Vid 2

Transcript for 2023 International Mission to Mars: Engineering Design Competition - Adrian Brown by Merlin

good morning everyone

um welcome back to the last day of talks

for the international Mission to Mars

design competition today we have

um Adrian Brown

Dr Adrian Brown is currently working as

a planetary science researcher at the

NASA headquarters in Washington DC

Adrian has a background in computer

science in electrical engineering his

first degree was in electrical and

Engineering from the Australian Defense

Force Academy and Canberra Australia

Adrian is a certified Java programmer he

completed his PhD in Earth and planetary

science at Macquarie University in

Sydney Australia and today he will be

speaking about the perseverance Rover

formerly known as Mars 2020.

um Dr Brown you have the floor and thank

you so much for being here

thanks very much Nicole uh just let me

know if I start to drop out on your

anything or the connections not so great

I will um I can always uh swap to a

better

Wi-Fi position in the houses and that's

this so um

great okay so

yes so so math 2020

um uh the story so far we're going to

talk through

um a little bit about the mission I'm

not going to see too much about what you

know so but probably for some of you who

are uh Marv uh Marvel files

um uh and who isn't really

um you probably know a little bit so

some of this may be redundant

information but hopefully I'm at least

giving it to you with an Australian

accent which you don't get every day so

yeah let's just jump at that uh and just

as a verification of the australian-ness

of um

of my background we've got the boxing

kangaroo down there in the bottom right

hand corner um so everything's gonna be

perfect

right first I I want to start with a

little pumping up video so this is

um is going to play automatically

are you seeing the video we're not

seeing the video

all right

um and just just to check were you able

to hear that video because I'm going to

play a couple more videos with noise so

if you weren't then um we didn't hear it

or see it oh

oh you didn't see it oh okay is it is it

on a different

um browser page or is it in

if it's no that's okay okay

yeah I'll just um talk through it so it

was basically a

sequence where

um um The Martian

um the future martians from um a scene

from uh the expanse uh the series The

expanse and it was when they were

dropping uh their uh troops onto CV to

take it back from the study of his um

so that's meant to be the pump up

section but um and now you'll just have

to uh accept a little bit about

Mars from today's Viewpoint shall we say

so we're not able to um doing dropping

around the soul system just yet but uh

you know who knows in our future it may

be the

okay so Mars 2020

um let's talk about the Rover the

mission of the landing site firstly

um my background is in geology so I'm

very interested in all things

um geological and geophysical so

might want to concentrate your questions

and

um on those lines when we come to the

question time

and this uh this is our launch uh from

the cape and back in

uh 20 20 July 30th 2020

um uh there was a magnificent launch

um can you see it uh okay I think your

slides is this all on your slideshow

because it's not moving forward on our

area yeah let me oh here it goes

okay

okay so now now you're seeing it yes

it's just not in presenter mode

okay

we can watch the video it's fun okay uh

okay seeing the slides now let's see if

I Advanced that it's okay

anything advancing for you guys

it's not advancing now it's the original

oh there it is

now it's advancing that's an interesting

I'll just I'll just show it in uh

present mode and and see

how good we can make it

so um

here okay so you can now see the first

couple of slides and so on yep yes okay

all right so um let's talk firstly about

Mars 2020 Rover here uh and now you can

see the launch and the cape

be able to review a little bit

foreign

let's proceed to our next slide here

okay so you're seeing that slide menu uh

that's our on route to my slide

yeah looks good great so this is uh this

was Captain just before we

um we have a a planetary science has uh

division

um at Nasa where I work has this uh eyes

and soul system uh app and you can see

where everything is so this has taken a

couple of days before we actually uh

entered uh um The Martian atmosphere and

went into our Landing sequence

uh and let me see if this is gonna play

Jump

looks good

can you hear anything

all right

okay so this is the landing here and

now in this sequence you should be able

to see

we'll have we'll have a parachute coming

out and

the imager um will be turning on there

okay so we're seeing a real video that

was spectacular

uh from our eel cameras it's interested

in landing cameras

uh this is the first shot that we had of

Mars

um now you can see our uh some of our

descent equipment has gone down to the

surface here and we'll show you a couple

of images of how that actually ended up

on the surface because we did

investigate where it went uh so we were

Landing in this Delta feature you can't

see the Delta at the moment you'll get a

little bit of a look at the side of the

delta uh and and um

what will happen is um the new engines

will start to lock up on on a spot

basically that means that the engines

have ignited uh and it's no longer

floating by Parachute so you can see

we're still just uh taking off uh the

parachute right now

uh and the feature that you see on the

right of the screen down here uh is a

Delta

um so we want to we wanted to ideally we

wanted to land next to or on top of the

Delta but what happened was

um during the sequence that the uh

navigation camera uh and computer

decided that it

areas that were promoting

so they

they decided to move this away from our

original plan landing spot and you'll be

able to see that movie take place so we

actually end up

and not even here not Landing right here

while we're looking now next to the

Delta but unfortunately we moved and

fortunately we've moved across this gym

field that we just you just sort of

scrape across the screen

that it was happy to land in this area

just off the south of the Dune field and

so that actually it was a lucky or

unlucky happenstance because it actually

learned a lot more about the rocks that

were close to

um knowing you're going to be

fascinating and you can see the engines

the engines don't actually light up but

they'd make a whole lot of dust appear

from underneath their services and you

can see these stunning images which I

always have to see the rover you'll see

a top you can see the rover looking up

and uh the bottom is the that uh entry

sent Landing um chest down

and then that fires away safely and then

the best thing ever really is because

demonstrated by these people jumping

around

um very excited

that was a very big day

yes this is uh this is the landing site

so I want to show you this video here so

um basically the landing site is between

two big beaches called This is here

and this service major here so it's a

the service major is a flat shield

volcano uh service major is a big

impact uh Basin and jezero is sort of

between them

is about 45 kilometers across uh this

Creator here which we call bellacrosia

uh it's about one kilometer across

um this some you can ignore the line is

basically a sort of

semi plan of um how we might have got

out of the crater in fact we couldn't

actually take this path because this

goes through those Dune Fields but

instead we've sort of gone around here

and around here and we're up over the

top available crater at the moment as

well

um see in just a second anyway but so

this was um some thinking um if we had

landed here we might have gone across

there but that that

didn't come

didn't come in the past

you can see this Delta feature here and

the Delta features what Drew us to this

crater because

um here on Earth we know that wherever

you see Deltas you also see water so

what we're looking for the water that

formed this

um Delta and

so that that's really the driving

action behind our geological surveys of

the area and answering questions like

how long was the war around for and why

was it preserved and what else happened

either side of it you know can we get an

idea of what was laid down before and

after the Delta as well

um and why the water disappeared so

that's um couple of quick key questions

to just bring to anybody's mind

and we don't actually have answers to

those questions

I can give you some unwarranted um

speculation No Doubt

okay so and this um we have actually

seen this image as part of the sequence

but

um this is just a another fantastic

fantastic edl uh single camera image

um from Soul one we we number our souls

day by day so they're Martian days

um that we keep track of and and so

you'll see me reference different Souls

uh that's just what Martian day we are

in the mission

um uh that shows uh here and that um the

Green Dot is where our Landing point is

and this is what we look like on the

field when we started taking photos uh

of this uh Landing site

um uh it's called Octavia Butler Landing

site um after the

um science fiction author uh and um

this one shows you also the scour monks

as you can see where we kicked up a lot

of that dust as well and so quite

interest to see whether we'd uh exposed

uh much in the way of rocks um as we

look back and grab these images here

um but I also love this image because it

shows off in the distance

um and tantalizing points and I've just

