 274

State legislatures or governors should establish state ZEB goals, such as California’s goals under California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards. 10, 274

State legislatures or state utility commissions could adopt approaches such as public financing and infrastructure support to assist private entities investing in new nuclear projects. 21, 561

State legislatures should act to allow subsidy funds to be combined with private finance to create low-income housing rehabilitation programs that require energy-efficiency standards be met in the rehabilitation process. 6, 181

State legislatures should adopt a price for carbon either through a carbon tax or through cap-and-trade systems that include new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should adopt a price for carbon either through a carbon tax or through cap-and-trade systems that include new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should adopt building or electrical code standards that support use of on-site energy storage to allow more-efficient usage of renewable energy generated on-site at new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should adopt building or electrical code standards that support use of on-site energy storage to allow more-efficient usage of renewable energy generated on-site at new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should adopt legislation mandating that state and local government agencies identify measures to reduce HFC emissions. 34, 912

State legislatures should adopt long-term tax incentives that take into account the life of carbon-reducing energy projects in order to allow stakeholders to plan investments and growth for the future. 5, 138

State legislatures should adopt mandatory retrofit laws for energy conservation and decarbonization in existing commercial and residential buildings if the federal government does not do so. 11, 289

State legislatures should adopt measures to stimulate investment in barge and rail transport that could result in displacement of truck transportation for biofuel feedstocks and biofuels. 27, 710

State legislatures should adopt measures to stimulate investment in barge and rail transport to allow increased use of rail transport for feedstock production. 27, 705

State legislatures should adopt measures to stimulate investment in biofuels receiving terminals to facilitate increased use of rail transport for biofuels delivery. 27, 710

State legislatures should allow owners of net-zero buildings to charge an energy-efficiency fee that reflects the prorated additional building cost of achieving net-zero status for the building. 10, 273

State legislatures should allow owners of net-zero buildings to charge an energy-efficiency fee that reflects the prorated additional building cost of achieving net-zero status for the building. 10, 273

State legislatures should also promote the creation of more clean energy jobs in coal country

State legislatures should also require the participation of workers and their representatives in sectoral reemployment initiatives. 24, 640

State legislatures should amend forestry laws to encourage tracking of carbon capture to facilitate the process of valuing carbon sequestration in any offset market created by carbon tax legislation. 31, 843

State legislatures should amend forestry laws to encourage tracking of carbon capture to facilitate the process of valuing carbon sequestration in any offset market created by carbon tax legislation. 31, 843

State legislatures should amend state forestry laws to consider carbon capture and climate change adaptation in management decisions regarding state forests. 31, 837

State legislatures should amend state forestry laws to consider carbon capture and climate change adaptation in management decisions regarding state forests. 31, 837

State legislatures should consider adopting a fertilizer fee that could encourage more judicious use of fertilizer and help fund training on how to ensure no yield losses with less fertilizer and other climate-friendly agricultural practices. 30, 809

State legislatures should consider allowing forest-based bioenergy feedstocks that expand onto currently unforested lands and meet decarbonization criteria to count for at least partial offsets. 25, 664

State legislatures should consider amending existing legislation to remove requirements for nondiscriminatory treatment of renewable and natural gas producers. 26, 686

State legislatures should consider life-cycle assessment and disclosure requirement laws that pertain to the broad sustainability of a product, or more specifically to its carbon carbon footprint. 7, 193

State legislatures should consider modest carbon tax or cap-and-trade program that recognizes private forest carbon capture as an emission offset, exempts emissions from sustainably produced biomass, and imposes tax burden on those who deforest land through conversion. 31, 843

State legislatures should consider modest carbon tax or cap-and-trade program that recognizes private forest carbon capture as an emission offset, exempts emissions from sustainably produced biomass, and imposes tax burden on those who deforest land through conversion. 31, 843

State legislatures should consider vesting developers of geothermal or district heating with eminent domain authority comparable to that provided to other utilities such as natural gas line construction. 19, 520

State legislatures should continue to expand financial and other support infrastructure for expanded use of EVs. 14, 367

State legislatures should continue to use subsidies in the form of tax credits, accelerated depreciation, or cash grants, to help create a market for renewable energy that would eventually drive down some of the production costs. 8, 206

State legislatures should create lending institutions aimed at financing farms and ranches using climate-friendly practices. 30, 815

State legislatures should design any offset program to ensure that it reduces net emissions and spurs investment in climate-friendly practices. 30, 817

State legislatures should designate a lead agency with responsibility for coordinating permitting processes for renewable gas-gathering pipelines. 26, 686

State legislatures should enact laws to recognize and protect the right of landowners to install and operate solar technologies on their properties without significant restrictions. 19, 522

State legislatures should enact legislation authorizing loan guarantees for renewable gas projects. 26, 683

State legislatures should enact RPS that focus not only on the generation of electricity, but also on thermal energy systems that can contribute to decarbonization. 19, 516

State legislatures should enact statutes such as Colorado’s pioneering community gardens model. 19, 525

State legislatures should encourage local governments to take initiative in building clean energy infrastructure, especially if this allows them to draw on tax-free financing options. 23, 611

State legislatures should ensure that cellulosic ethanol feedstocks are only developed on lands where a net gain in bioenergy feedstock carbon sequestration will occur. 25, 661

State legislatures should ensure that costs of responding to wildfires, disease, and other natural disasters do not limit financial ability of state agencies to manage forests effectively for climate change. 31, 837

State legislatures should expand community solar ownership legislation, such as virtual net metering, for all customers. 19, 525

State legislatures should facilitate deployment of solar installations through third-party ownership (TPO) models, by maintaining net metering rate structures and excluding TPOs from the definition of regulated utilities. 19, 524

State legislatures should facilitate deployment of solar installations through third-party ownership models and community solar ownership legislation, such as virtual net metering, for all customers. 19, 524-525

State legislatures should follow the lead of states like California, Hawaii, and Washington in developing advanced building and energy codes that significantly reduce the energy used by new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should follow the lead of states like California, Hawaii, and Washington in developing advanced building and energy codes that significantly reduce the energy used by new buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should help cut costs of deploying all distributed generation thermal technologies by standardizing permitting costs and creating uniform processes. 19, 519

State legislatures should include combined heat and power in their state RPS or energy-efficiency resource standards. 27, 708

State legislatures should maintain or adopt laws such as RPS, net metering, cost of solar tariffs, and renewable energy tax credits that encourage rapid integration of renewable energy into the grid, facilitating low-carbon electrification of new buildings. 10, 274

State legislatures should maintain tax credits favoring investment in distributed solar. 27, 708

State legislatures should mandate and incentivize new energy-efficiency and renewable energy technologies and programs, create incentives that encourage utility customers to participate, and allow utilities to recover the costs of implementing these new technologies. 20, 544

State legislatures should mandate energy storage or provide incentives for utilities and consumers to provide energy storage for grid-connected solar PV. 19, 496

State legislatures should prioritize funding for gas capture at landfills and other facilities in lieu of wastewater treatment plants. 33, 899

State legislatures should promote the creation of more clean energy jobs in coal country. 24 App A, 640

State legislatures should provide in their RPS a stronger incentive for CHP facilities that are fueled by biogas rather than natural gas. 27, 708

