Engineering Design Competition

Transcript for 2023 International Mission to Mars: Engineering Design Competition - Adrian Brown by Merlin

2.82 - 3.78 good morning everyone

5.64 - 7.98 um welcome back to the last day of talks

8.52 - 10.08 for the international Mission to Mars

10.44 - 12.84 design competition today we have

13.68 - 14.34 um Adrian Brown

15.66 - 17.82 Dr Adrian Brown is currently working as

18.06 - 20.58 a planetary science researcher at the

20.7 - 22.32 NASA headquarters in Washington DC

23.18 - 25.62 Adrian has a background in computer

25.86 - 27.72 science in electrical engineering his

28.14 - 29.76 first degree was in electrical and

30.12 - 31.8 Engineering from the Australian Defense

32.28 - 34.86 Force Academy and Canberra Australia

36.72 - 39.3 Adrian is a certified Java programmer he

39.9 - 41.94 completed his PhD in Earth and planetary

42.48 - 44.4 science at Macquarie University in

45.06 - 48.3 Sydney Australia and today he will be

48.48 - 50.4 speaking about the perseverance Rover

51 - 53.46 formerly known as Mars 2020.

55.32 - 57.42 um Dr Brown you have the floor and thank

57.66 - 58.56 you so much for being here

62.76 - 64.86 thanks very much Nicole uh just let me

64.98 - 67.8 know if I start to drop out on your

67.92 - 69.42 anything or the connections not so great

69.72 - 73.08 I will um I can always uh swap to a

73.26 - 76.86 better

74.28 - 76.62 Wi-Fi position in the houses and that's

76.86 - 78.42 this so um

79.32 - 80.46 great okay so

81.54 - 85.26 um

82.44 - 83.88 yes so so math 2020

85.26 - 87.42 um uh the story so far we're going to

87.54 - 87.66 talk through

88.56 - 90.18 um a little bit about the mission I'm

90.6 - 92.58 not going to see too much about what you

92.7 - 96 know so but probably for some of you who

96.3 - 99.48 are uh Marv uh Marvel files

100.86 - 102.48 um uh and who isn't really

103.86 - 105.24 um you probably know a little bit so

105.6 - 106.44 some of this may be redundant

106.98 - 108.6 information but hopefully I'm at least

108.72 - 110.46 giving it to you with an Australian

110.88 - 112.5 accent which you don't get every day so

113.16 - 116.22 yeah let's just jump at that uh and just

116.46 - 118.62 as a verification of the australian-ness

119.22 - 119.82 of um

120.42 - 122.34 of my background we've got the boxing

122.7 - 124.2 kangaroo down there in the bottom right

124.56 - 127.2 hand corner um so everything's gonna be

127.38 - 131.64 perfect

128.4 - 131.52 right first I I want to start with a

131.64 - 133.38 little pumping up video so this is

134.4 - 135.72 um is going to play automatically

158.34 - 159.9 are you seeing the video we're not

160.02 - 160.44 seeing the video

171.42 - 172.08 all right

174.78 - 177.84 um and just just to check were you able

178.08 - 179.22 to hear that video because I'm going to

179.28 - 180.78 play a couple more videos with noise so

181.2 - 183.6 if you weren't then um we didn't hear it

183.78 - 184.38 or see it oh

185.4 - 189.84 oh you didn't see it oh okay is it is it

190.02 - 190.32 on a different

191.04 - 193.08 um browser page or is it in

194.46 - 195.66 if it's no that's okay okay

197.16 - 199.74 yeah I'll just um talk through it so it

200.04 - 200.58 was basically a

202.32 - 203.04 sequence where

204.3 - 205.56 um um The Martian

206.46 - 208.86 um the future martians from um a scene

209.1 - 211.68 from uh the expanse uh the series The

212.1 - 213.42 expanse and it was when they were

213.54 - 217.8 dropping uh their uh troops onto CV to

218.1 - 222 take it back from the study of his um

222.6 - 224.64 so that's meant to be the pump up

224.76 - 227.16 section but um and now you'll just have

227.4 - 229.02 to uh accept a little bit about

229.86 - 234.24 um

231 - 234.06 Mars from today's Viewpoint shall we say

234.24 - 236.52 so we're not able to um doing dropping

237 - 239.22 around the soul system just yet but uh

240 - 242.4 you know who knows in our future it may

242.58 - 242.7 be the

243.72 - 245.88 okay so Mars 2020

247.38 - 249.06 um let's talk about the Rover the

249.36 - 250.8 mission of the landing site firstly

252.06 - 254.34 um my background is in geology so I'm

254.84 - 256.56 very interested in all things

257.34 - 260.76 um geological and geophysical so

262.02 - 264.48 um

262.86 - 264.24 might want to concentrate your questions

264.48 - 267.96 and

265.56 - 267.84 um on those lines when we come to the

267.96 - 268.14 question time

269.22 - 272.58 and this uh this is our launch uh from

272.76 - 274.2 the cape and back in

276.24 - 278.1 uh 20 20 July 30th 2020

279.48 - 281.58 um uh there was a magnificent launch

282.6 - 285.66 um can you see it uh okay I think your

285.9 - 288 slides is this all on your slideshow

288.48 - 290.34 because it's not moving forward on our

290.46 - 291.96 area yeah let me oh here it goes

293.4 - 297.72 okay

295.14 - 297.06 okay so now now you're seeing it yes

297.72 - 298.98 it's just not in presenter mode

300.06 - 302.42 okay

302.52 - 304.62 we can watch the video it's fun okay uh

305.34 - 307.92 okay seeing the slides now let's see if

308.04 - 308.94 I Advanced that it's okay

312.36 - 314.1 anything advancing for you guys

315.12 - 317.76 it's not advancing now it's the original

318.24 - 319.26 oh there it is

320.04 - 322.14 now it's advancing that's an interesting

325.14 - 327.26 um

327.9 - 329.4 I'll just I'll just show it in uh

329.64 - 331.44 present mode and and see

332.94 - 334.5 how good we can make it

338.58 - 339.48 so um

344.54 - 348.48 here okay so you can now see the first

348.84 - 352.8 couple of slides and so on yep yes okay

353.94 - 356.58 all right so um let's talk firstly about

356.7 - 360.42 Mars 2020 Rover here uh and now you can

360.54 - 361.5 see the launch and the cape

362.58 - 367.46 um

363.96 - 365.34 be able to review a little bit

375 - 377.54 foreign

380.9 - 383.04 let's proceed to our next slide here

383.22 - 385.02 okay so you're seeing that slide menu uh

385.56 - 387.6 that's our on route to my slide

389.1 - 392.16 yeah looks good great so this is uh this

392.58 - 393.42 was Captain just before we

394.38 - 398.22 um we have a a planetary science has uh

399 - 402.96 division

400.2 - 402.66 um at Nasa where I work has this uh eyes

