PERIODIC TABLE
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The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of all 118 known chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number (the number of protons in an atom's nucleus). It visually demonstrates the periodic law, where elements with similar chemical properties recur at regular intervals.
The table is structured into:
- Periods: The 7 horizontal rows, where elements share the same number of electron shells.
- Groups: The 18 vertical columns, containing elements with similar chemical behaviors and valence electron configurations.
First published by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, the modern table arranges elements from hydrogen (atomic number 1) to oganesson (atomic number 118). This organization allows scientists to predict element properties, understand atomic structure, and identify trends such as electronegativity and ionization energy.
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Tuesday, August 11, 2026, 4:21 PM