State legislatures should provide incentives to encourage the construction of pipelines that are dedicated to the delivery of ethanol and biofuels. 27, 710

State legislatures should purchase abandoned land for reforestation or afforestation. 31, 837

State legislatures should re-envision severance taxes that create natural resource trust funds as tools for phasing down extraction of fossil fuels and raising more near-term resources for social policies. 24, 641

State legislatures should re-envision severance taxes that create natural resource trust funds as tools for phasing down extraction of fossil fuels and raising more near-term resources for social policies. 24, 641

State legislatures should require new buildings to obtain a construction permit or obtain a certificate of occupancy before construction can begin, and require them to meet an “energy-efficiency coefficient.” 10, 273

State legislatures should require that a minimum percentage of energy for large new buildings be derived from renewable energy, unless the building meets stringent low-energy usage criteria such as that for certified passive buildings. 10, 273

State legislatures should revise permitting requirements to reduce project delays. 15, 418

State legislatures should take the further step of including in their RPS a specific carve-out for purchases from CHP facilities. 27, 708

State legislatures should use pay-as-you-drive, VMT options, or a one-time fee charged to EV owners at the time of registration, to help ensure that alternative vehicles contribute to road construction and maintenance. 14, 382

State legislatures that have not authorized green banks should do so. 5, 140

State pipeline safety authorities could update existing regulations to require prompt detection and repair of all leaks. 33, 885

State PUCs can help stabilize and subsidize prices for CCS-generated electricity, including by approvals of rates to help defray cost of CCS and power purchase agreements. 28, 726

State PUCs can help stabilize and subsidize prices for CCS-generated electricity, including by approvals of rates to help defray cost of CCS and power purchase agreements. 28, 726

State PUCs could adopt regulations to ensure that all customers receive information on costs and benefits of switching to electricity 11, 296

State PUCs could adopt regulations to ensure that all customers receive information on costs and benefits of switching to electricity 11, 296

State PUCs could allow for incentive rates or other encouragement to facilitate use by the grid of electricity from EV batteries. 14, 372

State PUCs could allow for incentive rates or other encouragement to facilitate use by the grid of electricity from EV batteries. 14, 372

State PUCs could change existing cost recovery frameworks where they discourage repair by, for example, imposing risk of increased leakage entirely on customers. 33, 889

State PUCs could change existing cost recovery frameworks where they discourage repair by, for example, imposing risk of increased leakage entirely on customers. 33, 889

State PUCs could make clear that merchant transmission line companies can seek siting permits and exercise eminent domain authority under the same conditions as electric utilities. 20, 543

State PUCs could make clear that merchant transmission line companies can seek siting permits and exercise eminent domain authority under the same conditions as electric utilities. 20, 543

State PUCs could offer a lower rate of return on fossil-fueled power plants and a higher return on plants that rely on renewable fuels. 24, 631

State PUCs could offer a lower rate of return on fossil-fueled power plants and a higher return on plants that rely on renewable fuels. 24, 631

State PUCs should adopt renewable gas quality standards that do not operate as a barrier to pipeline transportation. 26, 688

State PUCs should adopt renewable gas quality standards that do not operate as a barrier to pipeline transportation. 26, 688

State PUCs should adopt utility rate designs that align utility interests with energy efficiency, such as decoupling 9, 242

State PUCs should adopt utility rate designs that align utility interests with energy efficiency, such as decoupling 9, 242

State PUCs should authorize utilities to install smart meters 10, 274

State PUCs should authorize utilities to install smart meters 10, 274

State PUCs should consider adopting special electricity rates customized to homes with geothermal systems. 19, 521

State PUCs should consider adopting special electricity rates customized to homes with geothermal systems. 19, 521

State PUCs should consider possibility of stranded assets when assessing proposals for fossil fuel infrastructure that will be paid for by ratepayers, such as electric transmission lines and generating facilities. 24 app B, 645

State PUCs should consider possibility of stranded assets when assessing proposals for fossil fuel infrastructure that will be paid for by ratepayers, such as electric transmission lines and generating facilities. 24 app B, 645

State PUCs should create policies to encourage utilities to speed up the interconnection approval process through streamlined automated procedures and online hosting capacity maps. 19, 504

State PUCs should create policies to encourage utilities to speed up the interconnection approval process through streamlined automated procedures and online hosting capacity maps. 19, 504

State PUCs should direct their regulated electric utilities to evaluate need for and benefits of grid-scale storage such as pumped storage hydro. 22, 596

State PUCs should direct their regulated electric utilities to evaluate need for and benefits of grid-scale storage such as pumped storage hydro. 22, 596

State PUCs should discourage, and perhaps penalize, utilities for delaying or denying approval for DG-plus- storage systems. 19, 502

State PUCs should discourage, and perhaps penalize, utilities for delaying or denying approval for DG-plus- storage systems. 19, 502

State PUCs should eliminate any mandate for natural gas connections in building codes to allow for geothermal or other low-carbon substitutes. 19, 520

State PUCs should eliminate any mandate for natural gas connections in building codes to allow for geothermal or other low-carbon substitutes. 19, 520

State PUCs should encourage utilities to use grid-connected PV (solar) along with distributed battery storage to provide benefits of resilience and emergency backup to their services. 19, 502

State PUCs should encourage utilities to use grid-connected PV (solar) along with distributed battery storage to provide benefits of resilience and emergency backup to their services. 19, 502

State PUCs should expand community solar ownership legislation, such as virtual net metering, for all customers. 19, 525

State PUCs should expand community solar ownership legislation, such as virtual net metering, for all customers. 19, 525

State PUCs should maintain net metering until an alternative rate that measures the true value of solar generation is established. 19, 501

State PUCs should maintain net metering until an alternative rate that measures the true value of solar generation is established. 19, 501

State PUCs should mandate new energy-efficiency and renewable energy technologies and programs, create incentives for these programs, and, where appropriate, allow utilities to recover costs of implementing new technologies and programs. 20, 544

State PUCs should mandate new energy-efficiency and renewable energy technologies and programs, create incentives for these programs, and, where appropriate, allow utilities to recover costs of implementing new technologies and programs. 20, 544

State PUCs should participate in negotiations concerning restructuring of utilities away from vertically integrated, investor-owned monopolies, focused on selling more kWh, to alternative models. 19, 503

State PUCs should participate in negotiations concerning restructuring of utilities away from vertically integrated, investor-owned monopolies, focused on selling more kWh, to alternative models. 19, 503

State PUCs should play a role in restricting utility penalties for solar PV that encourage customer defection. 19, 502

State PUCs should play a role in restricting utility penalties for solar PV that encourage customer defection. 19, 502

State PUCs should provide some process for funding citizen participation in ratemaking negotiations. 19, 505

State PUCs should provide some process for funding citizen participation in ratemaking negotiations. 19, 505

State PUCs should refuse to approve, on public interest grounds, any power purchase agreement that restricts the sale of electricity subject to curtailment. 26, 684

State PUCs should refuse to approve, on public interest grounds, any power purchase agreement that restricts the sale of electricity subject to curtailment. 26, 684

State PUCs should require pipeline operators seeking to apply stricter quality standards to renewable gas than natural gas to provide a valid justification for that choice. 26, 688

State PUCs should require pipeline operators seeking to apply stricter quality standards to renewable gas than natural gas to provide a valid justification for that choice. 26, 688

