John Bowring

At 35 minutes and 30 seconds.

Attachments

1660-Today The Royal Society AKA The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge
1725-Today Order of the Bath
1808-1814 Peninsular War
1812-Today American Antiquarian Society (AAS)
1823-1914 The Westminster Review (magazine)
1830-Today Royal Geographical Society (RGS)
1850-1864 Taiping Rebellion
Ambassadors of Hawaii
Authors and writers
Bowring Family
Editors
English Unitarians
Governors of Hong Kong
Imprisoned for Spying
Polyglotism
Spies Who Write Children's Books
Translators

1818 John Bowring incorporated Bowring & Co. with a partner in 1818 to sell herrings to Spain (including Gibraltar by a subsidiary) and France and to buy wine from Spain. It was during this period that he came to know Jeremy Bentham.
1822 John Bowring travelled extensively and was imprisoned in Boulogne-sur-Mer for six weeks in 1822 for suspected spying (though merely carrying papers for the Portuguese envoy to Paris).
1834-1839 Minor Morals for Young People (book)
1841 "Jesus Christ is free trade and free trade is Jesus Christ" - John Bowring
1856 John Bowring saw the argument as an opportunity to wring from the Chinese the free access to Canton which had been promised in the Treaty of Nanking but so far denied.
1856 The irritation caused by John Bowring's "spirited" or high-handed policy led to the Second Opium War (1856-1860). Martineau put the war down to the "incompetence and self-seeking rashness of one vain man".
1856-1860 Second Opium War
1862 John Bowring accepted the appointment of minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary from the Hawaiian government to the courts of Europe, and in this capacity negotiated treaties with Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and Switzerland.
Bowring & Co.