labeled a couple of them here but this

uh what we call butal Mesa which might

be familiar to some people in the West

this is part of a Delta system actually

as were found we didn't know it as we

were looking at it but we call it Kodiak

and it became the first uh science it

began the subject of the first science

paper from a mission

um because it has huge Boulders in a

meter-sized folders in it that we

weren't aware of

um of uh the intensity of uh the waters

that load through this to produce

meter-sized Boulders

um at this distance from the uh the

inlet Channel which is just over here

and then there's also the you can see

these rims in the this this uh mountain

in the distance uh is the creative Rim

about 10 kilometers I promise at this

time at this point

uh and we also see some of these low

line areas in the

um middle distance here Delta deposits

that we're also going to explore so this

is just a lovely image to show you

um uh what we were doing at this time

and also what um what's Driven the

missions then

okay

let's talk about

um some of these amazing images so

most of you will be aware that we also

have on borders uh a helicopter

called Ingenuity and it's these amazing

images of our anti-descent landing gear

as I mentioned

um it was all shiny when it four way to

Mars and now it's ended up uh on the

surf here uh looking a lot like the

ruins of the Titanic

um with the parachute uh behind it as

well so

um in that and this is uh

um these images came from sold 218 of

the mission

um we're now at about Source uh

790 now

uh and this uh we also um took a lot of

uh debris photos so this one here is the

um part of the idiot sense stage so

we're really making a lot of mess this

has got quite itself into this rock here

which is part of the Delta system too uh

and um so yeah we're making a lot of

mess around on the surface

this is one of my favorite recent images

um for those of you who haven't seen

this so this is really a where's Wally

for the uh hello but here this should be

here

this happened install 772

um and uh that we um you can see any of

the images that have these uh uh this

type of uh

cylindrical uh obstruction here that's

um they're all going to be things taken

from the cameras of uh the helicopter

um and you can see my mouse right I'm

not just some

yeah I'll assume you can see my mouse

and if you can't you can comply but but

the here you can see the rover right

here

um so what uh what was happening here is

that the road this is the Belleville

craters that I mentioned at the start

um this is the Rover observing Belva

crater so that's one kilometer across

crater that's what it looks like from

the surface the Rover is looking over

the rim of the crater uh we decided we

didn't want to go into because it was

probably going to be too dangerous and

just uh it just looked like a lot a lot

of uh a big challenge to go around a lot

of Dunes in the middle of it which are

covering the surface up

um but the helicopter is taking

um yeah taking an image over the Rover's

shoulder if you will so

um yep that's uh

one of my favorite images from uh from

the heli

um I also mentioned that um we've been

picking up on parts of the Delta here

and you can you can see

um some of these rocks here we're still

arguing exactly what um relationship

they've had from the from

the Delta because these are obviously

layered rocks we call this but he's Rock

um and these come from uh on top of the

Delta so they don't have any other rocks

on top of them but they're sort of

capping Iraq and they could be caused by

the last messages and the Delta sort of

dying out over the top of a more active

Delta stage

um below that that Israel outcrop and

actually uh so you can see that the

Betty's Rock which is this one here fell

down from up here so it's sort of made

its way down onto the surface where it's

sitting now and we checked it out very

closely because we wanted to take a

sample from it

um unfortunately it was really hard to

get to drill onto the surface

so instead we selected another Target

it's um a flat Target

down here it's here of course then we

call that skin is Ridge and so just here

so very compelling sample was taken you

can see I drill coil here and the drill

tailings here and actually we uh we

always take um uh an abrasion and

um next to the core so we can compare

the core with um some fresh surface so

just like any geologists let's look at

some fresh

rocks we can do that with our what we

can get through all the Dust by Drilling

in with our aberration tool and so we do

that every time that we have uh a desire

to do what we call um it's in situ

science and that usually involves uh the

uh instruments on the turret um on the

arm of the Rover and you can see a

couple of pictures here of those

instruments there's a drill

um pointing out here uh and there's also

here is then this white box here is the

pixel instruments but that can also be

put down onto the surface and check out

these and every time we do take a a

drill Whip and have the um opportunity

too we we always do take these pixels

that gives us a lot of high resolution

images of the surface and we also get an

elemental

um uh abundance map of uh of from this

surface as well so it's very very

Advanced um built at JPL

custom built for the Rover we also have

some a lot of

um we have the abrasion tool we had the

we have the Sherlock tool as well which

is a Ramen instrument

um that can map the surface uh in um

Ramen and we also get a

lot of information from the Watson

camera which goes with the Sherlock

Sherlock and Watson of course

okay I mentioned this paper this is our

first paper and this is just um uh it

gives you an idea of what we did with

the images you can see that we've really

got up close to this Kodiak feature that

was uh pretty close to our Landing

eventually we got up there and um well

quite close up there to take these

images and these amazing meter-sized

Boulders and there's a little little

layering to them too and sometimes you

can see that there's a little bit of um

grading to them meaning that there's the

biggest ones are in the bottom and a

little bit of uh

um a smaller grain size on top of that

that's not very strong in this in this

image but you know there's a little bit

of grading there

um and so to to propel these meter-sized

Bowlers because these have come from

somewhere outside the Cradle through the

crater Inlet while the water's flowing

so this is a with this information

which we weren't able to take from all

of it for example we were able to then

quantify a lot a lot better and the uh

the nature of the

um Delta system and also the strength of

the water that's flowed there in the

past

this is our second science paper here

um just to take you through this was one

um where we looked uh in those June

cupboard areas

um that we eventually called satar so if

I say SATA that's what I mean it means

in the dunes um so basically we um uh

see we sampled that area with our

proximity instruments and we were able

to find

um undeniable evidence here from these

samples in here for example of

um igneous this rock was igneous that

means an informative volcanic

lava flows so in the past we had a lava

flows that formed these rocks here which

is very exciting

um okay let's go down you

you guys are probably desperate to ask

questions so let's go down to the bottom

I'll tell you a little bit about

uh my background here and why I'm on

this mission is because I like to study

ancient rocks so this is um this is an

image taken from when I was flying over

the pilbara region which is an area

you're in Northwestern Australia

and it's had some of the oldest rocks in

Impact we have stromatolites down the

bottom of this sequence here so we would

trying to take images of them from the

air and trying to get an idea

um whether we could detect

instrumentalites safe from helicopters

um and we're actually nearing a very

interesting phase of the mission where

we're actually on our way out of the

crater

um and Ingenuity has just rejoined us

after about 60 Souls of not

communicating with us because we've been

busy doing other things but Ingenuity

might be able to help us explore the

area just on the exit of the crater

uh this just shows you a little bit more

we have this Theos article that came out

about some using the Martian rocks um uh

for sample return of moss

um and so also I just want to mention

before we get into questions is that

we'll we have a um we are the first

mission in the mass sample return

Mission so basically our our

um mandate is to get the most compelling

samples

um that we can we've made a cache on the

surface already so we have 10 samples

out in the case that's the initial case

that will be brought back here um

if we have a um issue with the Rover but

if we don't have an issue with the Rover

the Rover will be just presenting the

samples that we've that we've currently

got on board

um at the moment to the Mars sample

return

Landing vehicle

so this just shows you how we get the

samples back into the Rover

um and then we rotate them through and

then they

we document them we take images of them

to make sure that we've got an up sample

because a couple of times we have issues

with not getting enough sample

and if we don't have enough sample we

can reuse the tube but um we prefer to

not reuse juice because uh but in in

this in this point we'll also I will

measure seal the seal is actually a test

CL sample tube that sounds so easy but

it's actually really tough because we