402.96 - 405.42 and soul system uh app and you can see

405.6 - 407.58 where everything is so this has taken a

407.7 - 409.16 couple of days before we actually uh

410.24 - 413.82 entered uh um The Martian atmosphere and

414.12 - 416.22 went into our Landing sequence

417.54 - 422.52 um

418.7 - 422.16 uh and let me see if this is gonna play

422.52 - 426.26 Jump

424.38 - 425.1 looks good

426.26 - 427.56 can you hear anything

429.42 - 433.64 no

431.16 - 431.52 all right

436.02 - 438.06 okay so this is the landing here and

440.04 - 442.04 um

442.34 - 445.86 now in this sequence you should be able

446.04 - 446.22 to see

447.18 - 450.6 um

448.62 - 450.36 we'll have we'll have a parachute coming

450.6 - 451.02 out and

452.7 - 454.68 the imager um will be turning on there

455.88 - 458.16 okay so we're seeing a real video that

458.52 - 458.76 was spectacular

460.26 - 462.72 uh from our eel cameras it's interested

463.26 - 463.92 in landing cameras

464.76 - 466.56 uh this is the first shot that we had of

466.74 - 470.88 Mars

468 - 470.76 um now you can see our uh some of our

470.88 - 473.16 descent equipment has gone down to the

473.34 - 476.28 surface here and we'll show you a couple

476.46 - 478.56 of images of how that actually ended up

478.62 - 479.76 on the surface because we did

480 - 482.82 investigate where it went uh so we were

482.94 - 484.5 Landing in this Delta feature you can't

484.68 - 487.08 see the Delta at the moment you'll get a

487.26 - 488.88 little bit of a look at the side of the

489 - 491.28 delta uh and and um

491.88 - 495.24 what will happen is um the new engines

495.6 - 498.12 will start to lock up on on a spot

500.58 - 502.62 basically that means that the engines

503.4 - 505.32 have ignited uh and it's no longer

505.56 - 507.84 floating by Parachute so you can see

507.96 - 510.84 we're still just uh taking off uh the

511.02 - 511.74 parachute right now

513.84 - 515.64 uh and the feature that you see on the

515.76 - 518.04 right of the screen down here uh is a

518.22 - 521.7 Delta

519.24 - 521.4 um so we want to we wanted to ideally we

521.7 - 523.5 wanted to land next to or on top of the

523.62 - 524.88 Delta but what happened was

526.26 - 529.04 um during the sequence that the uh

530.04 - 532.56 navigation camera uh and computer

532.74 - 533.94 decided that it

535.14 - 537.26 um

537.6 - 538.68 areas that were promoting

542.9 - 543.9 so they

544.92 - 547.38 they decided to move this away from our

547.8 - 551.88 original plan landing spot and you'll be

551.94 - 553.92 able to see that movie take place so we

554.04 - 554.52 actually end up

557.22 - 559.98 and not even here not Landing right here

560.16 - 561.9 while we're looking now next to the

561.96 - 563.82 Delta but unfortunately we moved and

564.66 - 566.4 fortunately we've moved across this gym

566.58 - 568.08 field that we just you just sort of

568.2 - 568.8 scrape across the screen

571.04 - 573.84 that it was happy to land in this area

574.08 - 576.06 just off the south of the Dune field and

578.04 - 582.24 um

578.58 - 581.58 so that actually it was a lucky or

582.24 - 584.28 unlucky happenstance because it actually

584.46 - 586.8 learned a lot more about the rocks that

586.92 - 587.22 were close to

588.12 - 589.5 um knowing you're going to be

589.56 - 590.76 fascinating and you can see the engines

591.12 - 593.4 the engines don't actually light up but

594 - 596.16 they'd make a whole lot of dust appear

596.76 - 598.8 from underneath their services and you

598.98 - 600.36 can see these stunning images which I

600.6 - 603.3 always have to see the rover you'll see

603.42 - 605.22 a top you can see the rover looking up

605.58 - 608.76 and uh the bottom is the that uh entry

609.12 - 610.44 sent Landing um chest down

612.12 - 614.52 and then that fires away safely and then

615.12 - 617.88 um

616.08 - 617.64 the best thing ever really is because

617.88 - 619.5 demonstrated by these people jumping

619.98 - 623.28 around

621.42 - 622.2 um very excited

623.28 - 624.42 that was a very big day

625.38 - 627.72 um

626.52 - 631.02 so

627.72 - 630.54 yes this is uh this is the landing site

631.02 - 632.7 so I want to show you this video here so

633.9 - 635.52 um basically the landing site is between

635.82 - 637.98 two big beaches called This is here

639.6 - 641.88 and this service major here so it's a

642.06 - 643.5 the service major is a flat shield

643.8 - 646.2 volcano uh service major is a big

647.52 - 650.88 impact uh Basin and jezero is sort of

651 - 651.18 between them

653.4 - 657 is about 45 kilometers across uh this

657.3 - 658.26 Creator here which we call bellacrosia

659.06 - 661.08 uh it's about one kilometer across

662.22 - 664.2 um this some you can ignore the line is

664.56 - 665.7 basically a sort of

666.72 - 670.38 semi plan of um how we might have got

670.5 - 672 out of the crater in fact we couldn't

672.18 - 673.56 actually take this path because this

674.04 - 676.02 goes through those Dune Fields but

676.2 - 678.12 instead we've sort of gone around here

678.48 - 681.6 and around here and we're up over the

681.84 - 683.1 top available crater at the moment as

683.34 - 687.3 well

684.24 - 687 um see in just a second anyway but so

687.3 - 689.82 this was um some thinking um if we had

689.94 - 691.2 landed here we might have gone across

691.62 - 692.4 there but that that

693.08 - 694.08 didn't come

695.52 - 697.08 didn't come in the past

698.46 - 700.44 you can see this Delta feature here and

700.74 - 703.02 the Delta features what Drew us to this

703.26 - 703.8 crater because

705.3 - 706.32 um here on Earth we know that wherever

706.62 - 709.38 you see Deltas you also see water so

709.8 - 711.18 what we're looking for the water that

711.48 - 712.14 formed this

713.4 - 714.3 um Delta and

716.64 - 718.62 so that that's really the driving

720.42 - 724.68 um

721.08 - 724.14 action behind our geological surveys of

724.68 - 726.9 the area and answering questions like

727.2 - 729.84 how long was the war around for and why

730.62 - 732.84 was it preserved and what else happened

733.14 - 734.94 either side of it you know can we get an

735.48 - 737.76 idea of what was laid down before and

738.06 - 739.2 after the Delta as well

