ARTICLE 3. SECTION 1.

ARTICLE III

SECTION 1.

The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish.

(IS THAT HOW “INFERIOR COURTS” SHOULD BE “ORDAIN”ED AND ESTABLISH”ED? WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS? WHAT IS AN “INFERIOR COURT? DO THEY FOLLOW “ADMIRALTY LAW”? CONSTITUTIONAL LAW?)

The judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts,

shall hold their offices during good behavior, and

shall, at stated times,

(ONCE A WEEK? ONCE A MONTH? ONCE A YEAR? PER COURT CASE? DEFINE/DESCRIBE GRAFT. GIVE THREE EXAMPLES; CITE YOUR SOURCES WITH MINIMUM OF FIVE.) receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

(NOT EVEN IF THEY COMMIT CRIMES?

SECTION 2.

The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, *

(WHICH TREATIES AND WHEN WERE THEY SIGNED? WHO ARE WE OBLIGATED TO AND WHY?)

which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State,

between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State or the citizens thereof, and

foreign States, citizens or subjects. (15).

(WHAT IS A “FOREIGN STATE”?)
See What is an ambassador

(15). The Eleventh Amendment requires that suits against a State by a citizen of another State or a foreign nation must be initiated in the courts of that state. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction.

(RESEARCH AN EVENT WHERE U.S. AMBASSADORS WERE LEFT IN A WAR ZONE.)

In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

(DOES THIS MEAN CONGRESS GIVES ORDERS TO JUDGES?)

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment,

shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. (16).

(WHERE WOULD THE TRIAL BE IF A CRIME IS COMMITTED IN WASHINGTON D.C.? WHY DOES CONGRESS NEED TO SET TRIAL LOCATIONS?)

(16). These provisions were extended by the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments.

SECTION 3.

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

(WHAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED “AID AND COMFORT”? WHOSE SIDE ARE WE ON IN THE WAR IN UKRAINE? IS IT THE APPROPRIATE ONE? ARE GIVING AID AND COMFORT TO THE ENEMY? HOW DO WE KNOW THEY ARE FRIENDLIES? DID CONGRESS SAY SO? DID THE PRESIDENT?)

No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

(IS THAT ALL IT TAKES TO HAVE A PERSON CONVICTED OF TREASON?)

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

(WHAT DOES THAT EVEN MEAN? WHAT ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT? WHO IS IT REFERRING TO AND WHAT BEHAVIOR IS BEING DESCRIBED?)

end article 3

see ARTICLE 4. SECTION 1.