State PUCs should require utilities to file “distributed resource plans” or locational value maps showing where distributed generation resources are most needed and best deployed. 19, 504

State PUCs should require utilities to file “distributed resource plans” or locational value maps showing where distributed generation resources are most needed and best deployed. 19, 504

State PUCs should support development of infrastructure for expanded use of EVs by acting to bolster utility investment in it. 14, 367

State PUCs should support development of infrastructure for expanded use of EVs by acting to bolster utility investment in it. 14, 367

State PUCs, with state energy and environment agencies, should consider establishing a voluntary prefiling scheme for permit applications for renewable gas-gathering pipelines. 26, 686

State PUCs, with state energy and environment agencies, should consider establishing a voluntary prefiling scheme for permit applications for renewable gas-gathering pipelines. 26, 686

State regulators could consider more flexible cost recovery tools that account for technological change and changing constricution costs 23, 611

State should condition tax reductions for agriculture on more climate-friendly practices, with stricter requirements for larger farms 30, 810

State should require utility planners to include a carbon adder for planning 24, 630

State tovts. could work with business to identify and propose new technologies for GPG testing 34, 913

State utility commissions could adopt public financing and infrastructure support to assist private entities investing in new nuclear projects. 21, 561

State utility commissions could adopt public financing and infrastructure support to assist private entities investing in new nuclear projects. 21, 561

State utility commissions should adopt decoupling mechanisms so that utilities do not receive income in excess of revenue requirement plus earned incentives 6, 166

State utility commissions should adopt decoupling mechanisms so that utilities do not receive income in excess of revenue requirement plus earned incentives 6, 166

State utility commissions should authorize or require “on-bill recovery” of loan payments o for energy projects 6, 181

State utility commissions should authorize or require “on-bill recovery” of loan payments o for energy projects 6, 181

State utility commissions should consider a process for unsolicited proposals from grid-edge resource providers 6, 164

State utility commissions should consider a process for unsolicited proposals from grid-edge resource providers 6, 164

State utility commissions should create clear roadmaps to cross-sector deep decarbonization to ensure emissions reduction goals are met on time and at reasonable cost 1, 38

State utility commissions should encourage local governments to take initiative in building clean energy infrastructure. 23, 611

State utility commissions should encourage local governments to take initiative in building clean energy infrastructure. 23, 611

State utility commissions should encourage utilities to engage in “utility-private partnerships” to procure services from grid-edge resources 6, 152

State utility commissions should encourage utilities to engage in “utility-private partnerships” to procure services from grid-edge resources 6, 152

State utility commissions should establish that customer usage usage belongs to the customer and should be made available promptly at little or no customer expense 6, 177

State utility commissions should promote a business model that provides new sources of revenue and profit consistent with encouraging growth of grid-edge resources 6, 166

State utility commissions should require distribution companies to compile and release information to enable utility-private partnerships and other sales of services to support the distribution grid 6, 177

State utility commissions should require distribution companies to compile and release information to enable utility-private partnerships and other sales of services to support the distribution grid 6, 177

State utility commissions should require measurement and verification metering and control and data acquisition devices that permit accurate measurement of energy savings and carbon performance from utility energy-efficiency systems 6, 171

State utility commissions should require tariffs that make the utility indifferent as to whether the solution is achieved by a utility-private partnership or a wires solution 6, 165

State utility commissions should require utility planning that identifies locations on the distribution systems where location of grid-edge resources can avoid need for additional distribution assets 6, 152

State utility commissions should revise utility revenue requirements approach to promote evolution of the grid 6, 166

State, local and private actors should adopt RPS and ratchet up beyond 50% 23, 610

States able to do so could use NET removal of CO2 as BACT for regulating other pollutants 29, 769

States and regions should establish green banks or similar SFOs 6, 180

States can adopt methane emissions reduction measures 33, 885

States can consider streamling environmental requirements for forest management and biomass energy production 31, 837

States can encourage CHP technologies through incentive programs and energy efficiency resources 9, 254

States can fund R&D on distribution network and smart grid developments 20, 542

States can join forces to tighten coal plan regulation 24, 633

States can promote CCS through CO2 emissions restrictions on new coal and gas units 28, 736

States can voluntarily implement HDV inspection and maintenance programs 15, 405

States chould provide economic payments to bioenergy feedstock producers to sequester more carbon 25, 664

States could adopt CA's deposit and recycling program to reduce HFC emissions from mobile air conditioning 34, 910

States could adopt liability exemptions for renewable energy projects on contaminated lands 18, 476

States could adopt stricted regulations for cooling water systems 24, 632

States could adopt virtual net metering to allow customers to receive utility bill credits from off-site generation systems 5, 146

States could allow community solar systems to sell electricity to multiple consumers via PPAs 5, 146

States could allow generators to offset their CO2 emissions through their NETs somewhere else 29, 769

States could ban new coal-fired generators, and ban or limit natural gas additions 24, 626

States could ban or limit coal mining and oil and gas production 24, 644

States could collaborate regionally to facilitate expansion of the CO2 pipeline network 28, 738

States could collaborate to create LC based climate performance standards for consumer appliances with no federal standars 34, 913

States could create transmission corridor districts to increase land0wner buy-in 20, 545

States could eliminate non-waste forms of biomass as RPS resources 25, 669

States could eliminate utility "right of first refusal" for new transmission lines 20, 543

States could enter interstate compacts for regional signing authorities to approve interstate transmission lines 20, 541

States could extent existing laws to cover more materials, products, and waste categories including demolition waste 7, 193

States could fund anaerobic digester projects 33, 893

States could impose the same requirements on venting and flaring biogas from wastewater treatment as apply to its use in electricity production 33, 900

States could incentivize gas capture from wastewater treatment facilities 33, 900

States could require utilities to enter into PPA for purchasing biogas and biogas electricity, and funding for utility interconnections 33, 894

States could required diesel vehicle retrofit project to go beyond EPA requirements 15, 405

States could trigger provisions that respond to changes in CA's underlying standards 32, 861

States could trigger provisions that respond to changes in CA's underlying standards 32, 861

States could use funding from utility tariffs to encourage materially efficient firms to relocate 12, 325

States govts. should consider carbon removal technologies as a way to attaain RPS targets 29, 768

States govts. should maximize the efficiency of infrastructure through systems management and intelligent transport systems 13, 336

States legislatures should adopt utility rate designs that align utility interests with energy efficiency, such as decoupling. 9, 242

States restricting new coal-fired generation could adopt more stringent limitations including on a life-cycle basis 24, 626

States should add GHG assessments to transport planning to advance decarbonization 13, 335

States should add N2O to list of covered GHGs in any emissions reduction programs 35, 937

States should address geothermal and district heading in their plumbing and electric codes 19, 520

States should address liability issue for car-sharing 13, 341

States should adopt a "fix it first" approach to existing infrastructure 13, 336

States should adopt an ambitious energy efficiency resource standard 9, 241

States should adopt and enforce latest model energy code 9, 250

States should adopt CA's emissions standards, and justify such action locally 32, 861

States should adopt CA's emissions standards, and justify such action locally 32, 861

States should adopt disclosure requirements for data center energy and carbon performance 9, 253

States should adopt federal efficiency standards in the event that federal standards are repealed 9, 244