739.92 - 742.02 um and why the water disappeared so

742.44 - 744.18 that's um couple of quick key questions

744.42 - 745.86 to just bring to anybody's mind

746.88 - 749.16 and we don't actually have answers to

749.4 - 749.64 those questions

752.6 - 755.64 I can give you some unwarranted um

755.64 - 757.08 speculation No Doubt

757.98 - 760.44 okay so and this um we have actually

760.56 - 761.76 seen this image as part of the sequence

762.06 - 765.38 but

762.9 - 764.7 um this is just a another fantastic

765.38 - 768.42 fantastic edl uh single camera image

769.68 - 771.54 um from Soul one we we number our souls

771.96 - 773.58 day by day so they're Martian days

774.96 - 776.88 um that we keep track of and and so

777.12 - 778.26 you'll see me reference different Souls

779.28 - 781.44 uh that's just what Martian day we are

781.68 - 782.22 in the mission

783.96 - 787.08 um uh that shows uh here and that um the

787.5 - 788.88 Green Dot is where our Landing point is

789.12 - 791.04 and this is what we look like on the

791.16 - 793.26 field when we started taking photos uh

794.16 - 796.56 of this uh Landing site

797.88 - 800.4 um uh it's called Octavia Butler Landing

801.24 - 802.5 site um after the

803.34 - 806.7 um science fiction author uh and um

807.24 - 809.52 this one shows you also the scour monks

809.94 - 811.8 as you can see where we kicked up a lot

811.86 - 814.2 of that dust as well and so quite

814.68 - 816.78 interest to see whether we'd uh exposed

817.32 - 819.48 uh much in the way of rocks um as we

819.66 - 821.82 look back and grab these images here

823.56 - 824.94 um but I also love this image because it

825.18 - 826.5 shows off in the distance

827.4 - 830.58 um and tantalizing points and I've just

830.76 - 833.1 labeled a couple of them here but this

833.88 - 836.76 uh what we call butal Mesa which might

836.94 - 838.62 be familiar to some people in the West

839.64 - 841.68 this is part of a Delta system actually

842.16 - 844.08 as were found we didn't know it as we

844.2 - 845.34 were looking at it but we call it Kodiak

846.24 - 850.2 and it became the first uh science it

850.56 - 851.94 began the subject of the first science

852.18 - 853.56 paper from a mission

854.46 - 857.88 um because it has huge Boulders in a

858.08 - 861 meter-sized folders in it that we

861.24 - 862.08 weren't aware of

863.16 - 866.82 um of uh the intensity of uh the waters

867.12 - 868.62 that load through this to produce

869.16 - 870 meter-sized Boulders

871.38 - 874.02 um at this distance from the uh the

874.2 - 876 inlet Channel which is just over here

876.3 - 877.98 and then there's also the you can see

878.16 - 880.32 these rims in the this this uh mountain

880.68 - 882.78 in the distance uh is the creative Rim

883.28 - 886.32 about 10 kilometers I promise at this

886.5 - 887.1 time at this point

888 - 889.92 uh and we also see some of these low

890.46 - 892.8 line areas in the

893.58 - 895.62 um middle distance here Delta deposits

896.22 - 899.1 that we're also going to explore so this

899.4 - 900.78 is just a lovely image to show you

901.56 - 904.02 um uh what we were doing at this time

904.26 - 906.48 and also what um what's Driven the

906.6 - 906.9 missions then

907.86 - 911.64 okay

909.78 - 913.38 um

911.64 - 912.48 let's talk about

913.38 - 915.18 um some of these amazing images so

916.2 - 917.88 most of you will be aware that we also

918.12 - 919.98 have on borders uh a helicopter

921.3 - 924.18 called Ingenuity and it's these amazing

924.54 - 927.42 images of our anti-descent landing gear

927.72 - 928.14 as I mentioned

929.1 - 930.72 um it was all shiny when it four way to

930.9 - 934.2 Mars and now it's ended up uh on the

934.38 - 936.84 surf here uh looking a lot like the

937.26 - 937.92 ruins of the Titanic

939.06 - 941.82 um with the parachute uh behind it as

942 - 942.18 well so

943.26 - 944.88 um in that and this is uh

946.38 - 949.44 um these images came from sold 218 of

949.68 - 949.8 the mission

950.46 - 951.66 um we're now at about Source uh

953.24 - 954.24 790 now

955.5 - 958.92 uh and this uh we also um took a lot of

959.18 - 963 uh debris photos so this one here is the

964.32 - 965.88 um part of the idiot sense stage so

966.12 - 967.5 we're really making a lot of mess this

967.74 - 969.66 has got quite itself into this rock here

970.08 - 971.96 which is part of the Delta system too uh

972.96 - 975.54 and um so yeah we're making a lot of

975.72 - 977.22 mess around on the surface

978.6 - 980.64 this is one of my favorite recent images

981.9 - 982.8 um for those of you who haven't seen

983.16 - 985.62 this so this is really a where's Wally

986.22 - 989.64 for the uh hello but here this should be

989.82 - 991.94 here

992.28 - 993.12 this happened install 772

994.8 - 997.8 um and uh that we um you can see any of

997.92 - 1000.56 the images that have these uh uh this

1001.04 - 1001.52 type of uh

1003.02 - 1007.22 um

1003.76 - 1006.26 cylindrical uh obstruction here that's

1007.22 - 1009.02 um they're all going to be things taken

1009.5 - 1011.54 from the cameras of uh the helicopter

1013.58 - 1015.8 um and you can see my mouse right I'm

1016.16 - 1016.64 not just some

1018.04 - 1020.54 yeah I'll assume you can see my mouse

1020.66 - 1022.88 and if you can't you can comply but but

1023.6 - 1025.76 the here you can see the rover right

1026.06 - 1030.2 here

1027.38 - 1029.96 um so what uh what was happening here is

1030.2 - 1033.5 that the road this is the Belleville

1033.92 - 1035.42 craters that I mentioned at the start

1036.62 - 1038.84 um this is the Rover observing Belva

1039.38 - 1041.54 crater so that's one kilometer across

1042.02 - 1043.4 crater that's what it looks like from

1044.24 - 1046.7 the surface the Rover is looking over

1047.72 - 1050.84 the rim of the crater uh we decided we

1050.96 - 1052.58 didn't want to go into because it was

1052.76 - 1053.9 probably going to be too dangerous and

1054.14 - 1057.44 just uh it just looked like a lot a lot

1057.62 - 1059.96 of uh a big challenge to go around a lot

1060.08 - 1062.36 of Dunes in the middle of it which are

1062.54 - 1063.32 covering the surface up

1064.52 - 1065.6 um but the helicopter is taking

