ACC Anterior CINGULATE cortex
<p>Dec 10, 2010 05:28 PM
 
Cingulum is Latin for belt or girdle  (as in a sword belt;  a military belt;
it is an encircling structure  (it partially encircles the corpus callosum)
 
it is a MEDIAL structure... looks like a collar around the cc
 
ACC  includes both  BA 32 which is the dorsal AC  (also located more anteriorly) and BA24 which is the ventral AC
(more posterior).
 
 
Cognitive  dorsal  and emotional  ventral.
 
The anterior cingulate cortex can be divided anatomically based on <b>cognitive (</b><a title="Dorsum (biology)" href="/wiki/Dorsum_(biology)"><b>dorsal</b></a><b>)</b>, and <b>emotional (</b><a class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral" href="/wiki/Ventral"><b>ventral</b></a><b>)</b> components.<sup id="cite_ref-Bush00_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bush00-3">[4]</a></sup> The dorsal part of the ACC is connected with the <a title="Prefrontal cortex" href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex">prefrontal cortex</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal cortex" href="/wiki/Parietal_cortex">parietal cortex</a> as well as the motor system and the <a title="Frontal eye fields" href="/wiki/Frontal_eye_fields">frontal eye fields</a><sup id="cite_ref-Posner98_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Posner98-4">[5]</a></sup> making it a central station for processing top-down and bottom-up stimuli and assigning appropriate control to other areas in the brain. By contrast, the ventral part of the ACC is connected with <a title="Amygdala" href="/wiki/Amygdala">amygdala</a>, <a title="Nucleus accumbens" href="/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens">nucleus accumbens</a>, <a title="Hypothalamus" href="/wiki/Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>, and anterior <a title="Insular cortex" href="/wiki/Insular_cortex">insula</a>, and is involved in assessing the salience of emotion and motivational information. The ACC seems to be especially involved when effort is needed to carry out a task such as in early learning and problem-solving.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup> Many studies attribute functions such as <a class="mw-redirect" title="Error detection" href="/wiki/Error_detection">error detection</a>, anticipation of tasks, <a title="Motivation" href="/wiki/Motivation">motivation</a>, and modulation of emotional responses to the ACC.
 
DISCUSSION:
 
octos and nonons with superior memory and cog fxn than peers = SuperAgers.
 
SAs had greater cortical thickness = 288 mm3  vs  245 mm3 in controls that were 50 to 65 years old.
 
grey matter is loss is common in aging, so this is surprising
 
lack of atrophy is a proxy for preserved cortical neuronal integrity...
 
unusual prominence of the cingulate cortex = CC
 
cricial site of transmodal integration related to episodice memory, spatial attention,
cognitive control and motivational modulation.
 
Posterior segment of Cing Gyr  important in relation to pathophys of AD = alzheim.
 
cing cortex  impt piece of large-scale resting-state netowrk.
 
nl cing function is impt for integrity of multiple cognit domains.
 
only 4 of their 12 SuperAgers had college degrees.
 
*
no signif thining in SAs relat to controls.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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