States should adopt GHG emission requirements for in-use locomotives 15, 411

States should adopt laws to review and approve large-scale renewable energy projects 18, 481

States should adopt more ambitious goals as well as intermediate targets and timetables 7, 193

States should adopt necessary standards for all distributed PV installations 19, 499

States should adopt or enforce rules relating to safe disposal of coal ash by utilities 24, 632

States should adopt or expand net metering programs based on decarbonization attributes of different technologies 23, 610

States should adopt policies requiring reporting on carbon performane of grid-generating assets 6, 178

States should adopt policies requiring reporting on carbon performane of grid-generating assets 6, 178

States should adopt policies to prevent forestland conversion to crops or biofuels, increase ag soil sequestration, and protect watersheds from conversation 25, 661

States should adopt policies to promote data center efficiency 9, 253

States should adopt policies to retrofit and electrify their existing buildings 11, 293;

States should adopt program to encourage companies to employ strategic environmental management practices 9, 253

States should adopt RPS and feed-in tariffs if they haven't 5, 131

States should adopt rules like CA's to encourage renewables projects on disturbed agricultural land 18, 476

States should adopt stricter repair requirements for renewable gas pipelines 26, 689

States should align utility business models with energy efficiency, and provide strong incentives for energy-efficiency performance 9, 219

States should allocate more funding to supporting diesel retrofits and replacements 32, 869

States should allocate more funding to supporting diesel retrofits and replacements 32, 869

States should allow commercial energy uses to participate in wholesale demand responds programs, including through aggregators 20, 543

States should allow customers and local suplier to own and operate generation and distribution 6, 159

States should allow schools to give preference to climate friendly agricultural products 30, 821

States should allow utilities to recover prudent energy-efficiency program costs 9, 241

States should allow utility commissioners and other officials to talk to other agencies and states as part of regional discussions 23, 612

States should analyze how to make fossil fuel workers and regions "whole," and encourage "shared prosperity" to unite community members 24, 641

States should assess the benefits of a comprehensive renewable energy plan 5, 145

States should ban food waste in landfils, using VT's University Recycling Law as a model 30, 819

States should close the loopholders created by grandfathering under the CAA if EPA does not 32, 874

States should close the loopholders created by grandfathering under the CAA if EPA does not 32, 874

States should consider a rebate model to facilitate the use of new technologies in the consumer sector 5, 139

States should consider an RPS for natural gas 26, 680

States should consider approval of low-carbon investment revenue streams to support technologies like CCS 23, 611

States should consider changes to the traditional utility business model, eg New York's Reforming the Energy Vision 9, 242

States should consider electronics repurposing and recycling 7, 195

States should consider imposing N2O standards for power plants and nitric acid production facilities 35, 937

States should consider incentivize to encourage TNCs to use ZEVs 13, 341

States should consider including pumped storage hydro as transmission assets as an alternative to new transmission lines 22, 596

States should consider performance-based ratemaking designs that include incentives for superior energy efficiency performance 9, 242

States should consider policies to regulate, preserve, and expand forest lands 25, 660

States should consider programs like Texas' "competitive renewable energy zones" to expand transmission infrastructure 5, 146

States should consider programs to encourage energy efficiency equpment through tax policy, financial incentives, labeling, and financing 9, 243, States should consider energy-efficiency financing program, e.g. PACE and on-bill financiing programs 9, 243

States should consider seeking waivers to EPCA to establish more stringent state standards 9, 244

States should consider special purpose development distributs or land assembly districts as an alternative to transmission eminent domain 20, 544

States should consider special siting councils for renewable energy projects 18, 481

States should consider taking actions like RGGI and AB32 to actually reduce emissions 24, 628

States should considering implementing a low carbon fuel standard 27, 703

States should create an Office of Energy that align policies aimed at decarbonization 23, 611

States should deploy comprehensive woodstove replacement programs, including for low-income access 32, 876

States should deploy comprehensive woodstove replacement programs, including for low-income access 32, 876

States should design emissions trading programs to achieve significant environmental justice co-benefits 12, 326

States should designate a single agency for all renewable gas permitting 26, 682

States should designate high-occupancy vehicle lanes 13, 340

States should develop "cash for clunker" programs to accelerate turnover of less efficient appliances 9, 239

States should develop building codes that are stricter than federal minimums, and be able to justify the federal preemption 9, 243

States should develop policies to promote more efficient light bulbs 9, 251

States should develop state carbon standards and policies to advance clean energy policies 9, 240

States should develop transportation plans to achieve zero emission transport systems 32, 867

States should eliminate interconnection feeds or individual contracts 19, 503

States should enable customers owning a portion of a community energy project to reduce their billing for the property where they consume electricity 6, 159

States should enact building mandates for ZNE buildings 19, 500

States should enact indirect source rules to limit how stationary sources attract and encourage mobile source emissions 32, 867

States should enact procurement rules to ansure energy-efficiency shipping 17, 457

States should encourage biodiesel production 27, 703

States should encourage service providers and workplaces to install charging stations 14, 369

States should encourage utilities to partner with local generation aggregations 6, 159

States should engage with stakeholders to address concerns regarding CO2 pipelines 28, 738

States should ensure that all utility customers have access to the same energy audit program 11, 296

States should ensure that all vehicles, particularly older diesel vehicles, undergo regular emissions testing 32, 867

States should ensure that communiities can act as aggregators of energy and energy services 6, 182

States should ensure that communities can purchase or generate energy for its citizens 6, 182

States should ensure that communities have access to aggregate information from utilities about their energy use 6, 182

States should ensure that communities have access to aggregate information from utilities about their energy use 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customer can purchase energy through local group or community arrangements 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customers can generate and manage energy behind the meter 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customers can purchase clean energy from local energy provideers 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customers have access to information about energy use and services collected by utilities 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customers have access to information about energy use and services collected by utilities 6, 182

States should ensure that energy customers have grid access on a nondiscriminatory basis to wholesale energy and energy services 6, 182

States should establish "green banks" to provide more capital to clean energy projects, including retrofits 9, 243

States should establish energy-efficiency standards that are not preempted by EPCA 9, 244

States should evaluate power projects based on systemwide costs and benefits, and favor comparing social costs and benefits 23, 610

States should expand ability of grid-edge resources to receive fair and predictable compensation 6, 160

States should expand programs aimed at GHG mitigation or sequestration from forestry and agriculture sectors 25, 633

States should expand RPS to become a clean energy standard by including CCS 28, 725

States should experiment with incentives to encourage off-peak charging 14, 372

States should explore expanding tax incentives for carbon-friendly practices 30, 810

States should explore the VMT tax option 13, 338

States should facilitate residential charging infrastructure 14, 368

States should find ways to support energy storage in ratepayer recovery rules or other means 20, 543

States should focus HDV grant programs to rapidly expand access to zero and near-zero emission technologies 15, 404

States should formulate GHG standards on shipping, with or without approvals 17, 457

States should fully value nuclear energy generation, including consideration of zero emissions credit programs 21, 557

States should fund public infrastructure projects to support battery and fuel cell HDVs 15, 394

States should fund technical assistance for "complete streets" programs to make them more inviting to cyclists and pedestrians 13, 346

States should implement actions (as in CA) so that grid-edge ownership structures can be intergated with utility planning 6, 164