1066.74 - 1068.6 um yeah taking an image over the Rover's

1069.32 - 1069.98 shoulder if you will so

1071.3 - 1073.04 um yep that's uh

1074.6 - 1076.76 one of my favorite images from uh from

1077.12 - 1077.18 the heli

1078.92 - 1081.38 um I also mentioned that um we've been

1081.5 - 1083.78 picking up on parts of the Delta here

1084.02 - 1084.98 and you can you can see

1086.42 - 1089.12 um some of these rocks here we're still

1089.36 - 1091.18 arguing exactly what um relationship

1092.18 - 1093.14 they've had from the from

1094.1 - 1096.08 the Delta because these are obviously

1096.44 - 1099.56 layered rocks we call this but he's Rock

1100.7 - 1103.64 um and these come from uh on top of the

1103.82 - 1105.14 Delta so they don't have any other rocks

1105.56 - 1106.88 on top of them but they're sort of

1107 - 1109.4 capping Iraq and they could be caused by

1109.76 - 1112.4 the last messages and the Delta sort of

1112.88 - 1115.7 dying out over the top of a more active

1116.38 - 1117.38 Delta stage

1118.52 - 1122.18 um below that that Israel outcrop and

1123.02 - 1125.12 actually uh so you can see that the

1125.42 - 1127.1 Betty's Rock which is this one here fell

1127.88 - 1130.16 down from up here so it's sort of made

1130.76 - 1132.56 its way down onto the surface where it's

1132.74 - 1134.24 sitting now and we checked it out very

1134.48 - 1135.86 closely because we wanted to take a

1136.04 - 1136.7 sample from it

1137.6 - 1140.24 um unfortunately it was really hard to

1140.42 - 1142.76 get to drill onto the surface

1144.44 - 1146.3 so instead we selected another Target

1146.72 - 1148.52 it's um a flat Target

1150.16 - 1152.48 down here it's here of course then we

1152.66 - 1154.58 call that skin is Ridge and so just here

1154.88 - 1158.12 so very compelling sample was taken you

1158.36 - 1160.64 can see I drill coil here and the drill

1160.94 - 1163.82 tailings here and actually we uh we

1164.36 - 1167.6 always take um uh an abrasion and

1168.92 - 1170.96 um next to the core so we can compare

1171.38 - 1173.9 the core with um some fresh surface so

1174.08 - 1176.12 just like any geologists let's look at

1176.18 - 1176.36 some fresh

1177.26 - 1179.48 rocks we can do that with our what we

1179.66 - 1181.16 can get through all the Dust by Drilling

1182.12 - 1185 in with our aberration tool and so we do

1185.18 - 1188.48 that every time that we have uh a desire

1188.84 - 1190.94 to do what we call um it's in situ

1191.3 - 1194.12 science and that usually involves uh the

1195.08 - 1198.62 uh instruments on the turret um on the

1198.74 - 1200.36 arm of the Rover and you can see a

1200.54 - 1201.74 couple of pictures here of those

1202.06 - 1203.6 instruments there's a drill

1204.68 - 1206.96 um pointing out here uh and there's also

1207.5 - 1210.08 here is then this white box here is the

1210.32 - 1212.96 pixel instruments but that can also be

1213.2 - 1215.54 put down onto the surface and check out

1215.72 - 1217.88 these and every time we do take a a

1218.06 - 1219.8 drill Whip and have the um opportunity

1220.46 - 1222.76 too we we always do take these pixels

1223.76 - 1225.86 that gives us a lot of high resolution

1226.34 - 1229.46 images of the surface and we also get an

1229.76 - 1234.8 elemental

1230.9 - 1234.5 um uh abundance map of uh of from this

1234.8 - 1236.24 surface as well so it's very very

1237.14 - 1239.72 Advanced um built at JPL

1241.04 - 1244.64 um

1241.76 - 1244.46 custom built for the Rover we also have

1244.64 - 1245.48 some a lot of

1246.98 - 1249.92 um we have the abrasion tool we had the

1250.1 - 1251.96 we have the Sherlock tool as well which

1252.2 - 1252.8 is a Ramen instrument

1254.06 - 1258.2 um that can map the surface uh in um

1258.58 - 1260.24 Ramen and we also get a

1261.32 - 1263.12 lot of information from the Watson

1263.6 - 1264.92 camera which goes with the Sherlock

1265.28 - 1266.48 Sherlock and Watson of course

1267.98 - 1269.78 okay I mentioned this paper this is our

1269.96 - 1273.26 first paper and this is just um uh it

1273.38 - 1274.82 gives you an idea of what we did with

1275.06 - 1276.74 the images you can see that we've really

1277.04 - 1279.5 got up close to this Kodiak feature that

1279.68 - 1281.54 was uh pretty close to our Landing

1282.32 - 1284.42 eventually we got up there and um well

1284.96 - 1286.34 quite close up there to take these

1286.88 - 1288.1 images and these amazing meter-sized

1289.1 - 1290.78 Boulders and there's a little little

1290.96 - 1292.7 layering to them too and sometimes you

1292.88 - 1294.92 can see that there's a little bit of um

1295.78 - 1298.46 grading to them meaning that there's the

1298.88 - 1300.74 biggest ones are in the bottom and a

1301.1 - 1301.76 little bit of uh

1303.74 - 1305.6 um a smaller grain size on top of that

1305.78 - 1307.94 that's not very strong in this in this

1308.18 - 1309.5 image but you know there's a little bit

1309.62 - 1310.16 of grading there

1311.54 - 1313.7 um and so to to propel these meter-sized

1314.54 - 1315.74 Bowlers because these have come from

1315.92 - 1317.9 somewhere outside the Cradle through the

1318.08 - 1320.84 crater Inlet while the water's flowing

1321.14 - 1322.7 so this is a with this information

1324.08 - 1326.36 which we weren't able to take from all

1326.6 - 1329.18 of it for example we were able to then

1329.6 - 1332.66 quantify a lot a lot better and the uh

1333.44 - 1334.88 the nature of the

1335.72 - 1339.02 um Delta system and also the strength of

1339.2 - 1341.42 the water that's flowed there in the

1341.54 - 1346.4 past

1343.18 - 1345.32 this is our second science paper here

1346.4 - 1348.38 um just to take you through this was one

1348.98 - 1350.96 um where we looked uh in those June

1351.62 - 1351.98 cupboard areas

1353.18 - 1356.42 um that we eventually called satar so if

1356.66 - 1359.9 I say SATA that's what I mean it means

1360.14 - 1363.8 in the dunes um so basically we um uh

1364.1 - 1366.92 see we sampled that area with our

1367.1 - 1369.38 proximity instruments and we were able

1369.62 - 1369.74 to find

1371.12 - 1373.16 um undeniable evidence here from these

1373.4 - 1374.78 samples in here for example of

1376.58 - 1378.56 um igneous this rock was igneous that