have to feel it in such a way that it's

now going to be um

that's not going to transfer any of that

material out

if the tube gets dropped onto the

surface for example which we have to

drop it onto the surface for patient and

stuff like that

um so yeah feeling is is a challenge

it's um

yeah

this challenge so this is uh this is our

first 12 samples um this isn't going to

show you all of them and but um

currently we're up at about sample 20

um but this is where our first 12 were

taken from I mentioned those potato ones

in Baraka new cells so we Source images

of those and then um we've taken some

here of the Delta front uh and also

there's the Delta top as well to try and

get an idea of what the ages might be at

the base of the Delta and then get an

idea of how the um rocks of age uh it's

how long the Rover how long the Delta

system took to deposit so I'm using the

um using geochronology on these samples

where we get them back into our Labs

because the Rover can't do geochronology

so when we get these back to Earth we'll

be able to constrain how long the water

system was active for for example

okay

how about I just leave it on this line

here

and yes you guys can transfer to

what's your mode if you like uh if it's

that could give us a good time to go

it's a perfect time and with the

questions are coming in um so

um Ahmed would like to know how does

NASA analyze images from the

perseverance Rover is it through

artificial intelligence and computer

algorithms or by human examination of

all captured images

right it's the ladder I'm afraid we

don't we don't use much artificial

um intelligence at the moment

um we basically

um uh Every Soul that I mentioned we

have the soul the Martian Dave and so we

we plan every day of uh marshes and

Seoul of the mark of the Rovers life so

basically

um as part of the plan we have people

um who are looking at the images from

the previous day and working me out

where where the best place is to take in

that the next image and so on so when we

get the images back they were if they

were in the previous in the uh previous

uh up there aren't Duty for the previous

day and the previous Soul

um and putting the order for the images

then they can look at the image the next

day so basically we we takes about 24

hours for the images to get back if

they're bad if if roughly anyway uh if

everything is going smoothly

quite often it's not because we have to

we have to deal with a pipeline which is

the deep space Network

um and sometimes you don't have the deep

space Network to ourselves for example

when the Artemis mission was going

through its testing we got cut off from

the deep space Network and sometimes

also we would go go into conjunction

which is when

uh the sun moves in front of the Mars

from from the earth and uh so that

happens roughly every 18 months or so

this is an excellent it's going to be in

November so we have a couple of weeks

off then but other than that we try to

keep her over working as um as hard as

hard as we do here and we

um we individually all got every

um image essentially that we that we

collect

um yeah there are a lot of images that

are also taken by the Rover just for the

Rover's purposes for example and the

Rover has a

uh automatic uh abilities to drive

automatically so I guess I should have

mentioned that as well let's not out of

well I'm not jumping to say that that's

artificial intelligence but it's it's a

form of form of autonomy that's uh

highly

advantage in terms of Mars rovers

because we're actually able to travel

um essentially you can point and click

um for the Rover plan is it it usually

doesn't work out but the Rover will send

back uh uh questions if it reaches say a

June that's impossible or somewhere that

it didn't feel that confident enough to

get through by itself

and then we can tell where to uh you

know to go around an object that in its

way and then actually we've sent some

we've set records almost up to about a

kilometer driving

um and that's uh yeah pretty

pretty cool

that is very cool I love

um that it has a brain right oh yeah

and then there's a couple of questions

about

a bump will return so I'll ask them one

at a time

um I might actually excuse me amen also

wants to know when will the samples be

taken from the surface of Mars reach

Earth when how

when and how

and then I have a couple of other

questions about the same subject

okay

so um I do have another slide on this

but I'm probably taking me too long to

find it so I'll just I'll try to try and

answer the um

so but at the moment

uh where uh my sample return

um which is the

um the second and third elements of the

mass sample return that that will

involve the law the um launching of a uh

a vehicle that's going to get onto the

surface

um and then it has to Ascent of Ascend

off the vehicle as well sorry Ascend off

the surface as well so that

that has to launch to Mars uh first

before we can

get any of the samples back so at the

moment the the launch date for that is

2028. uh we can't launch every year

because Mars comes into

um opposition with the Earth uh only

every

roughly 18 months so basically we have a

a restriction in that uh and then so

2028 will be the best opportunity

um and and allows us to work on the

development of the most critical items

which

first among which is the uh Marvel sent

rocket so that's that's something that

we haven't done before on another planet

um and then but then that process

collecting the samples um should be

pretty relatively quick so you know

probably

um if we hand over 30 samples maybe

it'll take up a month or so to get them

all across

um and then the Rover can go on its way

and then the Mazda sand vehicle can also

go on its way back to Earth

um so you know in theory that should

happen

um in the couple of years after 2028

but um get on the complexity of that

mission

um I think delays

it's not unreasonable to think there may

be delays in the mission

um and it's at the moment it's what we

call Bay three so it's still

um it's got the major Design Elements

all done

but there are some things that need to

be fleshed out still

um we have for example

um gone to a simpler um sample

collection design so initially uh Esa

was supplying the sample collection of

uh and then we had to change from that

um to cut down the costs we didn't want

to send too many things down to the

surface so instead we put in um a couple

of uh helicopters given how well that

Ingenuity is doing we've decided

so in the event that uh that we're not

here that they're over is not able to uh

hand over the samples then we're not

over then we can use these helicopters

to do that instead they have a gripping

arm as well so they're not quite the

same as Ingenuity they have a gripping

arm and they'll probably have some more

advanced cameras as well

um yeah and we have a bow to move around

as well so they have a ability to remove

uh perhaps more Wheels they can Rove

with as well

so I have a question because I wasn't

I don't I'm just not sure so is the cash

for the samples they're not all kept

together they're and they're just dumped

in separate places and the Rover has to

go find all of them is that what's

happening

uh yeah so the Rover has a um

the Rover has uh currently on board

um all the rest of the samples are going

to be in the Rover and taken by the road

and then the sample um what we've done

is we've uh if the Rover has a problem

we've got this backup cache that I

mentioned that's the first 10 samples

that we drop down onto the case

in an area that's pretty flat you can

see it's relatively flat in this image

too so that's going to help the the

um collection process as well so

essentially we have a um that's a backup

plan in case they're over

um doesn't make it through uh and if you

want to yeah if you if you want to know

the latest information on that

particular thing is that we if

um we can send off um sample return uh

and until about six months into its

journey to um

uh donate to Mars we can actually do a

uh maneuver

to choose between going somewhere

outside the crater where the Rover will

be or into the crater where the initial

samples

um cases was set up

I know it's it there are so many

contingencies in this very confusing

just getting it out is sometimes a

struggle it's complicated it is

planetary science and exploration is not

easy it's complicated right it's such a

wonderful project for these students to

work on

um Alex Alex would like to know how

large are the samples taken

right so they're about started a finger

about five centimeters long and about

this a cylindrical size so sometimes you

might think that's too small for example

um but we are getting 30 of these

samples at least that we'll get back

unless we collect the case which is only

the 10 samples but we expected to

collect 30 of these five centimeter long

um uh uh Rock samples uh and um you

might think they're small but that's

actually

um when we're doing our sample return

um analysis here on Earth

we'll be using a lot of non-destructive

technology to to look at these things so

such as X-rays and stuff like that uh

and and

um also be doing very thin slices of the

samples to some destructive methods but

mostly it'll be very

non-destructive techniques that we'll be

taking

um and I haven't even mentioned the fact

that we're actually also and this

becomes a lot in uh into this increased

cost is that we have to make sure that

there's nothing that's going to back uh

contaminate the Earth so we haven't uh

what we call a break the chain moment so

