Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems -- Squire and Zola 93 (24): 13515 -- Proceedings of the

<p class="default">11:10 PM, June 19, 2006&#160;

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This is THE paper on declarative paper by Squire and Zola.&#160;

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Here, we consider the hippocampal formation to consist of two components, the hippocampal region and the entorhinal cortex. The hippocampal region consists of the cell fields of the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus, and the subicular complex. The entorhinal cortex is the major source of cortical projections to the hippocampal region. The entorhinal cortex in turn receives nearly two-thirds of its cortical input from the adjacent perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices. The entorhinal cortex also receives other direct inputs from the olfactory bulb, orbital frontal cortex, insular cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal gyrus&#160;

&#160;<b>The Function of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System</b> &#160;

The medial temporal lobe is required to form permanent and usable long-term declarative memory. The neocortex is believed to be the permanent respository of memory. The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed at the time of learning and for a lengthy period of time afterwards. During this lengthy period, it has been proposed that medial temporal lobe structures direct consolidation in neocortex by gradually binding together the multiple, geographically separate cortical regions that together store memory for a whole event ( <u>63</u> , <u>64</u> ). As a result of these gradual changes, which may involve modifications in the strengths of connections between cortical areas, perhaps dependent on morphological growth and change, storage of declarative memory and its retrieval become independent of the medial temporal lobe memory system.&#160;

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