1378.86 - 1379.76 means an informative volcanic

1381.34 - 1385.1 lava flows so in the past we had a lava

1385.46 - 1387.08 flows that formed these rocks here which

1387.92 - 1388.22 is very exciting

1391.58 - 1393.32 um okay let's go down you

1397.58 - 1399.14 you guys are probably desperate to ask

1399.26 - 1400.76 questions so let's go down to the bottom

1401.6 - 1402.56 I'll tell you a little bit about

1403.46 - 1407.72 um

1404.24 - 1407.54 uh my background here and why I'm on

1407.72 - 1410.6 this mission is because I like to study

1410.9 - 1413.3 ancient rocks so this is um this is an

1413.36 - 1415.16 image taken from when I was flying over

1415.28 - 1416.78 the pilbara region which is an area

1416.9 - 1418.58 you're in Northwestern Australia

1420.28 - 1423.2 and it's had some of the oldest rocks in

1423.32 - 1425.24 Impact we have stromatolites down the

1425.36 - 1428.48 bottom of this sequence here so we would

1429.14 - 1431.12 trying to take images of them from the

1431.3 - 1432.26 air and trying to get an idea

1433.34 - 1434.42 um whether we could detect

1434.74 - 1436.22 instrumentalites safe from helicopters

1438.02 - 1439.88 um and we're actually nearing a very

1440.3 - 1441.68 interesting phase of the mission where

1442.16 - 1444.26 we're actually on our way out of the

1444.32 - 1449.18 crater

1445.88 - 1449.06 um and Ingenuity has just rejoined us

1449.18 - 1451.46 after about 60 Souls of not

1451.76 - 1454.16 communicating with us because we've been

1454.28 - 1456.38 busy doing other things but Ingenuity

1457.28 - 1459.86 might be able to help us explore the

1460.28 - 1461.96 area just on the exit of the crater

1463.34 - 1467.6 um

1464.8 - 1467.42 uh this just shows you a little bit more

1467.6 - 1469.46 we have this Theos article that came out

1469.58 - 1471.74 about some using the Martian rocks um uh

1472.58 - 1474.38 for sample return of moss

1477.02 - 1479.96 um and so also I just want to mention

1480.08 - 1481.58 before we get into questions is that

1481.82 - 1484.46 we'll we have a um we are the first

1484.58 - 1486.08 mission in the mass sample return

1486.58 - 1489.38 Mission so basically our our

1491.72 - 1493.22 um mandate is to get the most compelling

1493.76 - 1498.44 samples

1495.5 - 1498.26 um that we can we've made a cache on the

1498.44 - 1500.24 surface already so we have 10 samples

1500.72 - 1502.4 out in the case that's the initial case

1502.64 - 1504.92 that will be brought back here um

1505.94 - 1509.66 if we have a um issue with the Rover but

1510.38 - 1511.52 if we don't have an issue with the Rover

1511.64 - 1513.26 the Rover will be just presenting the

1513.7 - 1516.2 samples that we've that we've currently

1516.44 - 1516.86 got on board

1517.7 - 1519.32 um at the moment to the Mars sample

1519.68 - 1521.86 return

1521.96 - 1526.4 um

1522.68 - 1523.52 Landing vehicle

1526.4 - 1528.5 so this just shows you how we get the

1528.68 - 1530.06 samples back into the Rover

1531.56 - 1533.66 um and then we rotate them through and

1534.38 - 1534.62 then they

1535.46 - 1538.16 we document them we take images of them

1538.34 - 1539.48 to make sure that we've got an up sample

1539.96 - 1541.58 because a couple of times we have issues

1542.36 - 1542.96 with not getting enough sample

1544.04 - 1546.32 and if we don't have enough sample we

1546.5 - 1549.92 can reuse the tube but um we prefer to

1550.4 - 1554.54 not reuse juice because uh but in in

1554.78 - 1556.94 this in this point we'll also I will

1557.12 - 1561.02 measure seal the seal is actually a test

1561.26 - 1563.18 CL sample tube that sounds so easy but

1563.54 - 1565.52 it's actually really tough because we

1565.82 - 1568.58 have to feel it in such a way that it's

1568.82 - 1570.08 now going to be um

1571.18 - 1573.62 that's not going to transfer any of that

1573.68 - 1574.24 material out

1576.4 - 1578.78 if the tube gets dropped onto the

1578.9 - 1580.4 surface for example which we have to

1580.52 - 1582.2 drop it onto the surface for patient and

1582.38 - 1582.74 stuff like that

1583.58 - 1586.16 um so yeah feeling is is a challenge

1586.4 - 1587.3 it's um

1589.7 - 1593.96 yeah

1591.32 - 1593.66 this challenge so this is uh this is our

1593.96 - 1596.42 first 12 samples um this isn't going to

1596.48 - 1599.12 show you all of them and but um

1599.12 - 1600.8 currently we're up at about sample 20

1601.94 - 1603.08 um but this is where our first 12 were

1603.38 - 1605.84 taken from I mentioned those potato ones

1606.5 - 1608.06 in Baraka new cells so we Source images

1608.3 - 1610.7 of those and then um we've taken some

1610.94 - 1614.06 here of the Delta front uh and also

1614.24 - 1616.34 there's the Delta top as well to try and

1616.52 - 1619.4 get an idea of what the ages might be at

1619.7 - 1622.04 the base of the Delta and then get an

1622.16 - 1625.46 idea of how the um rocks of age uh it's

1625.76 - 1627.92 how long the Rover how long the Delta

1628.34 - 1631.64 system took to deposit so I'm using the

1632.96 - 1635.6 um using geochronology on these samples

1636.38 - 1637.88 where we get them back into our Labs

1638.42 - 1640.04 because the Rover can't do geochronology

1640.7 - 1642.56 so when we get these back to Earth we'll

1643.22 - 1645.44 be able to constrain how long the water

1645.68 - 1648.08 system was active for for example

1649.58 - 1653.84 okay

1651.98 - 1653.6 how about I just leave it on this line

1653.84 - 1656.02 here

1655.04 - 1660.02 um

1656.02 - 1659.12 and yes you guys can transfer to

1660.02 - 1662.02 um

1662.24 - 1665 what's your mode if you like uh if it's

1665.24 - 1666.86 that could give us a good time to go

1667.04 - 1668.72 it's a perfect time and with the

1668.96 - 1670.7 questions are coming in um so

1672.68 - 1674.78 um Ahmed would like to know how does

1674.96 - 1676.88 NASA analyze images from the

1677.12 - 1678.8 perseverance Rover is it through

1678.98 - 1680.66 artificial intelligence and computer

1680.84 - 1683.42 algorithms or by human examination of

1683.96 - 1684.68 all captured images

1686.18 - 1688.28 right it's the ladder I'm afraid we

1688.4 - 1690.2 don't we don't use much artificial

1691.64 - 1693.02 um intelligence at the moment