we have the samples housed in their own

little container inside the return to

Earth's vehicle which also increases the

complexity quite a lot

and I've just said quite a lot you can

imagine that's month years of work that

goes into those sort of procedures for

those engineers and I don't want to

brush over that yeah it seems like it's

going to be a long time but it really is

very important to to plan it correctly

um what are the scientists looking for

when they get the samples back to Earth

everything goes well we presume we hope

um what are they looking for in the

samples

right so um

primarily uh the first thing in any of

these samples that we'd be looking for

is any signs of life so any

time is

for example

um that we can't detect on the Rover so

we have some indications of Organics on

the road on the samples but we're not

able to fully characterize them so and

then they could be more advanced sort of

technology that we can uh turn on these

samples when we get them back to Earth

as well

each of these and so when I say date

that that's become a really really

um practice art now so we have a um the

ability to essentially date any point

you can see some of the crystals in here

like these are probably felt like

crystals maybe here um and and up

uh inout bowl for for example there's

some Olivine crystals as well so we're

actually able to date

um individual layers in the crystals as

well so and in particular they've got

any zircons or anything like that we can

do those that dating as well so uh when

we get the Delta samples which are these

Thornton gaps we've run Skyland they're

wallow hazelt very Hollow those sort of

samples you can also see that they're

very fine grained

um so we'll be able to put them under

the microscope the electron microscope

put them under a the string microscope

um detect any strings by that time I'm

sure we'll detected shrink Theory as

well by that time

uh so yeah

okay and um

a resolution

yep sorry there it's there your signal

was cutting out I thought you were done

talking sorry I didn't mean to talk over

you I apologize

um so on the sample return now that we

know they're looking for signs of life

and be able to do you know different

types of research how can we guarantee

they are not contaminated from landing

on Earth

yes that's yeah that's another part of

it I I did talk about I mentioned the

um the fact that we're Breaking the

Chain from Mars that happens you know

but around Mars and then where we get to

um back to Earth we also have to take

care that this doesn't just stand up on

the Dead the Florida uh the desert floor

in Utah for example like

um the solar samples it's um so we uh we

also have to take care that um we're not

forward contaminating the Earth

um with Martian microbes for example so

um what we're doing is we're the

Nashua is now building a a new building

to house these samples um it'll be a

category five containment facilities so

things like positive pressure uh and

negative pressure at various parts of

the disability will have a top range uh

experimentation on board as as well so

these will do the initial

um uh

assessments for in particular for

bioseages and for Organics and those

sort of things could affect um

life here on Earth so

um and and and nullifying that

opportunity essentially like the lunar

sample did when they came back from the

Apollo missions

um so we'll be taking those sort of

precautions and more because Mars is

more likely than the moon to have

started some bio biological activity

so essentially

um after that processes have been

carried out you know maybe after a year

or so the scientists have looked over

these things and think that they

understand them enough to release them

to other scientific um analyzes around

the world for example because this will

be very much an international Mission as

well we have have participation from

either so they will be wanting to see

these samples in Europe as well for

example uh yeah so and and then we'll

also want to compare them with all labs

around the world as well and use their

um extends the art equipment as well

okay

um there's two more questions that just

came in and our next speaker is is in

the queue so

um feel free to make these as quick as

possible so for time's sake

um I can help her out uh I know so could

um Angela would like to know could you

talk about the terrain relative

navigation process

sure so yeah um but right now

yes I think that you're referring to the

uh ability to descend onto the surface

and lion

so yes that was

um carried out by our Asian Landing um

people so essentially they

um they had a map um that uh we wanted

to land just in here

next to the Delta

um and as you saw in that introdescent

landing video it looked like we were

going to land in here in the student

covered area just here and so instead

they sent us out

here where they're where I land we

landed about it's basically about here

um so that was all Guided by the terrain

relative navigation TRN and essentially

what the TRN allowed us to do was

compensate for any difficulties

encountered by the Rover independently

um in previous missions they've had like

20 kilometer size uh ellipses that we

had to make as flat as possible and that

so that's where we ended up in some

really flat terrain for the previous

Mars missions such as Earth and

opportunity they were in very flat

terrain

we were able to land in some very

challenging crime as you can see these

areas here that you know so we're

looking at

Belva crater here is about kilometer

across so a 20 kilometer ellipse would

Encompass this image plus more so that's

obviously not flat enough uh for spirit

and opportunity but with the terrain

relative navigation built in we were

able to make confident calls that we

were going to get down to the surface in

a safe spot and in fact it did work

um uh and sent us uh away from the Delta

away from uh the June areas which

essentially were were deemed as in

unnavigable before the mission

I hope that dealt with that question

and tissy I would like to know

when scientists analyze these samples

does the sample ever happen to trigger a

reaction in humans like an allergy which

I think is probably the most important

thing for a human Mission to Mars to

know ahead of time

yeah absolutely and that's I mean you

can see these samples

um that you can see uh they essentially

look pretty much like Rocky samples but

um as I mentioned we'll be looking for

these Organics

on top of these surfaces so there will

be Organics that we find in top in these

rocks that we're not able to blend with

the Rover anything that's going to harm

us comes into that organic category so

if we find that there's little to no

organic background that will give us

more confidence that we'll be able to

proceed and hand out these samples

outside of our sample return facility

so um

we won't be sending them sending them

outside of the sample return facility

until uh that check for Organics is

complete and obviously that will be a

very big bureaucratic sort of step to

sign off on probably the president will

sign off on

letting these samples out Joe Biden I'm

sure will still be

around with this of course

awesome wonderful I hope that is true

yeah Dr Brown so much appreciation and

gratitude to you for spending your time

with us

um today and your video this video will

be uploaded in the next couple of days

to the YouTube channel so feel free to

share this with whoever you like and um

I really appreciate you being here feel

free to stay for the next talk

um students we have Susan Jewell she

will be speaking next Susan is a space

medicine physician scientist analog

astronaut and exponential technologist

entrepreneur and a space coach for f

work empowered by USA space force and

U.S Air Force

um today we will

um let's see Dr Brown if you could

unshare so

Susan can share

her screen

today Susan Jewell will be talking about

space medicine and cybermedics

telepresence humanoid tele-robotics and

avatars so this is the fun stuff okay

welcome and thank you

thank you so much I know that was a

mouthful that's a really long title

it was it was beautiful it was beautiful

thank you so much Nicole for that

wonderful introduction and hello

everybody it's it's it's a pleasure to

be here and um from geology we're going

to go to technology

and uh so yes I've been in the field of

Frontier we call Frontier technology or

there's another word the coin

exponential technology and how do you

apply that for

um enabling Humanity to actually uh

thrive in space settle in space and also

ostein environments on Earth so

um with that said these are my two

organizations that we're heavily

involved in bringing and testing doing

research and development uh in all

fields of the acronym for steam right uh

to be able to develop these products

technology procedures whatever it is

that we need but you need to do

scientific research and then to be able

to validate improve a concept and and

then apply it in the environment that

you want so with that said let's move on

to the next slide so yes today my talk

is entitled cybernetic telepresence

humanoid avatars and the applications

I'll give you some examples of how we

can apply some of these early

innovations that we are working on for

changing the Paradigm for space

exploration of course to change the way

that we conduct Health Care on Earth and

how how can that also be translated for

you know space for Celestial settlements

where we go back to the moon and Mars