States should implement energy efficiency programs to achieve annual savings of 2% of load and increase that over time 9, 243

States should incentivize black carbon reductions through mechanisms in low-income and minority communities 32, 871

States should incentivize freight carriers to invest in next-generation HDVs 15, 406

States should incentivize giving customers the information they need to make better choices, e.g. decoupling, smart metering, and others 23, 611

States should incentivize multiunit dwellings to add access to electric outlets in parking areas 14, 368

States should incentivize private investment in CCS through private activity bonds 28, 728

States should include in RPS mandates distributed solar energy, micrgrids, and other systems 19, 496

States should include LCA based sustainability requirements for biomass in RPS 25, 667

States should incorporate international decarbonization labeling standards into legislation 8, 211

States should increase use of congestion pricing 13, 338

States should insist that utility resource plans reflect a reasonable schedule for ramping down fossil fuel use 24, 623

States should integrate a suite of energy efficiency policies based on measures of all kinds 0, 219

States should integrate offset programs to preserve forests into climate related policies 25, 664

States should join DOE efforts to promote efficient lighting 9, 250

States should limit GHG emissions related to power generation 24, 626

States should meet EPA emissions guidelines through SIPs, regional solutions, or a federal backstop, 12, 312

States should offer income tax credits for new or retrofitted AFCs 14, 375

States should participate in the development of appliance energy-efficiency standards in Canada 9, 244

States should partner with EPA and others to fund replacing older HDVs 15, 400

States should preempt or prohibit all local permitting for solar installations 19, 498

States should prepare to backstop EPA efforts to weaken federal emissions standareds 32, 858

States should prioritize support for low-carbon agricultural products via all government bodies 30, 821

States should prohibit officials and local governments from banning or excessively delaying renewable energy projects 18, 482

States should promote integration of distributed renewable energy, storage, and smart grids 20, 543

States should promote reduced N2O emissions in agricultural and livestock management practices 35, 937

States should promulgate regulations for nanomaterial and other leage and plastic recycling facilities 7, 195

States should protect future "just and reasonable" utility rates by considering stiffer GHG restrictions in future years 24, 623

States should protect future "just and reasonable" utility rates by considering stiffer GHG restrictions in future years 24, 623

States should protect future "just and reasonable" utility rates by considering stiffer GHG restrictions in future years 24, 623

States should protect future "just and reasonable" utility rates by considering stiffer GHG restrictions in future years 24, 623

States should provide favorable rate treatment for distributed solar 27, 708

States should raise fuel tax to the extent possible under FAA rules 16, 432

States should raise fuel tax to the extent possible under FAA rules 16, 432

States should raise fuel tax to the extent possible under FAA rules 16, 432

States should reduce emissions from diesel vehicles 32, 862

States should regulate emissions from woodstoves 32, 875

States should remove regulatory barriers to non-utility renewable energy projects 23, 610

States should remove supplemental taxes and transaction fees for car-sharing vehicles 13, 341

States should require an energy audit upon sale or rental of homes and buildings if federal govt. does not do so 11, 286

States should require building owners to electrify if federal law does not do so 11, 296

States should require employers to reduce single-occupancy trips by employees 13, 340

States should require transportation plans to establish GHG emissions and VMT consistent with goals 13, 335

States should require utility regulator to consider decarbonization in all policy decisions 23, 611

States should review all aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impacts 16, 432

States should review all aviation taxes and charges to assess adequacy in light of aviation's climate impacts 16, 432

States should revise building and energy codes to provide developers with a head start on LEED certification 10, 274

States should set PURPA avoided costs based on future systemwide marginal costs, including social costs assocated with deep decarbonization 23, 610

States should structure decarbonization labeling schemes to not discriminate against foreign imports 8, 211

States should survey lands suitable for renewable energy projects 18, 476

States should take opportunities to ensure goods are shipped to reduce GHG emissions 17, 457

States should tells PUCs not to approve PPAs that restrict sale of curtailable electricity 26, 684

States should use BACT definition to push replacement of dirty fuels with cleaner fuels 32, 874

States should use policy powers under SIPs to further regulate fine PM emissions from stationary sources 32, 874

States should voluntarily adopte more stringent coal ash rules 24, 632

States should work collaboratively to ensure that their laws change when CA revises its standards 32, 861

States should work regionally to preserve natural carbon sinks 25, 662

States should work with agricultural producers to maximize the revenue potential of anaerobic digestion 33, 894

States with "little NEPA statutes" should make fossil fuel projects more expensive or lead to their rejection 24, 634

States with offshore wind should promptly act upon project applications 18, 475

Statesd should promote programs to provide incentives for efficient lighting 9, 251

Subject to state constitutional constraints, state legislatures could amend state public land organic acts to incorporate recommendations similar to what the National Association of State Foresters recommended in 2015 regarding federal lands. 31, 837

Subnational govts. could include materials and solid waste management reductions in carbon markets 7, 194

Sustainable Forestry Initiative should maximize forestry CCS 31, 843

tate PUCs should require time-of-use rates, or transactive rates if possible. 19, 501

The administration should direct all federal departments, agencies, and bureaus with responsibilities for hydropower to review agency guidance to reflect hydropower as a priority for combating carbon emissions. 22, 584

The administration should direct all federal departments, agencies, and bureaus with responsibilities for hydropower to review agency guidance to reflect hydropower as a priority for combating carbon emissions. 22, 584

The administration should establish that all licensed and exempted nonfederal hydropower is an energy priority, and direct federal departments, agencies, and bureaus to review policies and other governing documents that are inconsistent with this policy. 22, 583

The administration should establish that all licensed and exempted nonfederal hydropower is an energy priority, and direct federal departments, agencies, and bureaus to review policies and other governing documents that are inconsistent with this policy. 22, 583

The administration should focus on key processes that take place within energy-intensive industries, such as fractional distillation in refineries and more. 12, 306-08, 315

The administration should focus on key processes that take place within energy-intensive industries, such as fractional distillation in refineries and more. 12, 306-08, 315

The administration should promote available and near-term BAT to shore up the process efficiency of major industrial sectors and lower direct carbon emissions. 12, 305

The administration should promote available and near-term BAT to shore up the process efficiency of major industrial sectors and lower direct carbon emissions. 12, 305

The administration should pursue a diverse portfolio of legal tools, including carbon pricing and more. 12, 326

The administration should pursue a diverse portfolio of legal tools, including carbon pricing and more. 12, 326

The administration should pursue material efficiency strategies such as lightweighting, reduced yield loss, diverted scrap, reuse, increased product life-span, and greater product use intensity. 12, 324

The administration should pursue material efficiency strategies such as lightweighting, reduced yield loss, diverted scrap, reuse, increased product life-span, and greater product use intensity. 12, 324

The administration should pursue policies that promote efficient end use in the industrial sector, energy supply strategies such as electricity supply decarbonization, fuel switching, material efficiency, and carbon management. 12, 302

The administration should pursue policies that promote efficient end use in the industrial sector, energy supply strategies such as electricity supply decarbonization, fuel switching, material efficiency, and carbon management. 12, 302

The administration should pursue subsidy of deep decarbonization of the industrial sector through RD&D, tax exemption, equipment standards, energy audits and voluntary agreements, and information-based programs. 12, 318