1693.98 - 1694.76 um we basically

1696.08 - 1698.84 um uh Every Soul that I mentioned we

1698.96 - 1701.06 have the soul the Martian Dave and so we

1701.24 - 1704.24 we plan every day of uh marshes and

1704.48 - 1707.12 Seoul of the mark of the Rovers life so

1707.54 - 1712.34 basically

1709.1 - 1711.26 um as part of the plan we have people

1712.34 - 1713.6 um who are looking at the images from

1714.02 - 1716.72 the previous day and working me out

1716.96 - 1719.3 where where the best place is to take in

1719.54 - 1722.12 that the next image and so on so when we

1722.24 - 1724.22 get the images back they were if they

1724.46 - 1726.86 were in the previous in the uh previous

1727.58 - 1730.34 uh

1729.68 - 1732.38 um

1730.34 - 1732.2 uh up there aren't Duty for the previous

1732.38 - 1733.76 day and the previous Soul

1735.02 - 1736.76 um and putting the order for the images

1736.82 - 1738.26 then they can look at the image the next

1738.44 - 1740.78 day so basically we we takes about 24

1741.02 - 1743.9 hours for the images to get back if

1744.26 - 1747.86 they're bad if if roughly anyway uh if

1748.16 - 1749.18 everything is going smoothly

1750.44 - 1753.08 um

1751.16 - 1752.96 quite often it's not because we have to

1753.08 - 1755.42 we have to deal with a pipeline which is

1755.54 - 1756.38 the deep space Network

1757.46 - 1759.74 um and sometimes you don't have the deep

1759.92 - 1761.72 space Network to ourselves for example

1761.96 - 1764.3 when the Artemis mission was going

1764.72 - 1766.82 through its testing we got cut off from

1767.36 - 1768.8 the deep space Network and sometimes

1769.16 - 1771.32 also we would go go into conjunction

1772.16 - 1772.7 which is when

1773.96 - 1776.42 uh the sun moves in front of the Mars

1777.08 - 1779.6 from from the earth and uh so that

1779.72 - 1781.64 happens roughly every 18 months or so

1781.76 - 1783.68 this is an excellent it's going to be in

1783.86 - 1785.9 November so we have a couple of weeks

1786.26 - 1788.6 off then but other than that we try to

1788.72 - 1791.36 keep her over working as um as hard as

1791.48 - 1794.18 hard as we do here and we

1795.14 - 1797 um we individually all got every

1797.78 - 1800.06 um image essentially that we that we

1800.42 - 1804.14 collect

1801.56 - 1803.78 um yeah there are a lot of images that

1804.14 - 1805.82 are also taken by the Rover just for the

1805.94 - 1808.4 Rover's purposes for example and the

1808.82 - 1809.42 Rover has a

1810.32 - 1814.34 um

1811.04 - 1813.98 uh automatic uh abilities to drive

1814.34 - 1816.5 automatically so I guess I should have

1816.62 - 1818.12 mentioned that as well let's not out of

1818.24 - 1820.1 well I'm not jumping to say that that's

1820.46 - 1822.8 artificial intelligence but it's it's a

1823.28 - 1825.44 form of form of autonomy that's uh

1825.98 - 1829.66 highly

1828.08 - 1831.92 um

1829.66 - 1831.5 advantage in terms of Mars rovers

1831.92 - 1833.12 because we're actually able to travel

1834.32 - 1836 um essentially you can point and click

1836.24 - 1841.1 on

1837.2 - 1840.68 um for the Rover plan is it it usually

1841.1 - 1843.92 doesn't work out but the Rover will send

1844.28 - 1847.46 back uh uh questions if it reaches say a

1847.64 - 1849.68 June that's impossible or somewhere that

1849.92 - 1851.78 it didn't feel that confident enough to

1852.02 - 1853.4 get through by itself

1854.3 - 1857.18 and then we can tell where to uh you

1857.84 - 1859.64 know to go around an object that in its

1859.88 - 1861.56 way and then actually we've sent some

1861.86 - 1864.5 we've set records almost up to about a

1864.74 - 1865.22 kilometer driving

1866.72 - 1868.82 um and that's uh yeah pretty

1870.08 - 1870.44 pretty cool

1871.88 - 1873.68 that is very cool I love

1874.4 - 1876.92 um that it has a brain right oh yeah

1878.24 - 1879.92 and then there's a couple of questions

1880.22 - 1884.12 about

1881.96 - 1883.88 a bump will return so I'll ask them one

1884.12 - 1884.42 at a time

1885.26 - 1888.86 um I might actually excuse me amen also

1889.4 - 1891.8 wants to know when will the samples be

1892.16 - 1894.38 taken from the surface of Mars reach

1895.16 - 1896.66 Earth when how

1899 - 1899.72 when and how

1900.68 - 1902.24 and then I have a couple of other

1902.36 - 1903.68 questions about the same subject

1905.42 - 1907.94 um

1906.5 - 1910.82 okay

1907.94 - 1910.7 so um I do have another slide on this

1910.82 - 1912.5 but I'm probably taking me too long to

1912.88 - 1915.5 find it so I'll just I'll try to try and

1915.62 - 1916.58 answer the um

1917.12 - 1919.04 so but at the moment

1920 - 1925.34 um

1920.78 - 1923.9 uh where uh my sample return

1925.34 - 1925.82 um which is the

1927.08 - 1930.08 um the second and third elements of the

1930.44 - 1932 mass sample return that that will

1932.24 - 1935.24 involve the law the um launching of a uh

1935.78 - 1937.34 a vehicle that's going to get onto the

1937.52 - 1942.44 surface

1938.54 - 1941.9 um and then it has to Ascent of Ascend

1942.44 - 1944.42 off the vehicle as well sorry Ascend off

1944.66 - 1945.92 the surface as well so that

1946.94 - 1952.04 um

1947.5 - 1951.68 that has to launch to Mars uh first

1952.04 - 1952.7 before we can

1953.42 - 1956.18 get any of the samples back so at the

1956.3 - 1959.12 moment the the launch date for that is

1959.44 - 1962.72 2028. uh we can't launch every year

1962.96 - 1964.82 because Mars comes into

1966.26 - 1969.56 um opposition with the Earth uh only

1969.8 - 1973.7 every

1970.94 - 1973.28 roughly 18 months so basically we have a

1973.7 - 1978.14 um

1974.48 - 1977.6 a restriction in that uh and then so

1978.14 - 1979.4 2028 will be the best opportunity

1981.08 - 1983.3 um and and allows us to work on the

1983.48 - 1986.72 development of the most critical items

1987.26 - 1989.12 which

1988.52 - 1993.02 um

1989.12 - 1992.54 first among which is the uh Marvel sent

1993.02 - 1995.12 rocket so that's that's something that

1995.36 - 1997.4 we haven't done before on another planet

1997.88 - 2001.72 so

1999.5 - 2001.36 um and then but then that process

2001.72 - 2003.7 collecting the samples um should be

2003.88 - 2006.64 pretty relatively quick so you know

2006.82 - 2010.96 probably