definitely for education and

entertainment which I'm sure most of you

have worked or maybe some of you have

not experienced virtual reality and then

been entertained you know in that Arena

you know in a virtual world or if you're

a gamer that's a form of you know using

these avatars

in a certain way to entertain yourself

um I was just wondering why I can't move

forward oh there we go now so the idea

of cybernetic uh avatars is not new in

fact the leading country that is

developing these capabilities is Japan

Japan is heavily involved in Innovation

and bringing in robotics into our daily

lives so they literally the the the

government of Japan is working on this

moonshot goal to bring avatars in this

case cybernetic avatars into life as

part of your life and their goal is how

can they

conduct and they perform and develop the

idea the moonshot goal of the

realization of building a future society

and of course this can you can

extrapolate this to to the space right

the moon Society the Martian Society in

the future but the realization of a

society in which human beings are free

of limitations of our own physical body

our brain the space that we live in and

and they want to be able to say by 2050

we will have the capability

integrating all these sort of

Technologies right

robotics avatars telepresence you know

into all these other aspects of our

lives here on Earth and in in you know

on the from the future maybe living on

the Mars and so here obviously they've

given you this is sort of their top

level visual diagram of how you can

apply this these uh cybernetic avatars

into interacting in disaster relief in

the sports you know and health and and

and creative ways as well so this is

really interesting leaving you as a way

as a sort of introduction that this is

not a New Concept it's been there

um over the the last you know decade and

it's just hasn't been adopted in on a

global basis but we're expanding this

because now the technology of immersion

you know using uh spatial Computing

which is which you all know is the

hololens or it's the Apple just released

augmented reality headset the capability

of us going into the so-called metaverse

right as avatars at interacting with

each other interacting with the

simulated world is is now a feasible way

to to to do this so with that there is

actually this is given this is really

interesting because there's this

organization called 2045 if they're

being you know online for over a decade

but this is their sort of projection

Milestone of how they see this whole

idea of us being integrated into avatars

or interacting with avatars and this is

sort of you know I mean obviously it's

not uh it's going to set in stone but it

gives you some kind of their sort of

vision and some timeline Milestones of

where they see the technology and where

we will actually move forward so you

know 2014 2045 maybe we will have the

ability to have our own holographic like

avatars well we already have that there

are platforms and software where you can

create your own avatars where you can

create really lifelike avatars that you

can one interact with or one that

represents you so even now today at 20

you know 2023 we the capability of

hologram avatars of self or others or

interacting with other others is is

already a possibility and then the other

you know they're saying okay then taking

it more involve to be able to interact

having artificial brains you know be

able to trans transfer personality or

Consciousness into the avatars that's

kind of where the you know there are

some elements of that happening and in a

minute I'll show you for example what

neural link is doing which is formed by

Elon Musk right if you don't know who

Elon mus you should Google him but he's

a CEO of SpaceX so but he also is

thinking of how you can interact upload

your

your brain uh onto the internet right

into and that's where the neural link

capability is and those that's just an

example anyway I won't go into too much

of this slide but this is interesting

because this organization has been there

online you know for the last decade or

so and when we look at where we are now

you know with the Technologies all this

have been written out as a milestone

Vision it's actually coming into

manifestation

okay I don't know why I can't go forward

and so here we go the very first on this

is very you know like every time we

develop a technology it's going to start

very crude right but look where we are

now there are companies and there's

Tesla Tesla's Elon Musk company he's

building the you know electric cars

but he's also creating a humanoid robots

so these and and this was just recently

shown when they did their sort of you

know a shareholder meeting and they

showed a group of of their humanoid

robots that were moving together and the

idea is you can have yourself interact

you know with the humanoid robot or you

can be in the humanoid robot

teleportation quote quote

um to be able to then interact with your

environment that blatter is what we're

working on not so much as the humanoid

robot itself being as you know an

independent autonomous robot you know

which is where they're heading but we're

talking about cybernetic where you're

able to transport your humanoid

sensorium into a robot format and

doesn't have to be a humanoid like this

in a minute I'll show you our flying

drone cybernetic human robot tele Avatar

robot

um so it's the it's the ability for sort

you know integrating your humanoid

sensorium using all these senses and

these headsets to be able to interact

with that environment that you're not

physically present but you can you can

teleport yourself there your sensorium

there and interact in real time

so here we are the neural link right

here it's really interesting is what

they want to do this is the very first

step of integrating the the human brain

and uploading our brain interface with

with it with a computer right so that's

what this company is and there are other

companies or other groups are doing this

right but the whole idea of you know in

the future and not too distant future we

will literally have you know our ability

to interface

with each other from you know using our

brain we don't have to be physically

there but interact with each other you

know because of this capability and and

I'm not going to go into too much of

this but what's so interesting is the

fact that this neural link chip you can

see here on the right these are chips

that are implanted there are very very

small scale kind of Nano scale or even

Pico scale right 10 to the minus 12 very

it's thinner than the the shaft of a

hair and you can implant these chip a

certain aspects of your of your brain

cortex that controls certain motor

function or sensory function and you're

able to

stimulate that area to perform you know

whatever you want so in this case what's

so interesting their first case is they

got the FDA approval which is an

enormous achievement for the first human

trials that's going to happen later this

year or early next year to for paralyzed

patients in in other words there able to

say can we use these brain chips right

that will then allow a paralyzed patient

to have motor capabilities that they

didn't have before right so this is very

early but think about where when it

matures say in the next decade in the

next 20 years it wouldn't just be for

paralyzed patients it would expand to

healthy quote unquote patients and maybe

would use I'm just saying you know uh

they could be able to enhance our

capabilities

so this is really interesting but it's

back to that huge this slide right where

we at you know it's saying here 20 30 20

35 you will be able to have the

interface of your Consciousness your

brain onto the internet right which in

the past was never a feasible

possibility but it is now

and then another interesting

capability of brain interface control uh

using technology is this company called

openvci and they you they built this as

a DIY you can go to it's openpci you

build your you buy these kids and you

can build these EEG headsets but what

they've shown recently was amazing was

this a paralyzed person that went on

stage and they built this brain

interface with this uh EEG headset and

this paralyzed person was able to fly a

drone you see the Drone in ahead here to

fly this drone just using his thoughts

that is an amazing achievement to be

able to use your thoughts have these

impulses that are you know stimulated by

this EG asset and then with your thought

be able to fly a drone that is another

an example of where this these

Technologies are moving forward

so with that I want to show you what

we're doing

um that is another kind of concept of a

humanoid cybernetic humanoid avatars in

this case like I said you don't need to

have you know well a robot looking like

that right it doesn't have to be human

looking

who says it has to be look this one is

not just actually a you know a headset

uh EEG headset and flying flying an

object in this case a drone in our case

our our sort of you know robot is our

hybrid drone and uh and Rover and

onboarded all these Technologies you

know and here with onboard with

with telepresence uh avatars by using

Excel space Computing coming in but

putting on you know also integrating

with

um digital twinning and later on I'll

show you proof of concept we're actually

uh been able to run a robotic arm using

a virtual we're using the hololens right

the spatial Computing how you can

maneuver the robotic arm without

