What is the Second Amendment?
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Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of individuals to keep and bear arms. It was ratified on December 15, 1791, as part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment states: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
The Supreme Court has interpreted this as an individual right, affirmed in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), which ruled that the right includes self-defense in the home. This was extended to state and local governments in McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010). More recently, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen (2022) established that gun regulations must be justified by historical tradition, shifting legal analysis toward a history-based test.
Despite the individual right, the Court has upheld certain restrictions, such as bans on firearm possession by felons and the mentally ill, and laws prohibiting dangerous or unusual weapons. The amendment remains a central point of debate regarding gun control, public safety, and constitutional interpretation.
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Monday, January 26, 2026 05:33PM