2008.02 - 2010.06 um if we hand over 30 samples maybe

2010.96 - 2012.64 it'll take up a month or so to get them

2012.82 - 2013 all across

2014.5 - 2017.5 um and then the Rover can go on its way

2017.56 - 2019.18 and then the Mazda sand vehicle can also

2019.42 - 2020.44 go on its way back to Earth

2021.82 - 2023.68 um so you know in theory that should

2023.92 - 2028.72 happen

2025.42 - 2027.22 um in the couple of years after 2028

2028.72 - 2031.48 but um get on the complexity of that

2031.78 - 2035.5 mission

2033.52 - 2034 um I think delays

2035.5 - 2037.6 it's not unreasonable to think there may

2037.84 - 2038.68 be delays in the mission

2039.76 - 2042.64 um and it's at the moment it's what we

2042.82 - 2044.26 call Bay three so it's still

2045.46 - 2046.78 um it's got the major Design Elements

2047.62 - 2047.98 all done

2050.02 - 2052.84 um

2050.68 - 2052.66 but there are some things that need to

2052.84 - 2053.62 be fleshed out still

2054.7 - 2055.84 um we have for example

2056.92 - 2059.64 um gone to a simpler um sample

2060.64 - 2063.52 collection design so initially uh Esa

2064 - 2065.56 was supplying the sample collection of

2066.64 - 2070 uh and then we had to change from that

2070.3 - 2073.84 to

2072.04 - 2073.6 um to cut down the costs we didn't want

2073.84 - 2075.46 to send too many things down to the

2075.64 - 2078.34 surface so instead we put in um a couple

2078.46 - 2080.68 of uh helicopters given how well that

2081.78 - 2084.76 Ingenuity is doing we've decided

2087.3 - 2091.12 so in the event that uh that we're not

2091.36 - 2093.46 here that they're over is not able to uh

2094.06 - 2095.98 hand over the samples then we're not

2096.22 - 2098.38 over then we can use these helicopters

2099.28 - 2101.26 to do that instead they have a gripping

2101.62 - 2103.36 arm as well so they're not quite the

2103.54 - 2104.86 same as Ingenuity they have a gripping

2105.16 - 2107.26 arm and they'll probably have some more

2107.5 - 2109 advanced cameras as well

2112.06 - 2115 um yeah and we have a bow to move around

2115.3 - 2117.4 as well so they have a ability to remove

2117.88 - 2119.86 uh perhaps more Wheels they can Rove

2120.22 - 2120.82 with as well

2122.62 - 2124.36 so I have a question because I wasn't

2125.2 - 2129.64 um

2125.86 - 2129.4 I don't I'm just not sure so is the cash

2129.64 - 2132.7 for the samples they're not all kept

2133.06 - 2134.62 together they're and they're just dumped

2135.1 - 2136.9 in separate places and the Rover has to

2137.02 - 2138.76 go find all of them is that what's

2138.94 - 2143.74 happening

2140.28 - 2143.02 uh yeah so the Rover has a um

2143.74 - 2146.02 the Rover has uh currently on board

2146.86 - 2148.42 um all the rest of the samples are going

2148.54 - 2151 to be in the Rover and taken by the road

2154.3 - 2157.18 and then the sample um what we've done

2157.36 - 2159.22 is we've uh if the Rover has a problem

2159.4 - 2161.56 we've got this backup cache that I

2161.74 - 2163.42 mentioned that's the first 10 samples

2164.2 - 2165.52 that we drop down onto the case

2171.78 - 2174.04 in an area that's pretty flat you can

2174.16 - 2175.42 see it's relatively flat in this image

2175.72 - 2178 too so that's going to help the the

2179.26 - 2181.78 um collection process as well so

2182.92 - 2185.14 essentially we have a um that's a backup

2185.44 - 2186.64 plan in case they're over

2187.54 - 2190.6 um doesn't make it through uh and if you

2190.72 - 2192.34 want to yeah if you if you want to know

2192.4 - 2193.6 the latest information on that

2193.78 - 2195.16 particular thing is that we if

2197.26 - 2200.52 um we can send off um sample return uh

2201.52 - 2203.8 and until about six months into its

2204.16 - 2205.06 journey to um

2205.78 - 2208.24 uh donate to Mars we can actually do a

2208.5 - 2209.5 uh maneuver

2211.42 - 2213.58 to choose between going somewhere

2214.18 - 2216.1 outside the crater where the Rover will

2216.4 - 2219.7 be or into the crater where the initial

2220 - 2223.9 samples

2221.5 - 2223 um cases was set up

2223.9 - 2225.52 I know it's it there are so many

2225.64 - 2227.38 contingencies in this very confusing

2227.98 - 2229.84 just getting it out is sometimes a

2230.08 - 2232.84 struggle it's complicated it is

2233.02 - 2235.72 planetary science and exploration is not

2235.9 - 2237.88 easy it's complicated right it's such a

2237.94 - 2239.32 wonderful project for these students to

2239.56 - 2239.74 work on

2240.82 - 2242.8 um Alex Alex would like to know how

2243.22 - 2244.3 large are the samples taken

2245.5 - 2248.8 right so they're about started a finger

2249.46 - 2251.62 about five centimeters long and about

2251.86 - 2255.04 this a cylindrical size so sometimes you

2255.22 - 2257.32 might think that's too small for example

2258.22 - 2259.84 um but we are getting 30 of these

2260.2 - 2261.7 samples at least that we'll get back

2262.38 - 2264.88 unless we collect the case which is only

2265.06 - 2267.1 the 10 samples but we expected to

2267.28 - 2269.44 collect 30 of these five centimeter long

2270.52 - 2275.2 um uh uh Rock samples uh and um you

2275.8 - 2277.18 might think they're small but that's

2277.6 - 2281.86 actually

2279.04 - 2280.9 um when we're doing our sample return

2281.86 - 2283.48 um analysis here on Earth

2284.68 - 2286.56 we'll be using a lot of non-destructive

2288.3 - 2290.92 technology to to look at these things so

2291.22 - 2293.08 such as X-rays and stuff like that uh

2293.98 - 2294.28 and and

2295.3 - 2298.18 um also be doing very thin slices of the

2298.42 - 2300.94 samples to some destructive methods but

2301.24 - 2302.08 mostly it'll be very

2303.22 - 2306.52 um

2303.78 - 2306.1 non-destructive techniques that we'll be

2306.52 - 2309.52 taking

2307.96 - 2309.34 um and I haven't even mentioned the fact

2309.52 - 2310.96 that we're actually also and this

2311.14 - 2313.42 becomes a lot in uh into this increased

2313.9 - 2315.94 cost is that we have to make sure that

2316.12 - 2319 there's nothing that's going to back uh

2319.42 - 2321.16 contaminate the Earth so we haven't uh

2321.82 - 2324.16 what we call a break the chain moment so

2324.46 - 2326.92 we have the samples housed in their own