actually physically there maneuvering it

and using virtual reality or another

augmented reality but the idea is you we

bought it on telemedicine capabilities

so you can interact Real Time with

medical people your surgeon your doctor

or it doesn't even have to be medical of

course we apply to medicine right now

because that's our main focus but in the

future maybe on Mars you say well I need

a professional plumber an electrician

you know well then they can teleport

themselves in this in this sort of uh

setting and be able to interact with you

in real time and help you and support

you

so I'm going to show you hopefully this

plays the video of this concept the

magic note

and oh

I forgot to uh Nicole I forgot to put on

the video a sound so I think

because you won't be can you hear this I

don't know

can you hear that no no so I think I

need to stop and then stop sharing and

come back in but I have to share

um the sound and the audio oh there we

go so I'll do it now sorry about that

everybody no problem no problem you know

you okay now optimize video it won't

allow me to do that so never mind okay

now it should work shabbata here so tell

me if you can hear the sound

Avatar medic yes drone the flying Da

Vinci Avatar medic meta knot drone will

enable on-site medical providers and

First Responders to have access to Next

Generation life-saving interventions and

training moreover using the power of

telementoring the Avatar medic drone can

instruct and support non-medical persons

to render accurate life-saving Aid

metanna is capable of locating injured

persons in remote environments landing

near moving toward and providing data

stream of injured persons status The

Meta knot is controlled via mixed mode

of direct operation and autonomous

pathfinding

Wheels with motors within and four-wheel

steering ability enable ground Mobility

the Drone features two snake-armed

articulating end effectors for grabbing

and precise cutting and suturing the end

effectors are designed to enable wide

pressure for bleeding control and

patient assessment along with

retractable laparoscopic end effectors

opening the possibility of suturing and

basic surgical interventions

modular storage Bays modular splint

backboard system and other medical

intervention Technologies enable the

Avatar medic drone to render effective

Aid in remote and austere environments

okay so right now you know we've been

working on the sword Disney let me go

forward

that's so strange

that's why you play videos and it's like

it won't let me move my video forward

I'm in my presentation

I don't know how to do this

here we go there we go oh no all right

um so with with that you say well that's

really difficult well right now we're

we're very early building the Prototype

and it's it's a matter it's like

anything that is hard or hard to do you

have to work in a very

multi-disciplinary environment with lots

of different people from different

expertise areas right so that's kind of

what we did we created environments

where we have experts in robotics

experts in XR telemedicine experts in

you know uh biosensors haptics and all

this and then coming together to solve

this problem and build this and that's

kind of why you know um it's the

feasibility of manifesting that Vision

will come come be a possibility right

and so right now we're also working

with the with the government to be able

to develop this capability because it

has advantages in terms of how do you

get medical uh attention or intervention

in real time in a battlefield or in a

disaster area right where there is no

access to resources uh to supplies to

Medical experts when you can't get the

the support there and so using this

capability where you can fly in where

you can do real-time intervention you

know

um at the injury site is now a possible

reality and then definitely for space

right there is at this point in time we

cannot do surgery in space we can't

really do medical intervention in space

and if we are thinking about living you

know on surface of moon and definitely

on the surface of Mars we've got to be

able to say can we actually help prevent

you know death can we help to interact

when there's life-threatening injuries

right and this is the capability I think

these capabilities if we're able to

really you know be successful in

developing it it will I'd say the answer

would be yes right but we definitely

need this before we even venture out

Beyond low earth orbit you know and to

say that we can be successful more to

planetary species but this is also

interesting because it involves a lot of

areas of of stem right so definitely

engineering but it also needs the

creative aspect team to come in and do

this so

I think that um you know for us being

part of the part of the sort of future

thinkers the Visionary the Pioneers you

know

um this is an exciting project per se

it's also uh ability to bring in Younger

Next Generation

Um Community students citizen scientists

are interested not only in space but in

there but in the engineering aspect in

the so the Visionary aspect of it right

uh to come in and work together right to

do this

so another aspect of being able to do

that is the virtual uh digital twinning

and virtual twinning is a new uh but a

very exciting area

um that is a platform technology that is

using all these sort of exponential

Technologies right using uh augmented

reality using robotics use simulation

using AI artificial intelligence it's

really the definition of a virtual twin

is when you build a simulated you know

um replication of whatever it is you

want a model of whatever it is so in our

case it's a robotic arm but it could be

a the surface of the Moon you can build

a virtual twin if you've got all the

data we definitely we have the

information about the geology of the

moon or Mars you know about the weather

about the the conditions there the

environment so it can be that kind of a

virtual twin that you want to develop

and and it's a computerized simulator

simulation of that twin that you want

and then you can do predictive and uh uh

analytics you can put in caveats or

problems and and and put those problem

sets into that twin that you just

created and and then it will be able to

you know uh try to find some solutions

for those particular problems right to

help you make decisions to help you

foresee problems that you can mitigate

or prevent in this case what we were

trying to do was build a robotic arm and

in this case you could see this robotic

arms all 3D printed uh is a very

expensive robotic arm so we're at 50 to

80 000 to buy one and then what we

wanted to do was to prove a concept of

using in this case you could see a

person wearing the hololens too which is

a spatial Computing XR headset and say

can we do a virtual twin replica of this

Rob body arm and and and then using the

virtual controls which I'll show you in

a minute of the video to maneuver the

robotic arm

and do the the the tests or the

Maneuvers that you want the robotic the

actual robotic arm to do but you do it

with a virtual arm first right the

virtual twin of the robotic arm and so

in this case we wanted to say because at

the end of the day we want to say we

want to use the XR to do the tasks you

know remotely

um and then that will be translated to

the actual robotic arm so at the end of

our you know when you remember the

medinol we've got the robotic arms doing

all the medical intervention right

um that's what we want to do you know to

be able to allow the surgeon or the

doctor to be able to manipulate the

robotic arm to do certain tasks right so

with that let's see if I could play uh

the the example and let's see I can

explain to you uh well I think you can

visually also

um see what this is showing you so here

he's got the hololens too special

Computing and he's got his handout

because he's looking

um at the virtual controls which is on

the surface of his

hand the Palm here all right let's play

this and see

so you could see this there's a pointer

because it's he's using a virtual this

is the virtual digital twin of the

robotic arm it picked up this brick and

it maneuvered from A to B and in a

minute you see his hand coming out and

he has on his hand superimposed the

virtual controls so he's just going to

actually point to the virtual control

and then there's a certain latency right

now which is kind of you know as half a

second latency and then the it will

translate the virtual arm movement to

the actual robotic arm and you could see

the robotic arm doing exactly the same

maneuver as as the uh virtual arm the

virtual twin so this was a proof of

concept for us to apply digital twinning

concept into our sort of medinal but

it's in this case I'm just showing you

this particular example but the digital

twin can be used for many many other

situations right and applications and

this is a really exciting especially for

Education

um you know the future of Education it

will change

her the ability for us to you know

immerse the the student and the and you

know the trainer into an immersive world

to do the training in real time right

and get to see a 360 uh of the

environment or of the model or whatever

it is right and then interact with it in

real time together

so another area of cybernetic uh avatars

is using uh avatars to do surgery uh to

do tele surgery tele anesthesia in space

and in our and if you don't know about

analog astronautics as an expanding

field it's it's a simulation of

um of actually in our case astronauts

you know they live and work together in

