The History of Terrorism
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"Squads of clerks-usually women-worked around the clock using pen, paper, and mechanical adding aids to crunch the numbers."
1923-Today Moore School of Electrical Engineering
Computing
Electronics industry
Modular Assembly Mechanism
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We can thank nativism and the census for helping to bring the computer age into existence.
World's most powerful computers
Children
"'Cybernetics' triggered an elusive decades-long quest by the military to fulfill this particular vision of cybernetics, an effort to create computers with what we now call artifical intelligence."
"But first he wanted to make sure that US intelligence agencies hadn't secretly developed this kind of interactive computing technology already. 'I even went to the CIA and gave them a pitch,' said Lick"
"Developed by MIT professor Norbert Wiener, cybernetics defined the world as a giant computational machine."
"He also arranged a meeting with reps from the NSA and made the same pitch about the beauty of a universal, easy-to-use computer platform."
"On a very basic level, cybernetics posited that human beings, like all living things, were information processing machines. We were all computers-highly complex, but computers nonetheless."
1936-1938 Z1 (computer)
1945-? ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
1949 Giant Brains, or Machines That Think (book)
1950 "A report of a special body convened by the US Air Force recommended that the early warning radar system be automated: radar information should be digitized, sent over wires, and processsed in real time by computers."
1950 "If the air force wanted an automated radar system, it would have to invent a computer powerful enough to handle the job. Luckily, the Pentagon was already a prime mover and shaker in the field."
1950 Simon (computer)
1950s "Put most clearly: in the 1950s both the military and U.S. industry explicitly advocated a messianic understanding of computing, in which computation was the underlying matter of everything in the social world, and could therefore be brought under...
1952 The fifth machine (built for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) was used by CBS to predict the result of the 1952 presidential election.
1960 "'Imagine trying, for example, to direct a battle with the aid of a computer on such a schedule as this,' Lick explained in his 1960 paper. 'You formulate your problem today. Tomorrow you spend with a programmer."
1960 "In 1960, he published a paper that outlined his vision for the coming 'man-computer symbiosis' and described in simple terms the kinds of computer components that needed to be invented to make it happen."
1961-1974 Project AGILE
1963-2003 Project MAC
1964 The 480 (book)
1967-1969 "The late 1960s was the beginning of America's computerization gold rush, a time when police departments, federal goverment agencies, military and intelligence services, and large corporations began to digitize their operations."
1975 "On June 2, 1975 NBC corrrespondent Ford Rowan appeared on the evening news to report a stunning expose."
1979 From dits to bits: A personal history of the electronic computer (book)
1982-2009 PC Magazine
1996 The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America (book)
1999 Through the fear of y2k the all the nations on earth decided to update and synchronized them. This effort was headed by John Koskinen and cost $640 billion.
1999-Today Electronic New World Order
2009 The Cultural Logic of Computation (book)
2010 A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming (book)
2018 CNBC: Elon Musk: I'm about to announce a 'Neuralink' product that connects your brain to computers
Banking Computers
CIA Computers
Computer architecture
Computer art
Computer Assisted Coup Machine
Computer Based Charities for the Poor and Minorities
Computer Code
Computer data storage companies
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computer icons
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computerized people-manipulation
Computers & Automation (magazine)
Computers and Elections
Computers and the CIA/NSA/Intelligence Links
Computers during World War 2
Computers, Surveillance and Racism Links
Computing and society
Data centers
Decimal Computers
desktop computers
Digital Computers
Electrical engineers
Eugenicists in the Computer Industry
Fictional computers
History of computers
Information technology (IT)
Laptops
NAZI Computers
Neuralink
Personal computer (PC)
Printers (computer)
Quantum Computers
That the census simultaneously played a central role in the development of the computer age more than 130 years ago makes it doubly relevant, offering a glimpse into how computers, surveillance, and racist government policies have been linked from...
United States Census Computer Links
y2k (Year 2000 problem)