The administration should pursue subsidy of deep decarbonization of the industrial sector through RD&D, tax exemption, equipment standards, energy audits and voluntary agreements, and information-based programs. 12, 318

The administration should speed up the timetable for adoption of new technology encouraged by CAA §111 and §115 with subsidies and regulatory floors as well as increased support for CCS and co-firing biomass. 12, 318

The administration should speed up the timetable for adoption of new technology encouraged by CAA §111 and §115 with subsidies and regulatory floors as well as increased support for CCS and co-firing biomass. 12, 318

The airline industry should undertake voluntary aviation emissions reduction measures 16, 435

The airline industry should undertake voluntary aviation emissions reduction measures 16, 435

The Dept of Veterans Affairs could require energy audit certifications for guaranteed home mortgage loans that the homes meet minimum energy-efficiency standards. 11, 289

The Dept of Veterans Affairs could, in lieu of a legal requirement for an energy audit, adopt voluntary incentives to encourage owners to obtain energy audits. 11, 286

The Dept of Veterans Affairs should consider requiring an energy audit for existing homes for which it guarantees mortgages. 11, 286

The executive branch should develop energy-efficiency policies that combine complementary energy-efficiency policies that are part of a larger set of decarbonization policies. 9, 219, 232, 247

The executive branch should develop energy-efficiency policies that combine complementary energy-efficiency policies that are part of a larger set of decarbonization policies. 9, 219, 232, 247

The Export-Import Bank of the United States could curtail its current program of offering financing for foreign purchasers of U.S.-manufactured used locomotives. 15, 408-09

The Federal Railroad Administration and PHMSA should require electronically controlled pneumatic braking to improve efficiency of freight movement by rail. 15, 414

The intellectual technology sector should adopt a simple server utilization metric 9, 253

The president could issue an Executive Order directing expedited federal review of NET projects and activities. 29, 767

The president could issue an Executive Order directing expedited federal review of NET projects and activities. 29, 767

The president could issue EO to direct agencies to purchase minimum amount of CCS-produced energy, and raise minimum total amount of clean energy to be purchased by the federal government by 2050. 28, 725

The president could issue EO to direct agencies to purchase minimum amount of CCS-produced energy, and raise minimum total amount of clean energy to be purchased by the federal government by 2050. 28, 725

The president should align the policy goals of various agencies and departments to work to reduce aviation emissions to the maximum possible extent. 16, 441

The president should align the policy goals of various agencies and departments to work to reduce aviation emissions to the maximum possible extent. 16, 441

The president should consider, by Executive Order, requiring that all federal buildings, regardless of age, have no fossil fuel-generated energy consumption on or before 2050. 11, 291-92

The president should consider, by Executive Order, requiring that all federal buildings, regardless of age, have no fossil fuel-generated energy consumption on or before 2050. 11, 291-92

The president should expand national monuments and manage federal lands to promote afforestation of permafrost areas, as climate change supports expansion of northern forests. 31, 834

The president should expand national monuments and manage federal lands to promote afforestation of permafrost areas, as climate change supports expansion of northern forests. 31, 834

The president should issue EO imposing time limitations for the ESA §10 incidental take permit process and consider other ways to make the process more efficient. 18, 486

The president should issue EO imposing time limitations for the ESA §10 incidental take permit process and consider other ways to make the process more efficient. 18, 486

The president should retain within the GSA the Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings that was mandated by EISA. 10, 272

The president should retain within the GSA the Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings that was mandated by EISA. 10, 272

The president should revise EO 13693 to clarify that all forms of licensed and exempted nonfederal hydropower meet the definition of “renewable electric energy.” 22, 583

The president should revise EO 13693 to clarify that all forms of licensed and exempted nonfederal hydropower meet the definition of “renewable electric energy.” 22, 583

The president, by EO, could require that a specified % of electricity that the federal government procures be from nuclear power generation. 21, 567

The president, by EO, could require that a specified % of electricity that the federal government procures be from nuclear power generation. 21, 567

The private sector should enable or encourage less flying 16, 437

The private sector should enable or encourage less flying 16, 437

The SEC should enforce compliance with its 2010 guidance on disclosure requirements related to climate change. 24, 645

The SEC should enforce compliance with its 2010 guidance on disclosure requirements related to climate change. 24, 645

The SEC should enhance its 2010 guidance on climate change disclosure to require explicitly the possibility that climate regulation will lead to the stranding of corporate assets. 24, 645

The SEC should enhance its 2010 guidance on climate change disclosure to require explicitly the possibility that climate regulation will lead to the stranding of corporate assets. 24, 645

The Secretary of the Interior could issue an order imposing time limitations (subject to limited extensions for good cause) for the ESA §10 incidental take permit process. 18, 486

The Surface Transportation Board could revise rate regulation to encourage private investment for expansion and maintenance of distributed rail infrastructure. 15, 417

The Surface Transportation Board should accelerate approval of new rail lines. 15, 417

The U.S. Dept of State and U.S. Trade Representative should further a decarbonization strategy tied to climate change mitigation and clean energy strategies when negotiating preferential trade agreements. 8, 215

The U.S. Dept of State should further a decarbonization strategy tied to climate change mitigation that is consistent with DOE and other federal agencies. 8, 215

The U.S. Dept of State should interpret air service agreements to state explicitly that the US interprets “on the basis of reciprocity” to mean that either Party to the air service agreement can start taxing international aviation fuel at any time. 16, 441

The U.S. Dept of State should play a lead role in addressing border tax adjustments and other decarbonization strategies within the negotiation phase of preferential trade agreements. 8, 209

The U.S. Postal Service and other federal agencies should continue to invest in more fuel-efficient, lower carbon-emitting vehicles. 15, 422

The USGBC should continue to develop an effective LEED decarbonization certification system for existing buildings 11, 294

Through use of grants and other funding, federal agencies should encourage states to change restrictive RPS requirements by allowing duly licensed and exempted non-federal hydropower to qualify. 22, 584

TNCs should expand services that work in concert with low or zero emission transport alternatives 13, 341

To achieve CO2 removal at the necessary scale, state legislatures should boost funding to support negative emissions technology (NET) research proposals. 29, 767

To assist states in promoting sources of renewable energy through feed-in tariffs, FERC should define a clear process for states to seek pre-approval of feed-in tariff incentives. 23, 617

To ensure that the use of electric power will reduce black carbon and aggregate GHG emissions, EPA should conduct or require states to conduct life-cycle emissions assessments. 32, 858

To increase use of autonomous vehicles, NHTSA should consider preempting state standards for driverless cars and providing more flexible federal standards. 14, 378

To maintain forest and agricultural lands, state legislatures may develop programs to prohibit development of lands in one area and allow transfer of development rights to other areas. 25, 661-662

To promote unbundling of sales in power distribution, FERC should consider a rule to encourage formation of wholesale distribution system operators. 23, 616

To reduce or eliminate the wage gap between carbon and non-carbon jobs, state legislatures could establish within RPS and energy-efficiency laws occupational wage standards in non-carbon energy industry occupations. 24, 640

To the extent state law sets out what is a “public use” for purposes of eminent domain authority, state legislatures could make clear that public use includes benefits to a multi-state region as well as to the individual state. 20, 543

To the extent that implementation of regulation anticipates future interagency conflicts, EPA should commit to MOUs and, where appropriate, consider adoption of binding joint rules to clarify respective roles. 23, 618

