AS03

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2009 In the 2009 influenza pandemic, vaccines containing AS03 delivered a stronger immunogene response against pandemic H1N1 influenza than non-adjuvanted vaccines, despite their containing lower levels of viral antigen.
2016 As of 2016 it was unclear whether or not the adjuvant was responsible, other suspected causes include genetic susceptibility, exposure to A(H1N1)pdm09, manufacturing impurities, and combinations of these factors.
Small observational studies reported from Finland and Sweden in 2012, and larger studies from Ireland reported in 2012, and reported in each of England, Norway and France in 2013, found an association between narcolepsy and an A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine...
Squalene is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvants: Novartis produces a substance they call MF59, while GlaxoSmithKline produces AS03.