Crews and they're deployed to these

analog sites around the world into these

sort of habitats right and they they

live as though they're living on the

surface of the Moon or Mars and then in

that environment or that experience it's

experience learning they get to learn

about technology they interact with the

technology they get to learn about human

behavior the challenges and the problems

of working together in the small crew so

it's similar to the astronauts going

living on the International Space

Station but now we're saying we're going

to have have them as analog astronauts

because they're not literally in space

they're still under one g on Earth so

that's why it's analog astronauts but

they want to be able to give the

experience to the crew of what the

challenges are like living on the

surface of a planet and so in this case

with with our company Avatar many over

the years we actually work with with Mrs

to be able to deploy a lot of analog

astronaut crew missions to austere

environments we went to Nepal fifteen

thousand feet we'll be going underwater

to the habitat analog habitat of the

Florida Keys in early 2024 but in this

case

um we worked on developing the medical

technology for space medicine right

space Medics because in the future

we're definitely going to need a lot

more medically trained uh space Medics

or space doctors when there are more

people that will be boring and living

out uh in space right that's the

commercial space sector with Axiom space

with blue Origins orbital Reef you know

and other other organizations are

building these commercial space stations

and then of course the Artemis Mission

with the future of building lunar

settlements and then eventually Martian

settlements we can have in the next

decade or two thousands of people living

in space and working in space and then

the probability of accidents of injuries

is going to be there so how do you take

care of them so this is the whole idea

of building the avatars this

tele-robotic humanoid avatars where now

you can actually teleport the surgeon or

the doctor to that environment whether

it's to you know microgravity on the on

the commercial station or to the surface

of the Moon or to or to Mars they don't

need to literally have to be there in

person they teleport this with these

capabilities to interact so you can see

here where we have a crew you know and

they're there in this sort of analog

habitat of a space clinics or

prototyping right it's out in the desert

Mojave it's designated as the space

clinic or this the clinical area where

they do all the medical training and

this is the crew they're all non-medical

so the question was can we can they

acquire Knowledge and Skills

um you know by being trained or

telemented by the remote medical team to

do these particular basic life support

intervention basic you know surgery

basic anesthesia and using robotics so

in this case we have the same old same

robotic arm here but this was controlled

uh by a surgeon 300 miles away because

this is in Mojave and from Las Vegas the

surgeon was able to maneuver the robotic

arm remotely and work with the

non-medical crew how to actually do

intubation so this was really in

interesting and it's it's something that

we've been working on over the years to

be able to develop

these capabilities right and develop the

protocols and to train the non-medical

team how to acquire this knowledge but

then you can have you could see here

we're working uh with developing an

actual humanoid robot which was similar

to the Tesla robot but in this case

um bringing in you know the telepresence

so you could see and I'll show you as

our last part of the video

um actual you know interaction with a

patient during a simple neurological

exam you know but um it's the robot

that's going into the physical

environment but the surgeon or the

doctor coming in as via telepresence

right and talking so this would have

been but this technology was more

advanced a couple of years ago we would

have saved a lot of first respond or

Frontline Medical Healthcare

professionals because when the covet hit

the pandemic you know

um we didn't have the capabilities of

these humanoid you know know robots that

could go into the dangerous environments

you know in other words patients with

covet and and then they the surgeons can

interact or the doctors interact

remotely so they're not putting

themselves at risk we didn't have this

capability a few years ago so that

result of that was uh hundreds of you

know thousands of front-line doctors and

surgeons and nurses actually died and

and so it was a huge problem so but it's

never too late you know here we are at

today 2023 where the advancement of

tele-robotics and avatars has really

matured that allow us to be able to

build these capabilities but like I said

it's not only for space here on Earth

this is a clinical setting in a hospital

it could be out for disaster you know

mitigation support it could be his you

know this was a this image was created

by dalitu the software where there's an

interaction with the students may be

here this the the caveat could be the

students are living on the surface of

Mars or in a you know in a classroom you

have a robot but you have a specialized

expert coming in just like I'm coming in

talking to you by Zoom but now the

robots interacting with you but the

person talking to you is is an actual

person but living on you know living on

Earth right obviously Mars and there's a

latency so let's just say you know the

we overcame the latency and the person

is the teachers interacting with you in

real time but in this robotic presence

less than uh oops let me I want to stop

sharing this particular slide and I'll

show you this neurological exam of this

robot with this with the with the doctor

but it says me right

talking and doing conducting a

neurological exam with this patient so I

need to share another video if I can

um I think if you give me a second I

need to find a video

um all right here we go

and then I think I will take some

questions after I show you this video

okay so let me share this

Zoom has to assume forces to do all

these multiple steps

um okay it allows us to talk to you and

we're all far away from each other so

that's awesome I know exactly okay so

let me share this last video this is the

simple neurological exam using the robot

and the telepresence capability in other

words the cybernetic humanoid Avatar

Okay so

let's share

and can you see my screen now yes yes

all right here we are to do Barry and

I'm here to take the neurology exam I

just need you to relax and just follow

my instructions okay

first thing I need you to do is to keep

looking directly at my eyes and then

follow my instructions

so this is the pen light and I'm going

to shine it into your eyes now okay keep

looking at me and

that's right good

now I'm going to shine the light in the

other eye but keep just looking directly

at my eyes

okay

wonderful

Dorian all right so I mean that was a

short and quick but it gives you a good

example of the whole idea of you know in

that case you have the doctor you know

coming in with inside the you know the

robot Avatar right she's the the doctors

it's the Avatar but it's telepresence

and but the robot's physically there and

and the humanoid sensorium or the doctor

is there but the physical presence of

the Dot's not there so in a dangerous

environment you know where there's

patience has to be isolated because they

have a you know a virus that's

contagious you don't want the doctor to

be there you don't want the nurse to be

there you know they will you know they

will put themselves at risk so this is

is a way to do that but you can

extrapolate that into other austere

environments or dangerous environments

space right which is what we're talking

about in the future so the idea of the

integration of the convergence of all

these Frontier Technologies right is

going to enable us to to do this and

it's a really exciting time for us at

this juncture of our Humanity that will

allow us to actually because we don't

just want to go to space and then you

know what we're not tourists I mean

there will be a sector where people just

go and visit Victoria and come back but

there's many of us who like Elon Musk

and Jeff Bezos with blue engine want to

build you know uh Humanity multi become

multi-planetary and have permanence in

space and so we want to thrive there and

not just live there right I mean just go

there and visit come back we don't just

want to survive we want to fly and

that's the importance so all right

that's the end of my presentation open

to questions

wonderful presentation thank you so much

for sharing your knowledge and time with

us and I'm sure as these students are

planning a human Mission to Mars medical

information is very very important

because inevitably something's going to

happen to somebody when they're on Mars

um medically

um Ahmed would like to know how will

this technology help with a delay of the

20-minute time to transmit the signal to

Mars yes so that's what I said earlier

it's called latency right latency is the

delay in time of actual transmission to

get to you know whatever it is that you

want to get to right so that is a huge

problem with the technology latency but

but right now you know we're talking

about 5G you know which is reduces that

latency period but also you know it's

it's a challenge we have to work on it

you know there is there is research

looking at 6G

um but if we don't overcome the latency