To the extent that implementation of regulation anticipates future interagency conflicts, FERC should commit to MOUs and, where appropriate, consider binding joint rules to clarify respective roles. 23, 618

Trade associations involved with training building professionals should increas training for achitects, developers, builders on passive buildings and ZEBs 10, 276

Trade associations should educate consumers, poliymakers, regulators about geothermal and district heating 19, 521

Transmission line companies could create transmission corridor districts to increase landowners buyin for transmission projects 20, 545

Transmission line companies could offer landowners annual payments to reduce community opposition to transmission lines 20, 545

Transmission line companies should meet with communities frequently, provide voluntary payments, partners with groups, to reduce opposition to transmission lines 20, 545

Transmission line operators could enter into "community benefit agreements" for payments by the developer to the community 20, 545

Transmission owners and grid operators in a geographical area should consider what it would take to phase out use of fossil-fired generation and prepare to meet long-term GHG reduction goals. 24, 624

TVA could produce a definite, accelerated schedule for the retirement of the 35 remaining coal-fired generating units. 24, 634

U.S. agencies and departments should push for a much more stringent International Civil Aviation Organization CO2 standard in any future revision of the standard. 16, 438

U.S. airports should consider full LC sustainabiity of any offsets included in the Airports Council International Airport Carbon Accreditation program before participating 16, 435

U.S. airports should participate in the FAA Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program and in Europe's voluntary Airport Carbon Accreditation progra 16, 434

U.S. Dept of HHS, with USDA, should acknowledge their legal ability to include sustainability as a factor in dietary guidelines and work to encourage healthy, climate-friendly diets. 30, 820

U.S. ports should consider becoming members of the World Ports Climate Initiative. 17, 459

Universities could partner wil GSA and National Labs to test new technologies 34, 913

USDA could provide emissions information in its dietary guidelines, and identify foods, the production of which emits significant methane. 33, 892

USDA could provide funding for, and otherwise support, research into new methane emissions reduction techniques from enteric fermentation. 33, 891

USDA should consider imposing regulatory methane emissions limits for concentrated animal facilities. 30, 804

USDA should design and implement its farm programs to encourage farmers, preferably through incentives, to adopt less fuel-intensive practices. 30, 818

USDA should design research to advance objectives other than mitigation, such as crop productivity or food safety, to bolster, and work in conjunction with, climate-friendly systems. 30, 795

USDA should develop and promote a national climate-friendly wood product certification system analogous to its system for certifying organic produce. 31, 844

USDA should educate agricultural producers on current best practice for reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation. 33, 891

USDA should ensure that agricultural banks are familiar with benefits of carbon farming, which makes farms more resilient to weather disturbances and exposes the lending institution to less risk. 30, 815

USDA should ensure that government financial incentive and regulatory programs do not support large-scale operations without also requiring them to curb environmentally damaging practices. 30, 812

USDA should offer subsidized federal crop insurance to farmers who voluntarily implement best management practices for nitrogen use efficiency. 35, 939

USDA should offer voluntary certification programs for farmers who voluntarily implement best management practices for nitrogen use efficiency. 35, 939

USDA should redeploy funding for biofuels research to development of fuels that have high-value uses, such as biomass-based diesel. 27, 694

USDA should redirect EQIP funds where possible to support farms and ranches working to significantly reduce emissions or sequester carbon. 30, 804

USDA should support agricultural banks in lending for practices that are climate friendly but perhaps less well-known and widely accepted. 30, 815

USDA should use its rulemaking authority to require farmers receiving commodity payments to adopt cost-effective climate-friendly practices. 30, 802

USDA should vigorously enforce the farm bill’s current conservation compliance provisions, withholding benefits from farmers that fail to meet their requirements. 30, 806

USDA, with U.S. Dept HHS, should acknowledge its legal ability to include sustainability in dietary guidelines and work to encourage healthy, climate-friendly diets. 30, 820

USDA’s Risk Management Agency should ensure that crop insurance policies do not interfere with cover cropping or other proven decarbonizing practices or conversely encourage less beneficial practices. 30, 800

USFS can implement regulatory measures that require no net loss of CO2 into the atmosphere from the lands it manages. 25, 659

USFS could make adjustments to the Community Forest and Open Space Conservation Program to make clear that valid forest uses include the cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks. 25, 663

USFS could potentially use the federal Forest Legacy Program to allow for bioenergy feedstock production, while at the same time requiring decarbonization-driven standards for such lands. 25, 663

USFS could utilize the Healthy Forests Reserve Program to enhance carbon sequestration on forestlands to allow production of bioenergy feedstocks. 25, 663

USFS should allow ranchers to graze at intensities they believe are optimal, as long as the intensities are at or below the allotted amount, allowing them to restore the range and increase soil carbon. 30, 813-814

USFS should continue to administer landowner assistance programs so that they maximize carbon sequestration, climate change adaptation, and production of carbon-sequestering forest products. 31, 843

USFS should enforce lease provisions that require ranchers to uphold conservation values, and add new ones designed to reduce the climate impacts of grazing systems. 30, 813

USFS should identify large solar energy areas where an environmental review that includes examination of species presence and habitat can be utilized. 18, 470

USFS should implement the Healthy Forests Reserve Program nationwide. 25, 663

USFS should undertake a process to update the grazing intensity limit in leases to reflect current conditions, including range quality, climate, and animal size. 30, 813

USGBC could amend LEED to make use of low GWP refrigerants and high energy efficiency requirements for certification 34, 914

USGBC could change LEED certification to include substitution of primary materalials and lifespan 12, 325

USGBC should revise the LEED certification system to better align with deep decarbonization goals 10, 276

USTR should frame clean energy efforts in NAFTA as part of U.S. decarbonization efforts, especially when coupled with energy production as also being a source of creating new markets and jobs. 8, 214

USTR should further a decarbonization strategy tied to climate change mitigation that is consistent with DOE and other federal agencies. 8, 215

Utilities can use utility-private partnerships to acquire long-term services that support the distribution system 6, 177

Utilities should consider allowing ratepayers’ vehicles to charge during low-demand times and discharge power back to grid during peak 14, 372

Utilities should develop “standard offer programs” that would stimulate investment in distributed energy resources for industrial customers 27, 708

Utilities should develop rate structures that incentivize load-shifting to encourage renewable energy generation 5, 145

Utilities should educate those involved in tree planting campaigns about the impacts shadows can have on distributed generation solar energy systems 19, 254

Utilities should expand voluntary home energy audit programs 11, 282

Utilities should experiment with incentives to encourage off-peak charging for EV customers 14, 372

Utilities should include low-global warming potential refrigerants in energy-efficiency incentive programs 34, 914

Utilities should incorporate EF demand in load forecasts and integrated resource plans 14, 372

Utilities should provide guidance about how to pick tree species for planting and where to place them to minimize negative impacts 19, 254

Utilities should remove caps on number of homeowners that can participate in net metering and allow customers to lock in rates 5, 145

Utility commissions could impose a nuclear portfolio standard that would co-exist alongside existing RPS or broaden scope of existing RPS to incorporate all “clean” energy, including nuclear power. 21, 558

Utility energy-efficiency actions should be synchronized with federal, state, city, and private-actor energy-efficiency actions 9, 219

Voluntary certification programs should restrict use of HFCs 34, 913

When designing and implementing cap-and-trade programs, state regulators should incentivize nitrous oxide emission reductions from agricultural and livestock sources by providing offset credit for reductions. 35, 936

When designing cap-and-trade programs, EPA should incentivize nitrous oxide emission reductions from agricultural and livestock sources by providing offset credit for such reductions. 35, 936

When new air service agreements are negotiated or existing ones renegotiated, the U.S. Dept of State should ensure that taxation of fuel used in international aviation is allowed, or required. 16, 441

When setting emissions caps for stationary sources such as power plants and industrial facilities, EPA should account for nitrous oxide emissions from the sources. 35, 935

When setting emissions caps for stationary sources such as power plants and industrial facilities, state environmental agencies should account for nitrous oxide emissions from the sources. 35, 935

When supporting irrigation systems through EQIP, NRCS should prioritize making irrigation systems more efficient and not fund projects likely to lead to land conversion or increased water usage. 30, 803

Where cost of service rate recovery is not available, stakeholders should explore the options being used for renewable energ to finance new nuclear plants 21, 561

Where cost-of-service rate recovery is not available, state legislatures could consider tax/equity models used for financing of renewable projects

Where cost-of-service rate recovery is not available, state PUCs could consider tax/equity models used for financing renewable projects, sale-leaseback models, or other innovative approaches to enhance ability of developers to obtain financing for nuclear power plants. 21, 561

Where regulatory requirements and subsidies are not financed through public taxes, state PUCs should favor per kWh customer charges rather than fixed fees or cost adders in setting customer energy charges. 23, 611

Where the power of state utility commissions is in doubt, state legislatures should establish that information about customer usage belongs to the customer and should be made available promptly to the customer and at little or no customer expense. 6, 177

Wherever a state utility commission has jurisdiction over an energy project participant, it should require reporting of carbon performance information on an ongoing basis 6, 177

Wind, solar, and energy efficiency companies should give hiring preference to displace coal or coal-fired utility workers 24, 640

With oversight and limitations, state legislatures could extend condemnation power to private parties who engage in industrial-scale NET operations authorized by state or federal permits or certificates of convenience. 29,767

DOE should continue providing guidance to consumers by maintaining updated versions of programs such as Energy Star for appliances and electrical equipment, and Energy Star for buildings. 10, 272

DOE should continue setting leading-edge energy-efficiency standards for heating, cooling, lighting, and other energy-consuming equipment used in new buildings. 10, 272

DOE should encourage through its work on ZEBs direct investment in the means of production of renewables or power purchase agreements as preferable to purchase of RECs. 10, 272

DOE should encourage use of the most efficient sources and location of renewable energy for ZEBs rather than emphasizing only on-site generation. 10, 272

DOE should fund research of innovative ways for buildings to capture as much wind and sunlight as possible within the confines of urban environments to generate decarbonized electricity. 10, 272

DOE should produce a model ZEB-focused energy code. 10, 273

Energy efficiency

Energy supply

EPA can adopt general permits for NETs that will likely have either small or predictable and controlled impacts to the environment. 29, 767

EPA can adopt standardized approval and review procedures for NETs that use common procedures or similar physical designs 29, 767

EPA can explore whether to reduce permitting barriers or environmental review disincentives for laboratory research or limited field testing of NETs. 29, 767

EPA could consider use of NET removal of CO2 as an alternative control strategy to consider during selections of BACTs for PSD permits to control emissions of other regulated pollutants. 29, 769

EPA could let a facility offset its CO2 emissions from one of its facilities through that operator’s use of NETs at a different location within the United States. 29, 769

EPA could promote investigation and deployment of NETs through incorporating them into GHG control permit requirements and emission control standards. 29, 769

EPA could promote reuse of captured CO2 by determining that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant under CWA or CAA or a discarded hazardous waste or substance under RCRA or CERCLA. 29, 769

EPA could promote reuse of captured CO2 by determining that CO2 captured through NETs would not constitute a pollutant under the CWA or CAA or a discarded hazardous waste or substance under RCRA or CERCLA. 29, 769

EPA should continue providing guidance to consumers by maintaining programs such as Energy Star for appliances and electrical equipment, and for buildings. 10, 272

EPA should craft regulatory options to allow NET research and limited deployment to occur without significant delays from permitting disputes or protracted environmental impact reviews. 29, 768

EPA should use existing CAA authority to create an auction cap-and-trade program giving recognition that use of low-use wood from sustainably managed forests will not add CO2 to the atmosphere. 31, 837

FAA should consider a “frequent flyer levy” in the United States when measures it proposes to reduce aviation emissions raise significant equity concerns. 16, 443

Federal agencies could explore possibility of offering liability protections for negative emissions technology operators that meet size, operational, and safety requirements. 29, 768

Federal agencies should continue implementing “Guiding Principles for Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings” adopted pursuant to EO 13423 that requires energy monitoring that provides at least daily data on energy use. 10, 272

Federal agencies should implement requirement in EISA that federal buildings reduce fossil fuel use measured against 2003 benchmark by 100% by 2030, and the goal that new commercial buildings achieve zero net energy by 2030. 10, 272

Federal govt. should promote green patenting for decarbonization technologies 4, 120

Federal land management agencies could implement climate change mitigation and adaptation programs through broad, discretionary authority provided by existing organic acts. 31, 833

For categories of non-road sources that emit fine PM but are not yet regulated, EPA should ensure that new equipment is designed with filters and other pollution controls. 32, 858

GSA should fully implement EISA requirement that federal buildings reduce fossil fuel use measured against a 2003 benchmark by 100% by 2030, and meet goal that new commercial buildings achieve zero net energy by 2030. 10, 272

GSA should retain its 2016 Facilities Standards that require all new federal buildings to attain LEED Gold (Version 4) certification, as a minimum. 10, 272

Industrial process

Key to develop a lot of technologies simultaneously

Recommendations for policy makers

State agencies should promote programs like LEED that recognize buildings for meeting energy-efficiency goals 10, 274

State agencies should provide information on ways to minimize the costs of ZEBs 10, 274

State govts should assess all decisions against long-term goals and pathways, to minimize carbon lock-in and stranded assests 1, 38

State govts. can reduce barriers to NETs by uzing condemnation powers for needed land 29, 767

State govts. should adopt policies to reduce demand for energy services, not just energy efficiency 3, 108

State govts. should adopt strategies to increase uptake of energy efficient home equipment, including green leases and improved LC cost information 3, 106

State planning and incentive structures

State utility commissions should create clear roadmaps to cross-sector deep decarbonization to ensure emissions reduction goals are met on time and at reasonable cost 1, 38

The U.S. Department of State should play a leadership role in working multilaterally on strategies that facilitate the development of cleaner markets. 8, 205

The U.S. Department of State should play a leadership role in working multilaterally to develop new agreements on environmental goods and services 8, 205

The U.S. Dept of State should recognize that as long as the US is not at trade negotiations table or participating in the Paris Climate Agreement, other countries continue to move forward on clean energy strategies. 8, 215

The U.S. Dept of State should take a lead role in negotiating multilateral agreements concerning climate change that include decarbonization labeling standards. 8, 211

Transportation

Utility planning and incentives