I think that will always be a problem so

you have to say Okay think out of the

box you're not going to transmit from

Earth to to Mars you'll be on the moon

one of the Moon of Mars and so maybe

your mission control will be there your

medical team will be there so therefore

that latency would would not be a

problem the other scenario is actually

having Station to Station on the surface

of the planet so the latency wouldn't be

there so you have to think out of the

boss

and what I bet Quantum Computing if we

get that worked out that might help the

latency as well

um absolutely yes a good question though

right yes of course um Andre would like

to know if it can be used in a wide

variety of applications what are the

possibilities of the worst case scenario

of digital twinning being used is there

any risk for the user

the risk of the user no because you're

virtually it's a virtual computation

computerized environment that's why it's

called a

virtual digital training right digital

so you're not physically there

right that's the reason why we want to

build these humanoid cybernetic robot

avatars because the robot will be there

physically so if there's an explosion or

whatever right a mass you know radiation

exposure the robotics exposed not the

humans the humans are so fragile

like we're doing the Drone we did the

Drone I showed you the Drone rope the

medinort it's the Drone you know the

physical you know drone and Rover is

going to be there in that environment

the tech the presence the humanoid

presence of that human

is there but the physical molecular

structure of our human present body is

not there so we're not subjected to all

the environmental issues or or

catastrophe that's happening right there

right so we don't get injured does that

make sense

yeah and that's the reason why it's

needed right because we it doesn't make

sense to for example when we have

accidents you know like disasters or you

know or when even the astronauts doing

moonwalk it doesn't make sense to try to

solve a problem by putting others in

that same situation and putting them at

risk right technology should enable us

to mitigate that and that's what this

whole idea is where the humans there but

they're not physically present you know

they're molecular structure is not there

so they won't be subjected to the the

threat right but they could still do the

things that's needed right the

interaction can be there in real time

and still can perform the task right

because their inside is kind of like

putting yourself inside a robot you know

strike a physical structure that's that

you can manipulate and move right I mean

it's it and that prevents you from

putting yourself into Danger

and that's always an important right

safety first right and tissio would like

to know what if there is a malfunction

in the humanoid robot I presume she

means specifically if a surgery is going

yeah that's a very good question but

remember any time that you want to use

technology it matures over time right

and so we're very early stage in this

trying to apply this into this setting

so like anything you do it's called

prototyping

iteration validating proving it over and

over so it becomes more you know more

efficient and more mature the technology

and the you know the the re the

reduction in the risk and the problems

but

no system is ever 100 percent

efficient no system at all so you just

gotta try the best you can by trying to

mitigate and reduce as as many of the

risks and most problems the way you do

that is to do keep doing iterations of

it and and finding out what the problems

are and try to solve those problems and

you move on you keep evolving and

maturing it right and that's that's

where we're going so the good idea the

good example is is our cell phone right

when we first started with communication

centuries ago we didn't have cell phones

right we just had you know the the was

it the I forget what they call it typing

thing

yeah exactly and then it became the

rotary phones which I used in my that's

how old I am I use rotary phones right

darling rotary I mean that is an example

of course you know it took a long time

to get to the cell phone and where we go

now we got the headsets and you know the

AR XR headsets and where that's going

you know but at the end of the day it's

the sort of the the reduction and the

miniaturization of everything and the

reduction of time to get to places to

get to communicate that's what

technology does right you know I'm

always just example coming out of the

cave and where we are now right you know

and our Mobility mobility and

communication are two great examples and

you look back in history and where it's

go where we are now how technology has

enabled us to where we are now and to

then where we're going to go right so

those are two good examples so back to

your question is of course we're not

going to be doing surgery right now

because we're not there yet but that's

kind of where the future where we want

that's one of our Target goals so we'll

work out to get to there but the idea

that we can teleport are human or

sensorium with all these Technologies at

this point in time is an amazing

achievement that's what I would say and

and we're looking for pioneers and

Visionaries and and people students who

are interested in in working in this

field and being able to be part of this

because it's still very early Innovation

right still very early pioneering work

you know so and just like a cell phone

cell phone was created under NASA for

the early days of astronauts the early

human space flight for the for for us

and they needed to communicate they

created you know the cell phone

communication right so you know

look where they started when we communic

when they did that they had a whole room

of computers and it had less compute

computation power than we have and they

but they're able to do that to land

humans on the moon right if you if you

believe that humans in land on the moon

which they did

so so yes I saw a vision that's our goal

we want to be able to be able to do

surgery in remote areas overcome the

challenges was the first question

latency

um but but there are but like you say

Nicole Quantum Computing the ability

other new discoveries maybe we haven't

found yet that will come into

manifestation that will allow us to

solve these problems but it's better to

do it have a vision start prototyping

you know pioneering it and see where it

goes right

absolutely otherwise we'd still be in

the cave right if we weren't always

innovating we would yeah however

yes it's true but however if you want to

live in a cave uh if you want to live

underground and you have that experience

as part of our analog missions is to

give you this real what we call

experiential learning so we're actually

going to be doing underwater aquinotics

so you can learn to to to to live

underwater in a habitat or we actually

do love notes to go in the lava tubes

and do missions there and even in a cave

it's kind of cave-like right caver notes

the point is there's a long word for

that I can never say it's splinunklings

but an inkling is cave divers and so the

ideas using these very extreme

environments or very unique environments

to do these missions and then test

technology as well as human behavior

right and it's really interesting

because you'd never know what

predicament you will find yourself and

when you actually live you know when

you're in space or when you're on the

surface of moon and Mars one day right

so it's better to have all these skill

sets and experience in your pocket right

so you may if you're confronted it in a

particular environment that's unusual

that you see or challenges you've got

this this set of tools or experiences

that you can default to and and help you

out of a very sticky situation and a lot

of these Osteo environments is pretty

potentially life-friendly right which is

what space is so it's not space camp

right

it's totally not space camp it's about

how do you survive how do you thrive how

do you test technology to be able to

support you because technology is there

to support you not to replace you

wonderful wonderful answer

um students give the biggest Round of

Applause to our speakers today

interesting incredible wonderful

information so much gratitude from the

Mars society and myself and the students

your video will be uploaded in the next

day or two this will be students if you

would like to re-watch you're getting a

lot of getting a lot of hand clapping

hands and thank yous it will be uploaded

on YouTube and linked on the syllabus

our last talk is today in two hours from

now

um Lee Grant irons will be speaking

again thank you so much Dr Jewell and Dr

Brown much much appreciated

um Nicole I want to say to everybody

here I'm actually the director of the

mall Society Los Angeles chapter so

reach out to me if I I'll put it or

maybe they can get hold of my email

Nicole you can give them and and we also

will be conducting several analog

missions so if you're interested in

joining our missions or bringing in a

project or or work on a project with we

do offer internships and if you're

qualified for students for scholarships

to do that then you're more than welcome

so thank you so much for this

opportunity

good luck to everybody so much thank you

very much and I will be speaking again

about judging and mentoring as well

thank you students thank you speakers

have a wonderful day I'll see you guys

later bye I'm Prosper long and prosper

bye