2327.1 - 2330.16 little container inside the return to

2330.64 - 2333.1 Earth's vehicle which also increases the

2333.88 - 2334.72 complexity quite a lot

2335.92 - 2337.84 and I've just said quite a lot you can

2338.02 - 2340.06 imagine that's month years of work that

2340.3 - 2342.64 goes into those sort of procedures for

2342.88 - 2344.8 those engineers and I don't want to

2344.92 - 2347.44 brush over that yeah it seems like it's

2347.62 - 2349.36 going to be a long time but it really is

2349.6 - 2351.4 very important to to plan it correctly

2352.84 - 2355.06 um what are the scientists looking for

2355.42 - 2357.64 when they get the samples back to Earth

2357.96 - 2361.24 everything goes well we presume we hope

2362.14 - 2363.82 um what are they looking for in the

2364 - 2367.86 samples

2365.62 - 2366.94 right so um

2367.86 - 2370.66 primarily uh the first thing in any of

2370.84 - 2372.4 these samples that we'd be looking for

2372.7 - 2374.38 is any signs of life so any

2379.56 - 2380.56 time is

2383.1 - 2384.1 for example

2385.42 - 2387.58 um that we can't detect on the Rover so

2388.36 - 2391.6 we have some indications of Organics on

2391.78 - 2393.4 the road on the samples but we're not

2393.58 - 2395.62 able to fully characterize them so and

2395.92 - 2398.2 then they could be more advanced sort of

2398.32 - 2400.6 technology that we can uh turn on these

2400.78 - 2401.92 samples when we get them back to Earth

2402.04 - 2402.28 as well

2407.76 - 2410.2 each of these and so when I say date

2410.5 - 2411.82 that that's become a really really

2412.6 - 2414.58 um practice art now so we have a um the

2415.54 - 2417.04 ability to essentially date any point

2421.02 - 2423.22 you can see some of the crystals in here

2423.34 - 2424.96 like these are probably felt like

2425.02 - 2427.72 crystals maybe here um and and up

2428.68 - 2432.16 um

2429.94 - 2431.8 uh inout bowl for for example there's

2432.16 - 2433.96 some Olivine crystals as well so we're

2434.2 - 2434.8 actually able to date

2435.88 - 2438.4 um individual layers in the crystals as

2438.58 - 2440.32 well so and in particular they've got

2440.38 - 2442.12 any zircons or anything like that we can

2442.3 - 2444.94 do those that dating as well so uh when

2445.9 - 2448.36 we get the Delta samples which are these

2448.72 - 2450.46 Thornton gaps we've run Skyland they're

2450.94 - 2452.68 wallow hazelt very Hollow those sort of

2452.8 - 2453.94 samples you can also see that they're

2454.12 - 2454.66 very fine grained

2455.98 - 2457.42 um so we'll be able to put them under

2457.6 - 2459.88 the microscope the electron microscope

2460.54 - 2462.94 put them under a the string microscope

2464.38 - 2466.06 um detect any strings by that time I'm

2466.3 - 2467.86 sure we'll detected shrink Theory as

2468.04 - 2468.64 well by that time

2470.68 - 2472.18 uh so yeah

2475.66 - 2477.34 okay and um

2478.14 - 2479.14 a resolution

2480.52 - 2483.7 yep sorry there it's there your signal

2484 - 2485.32 was cutting out I thought you were done

2485.56 - 2487.42 talking sorry I didn't mean to talk over

2487.66 - 2488.14 you I apologize

2489.7 - 2491.76 um

2492.1 - 2495.04 um so on the sample return now that we

2495.16 - 2496.48 know they're looking for signs of life

2496.66 - 2499.18 and be able to do you know different

2499.42 - 2501.52 types of research how can we guarantee

2502.12 - 2505.44 they are not contaminated from landing

2506.44 - 2506.74 on Earth

2508.32 - 2511.96 yes that's yeah that's another part of

2512.08 - 2514.78 it I I did talk about I mentioned the

2515.92 - 2517.66 um the fact that we're Breaking the

2517.9 - 2520.48 Chain from Mars that happens you know

2520.6 - 2522.88 but around Mars and then where we get to

2523.66 - 2526 um back to Earth we also have to take

2526.18 - 2528.34 care that this doesn't just stand up on

2528.58 - 2531.88 the Dead the Florida uh the desert floor

2532 - 2533.2 in Utah for example like

2534.28 - 2539.62 um the solar samples it's um so we uh we

2540.22 - 2542.56 also have to take care that um we're not

2542.74 - 2544.06 forward contaminating the Earth

2545.5 - 2547.54 um with Martian microbes for example so

2548.8 - 2550.18 um what we're doing is we're the

2551.88 - 2555.4 Nashua is now building a a new building

2555.64 - 2559 to house these samples um it'll be a

2559.12 - 2562 category five containment facilities so

2562.42 - 2564.76 things like positive pressure uh and

2565 - 2566.62 negative pressure at various parts of

2566.86 - 2569.56 the disability will have a top range uh

2570.72 - 2573.1 experimentation on board as as well so

2573.28 - 2574.12 these will do the initial

2575.86 - 2575.86 um uh

2577.26 - 2579.7 assessments for in particular for

2579.94 - 2582.28 bioseages and for Organics and those

2582.46 - 2584.08 sort of things could affect um

2584.92 - 2587.2 life here on Earth so

2588.46 - 2590.56 um and and and nullifying that

2590.62 - 2592.72 opportunity essentially like the lunar

2593.14 - 2595.24 sample did when they came back from the

2595.42 - 2595.84 Apollo missions

2597.22 - 2599.44 um so we'll be taking those sort of

2599.62 - 2602.02 precautions and more because Mars is

2602.14 - 2603.52 more likely than the moon to have

2603.7 - 2606.22 started some bio biological activity

2607.48 - 2608.26 so essentially

2609.64 - 2611.32 um after that processes have been

2611.5 - 2613.06 carried out you know maybe after a year

2613.3 - 2615.04 or so the scientists have looked over

2615.16 - 2616.72 these things and think that they

2616.84 - 2617.98 understand them enough to release them

2618.34 - 2621.7 to other scientific um analyzes around

2622.18 - 2623.86 the world for example because this will

2623.98 - 2625.66 be very much an international Mission as

2626.02 - 2628.06 well we have have participation from

2628.36 - 2630.58 either so they will be wanting to see

2630.7 - 2632.2 these samples in Europe as well for

2632.5 - 2635.44 example uh yeah so and and then we'll

2635.94 - 2638.38 also want to compare them with all labs

2638.98 - 2641.56 around the world as well and use their

2642.82 - 2644.74 um extends the art equipment as well

2646.06 - 2649.12 okay

2647.38 - 2648.94 um there's two more questions that just

2649.12 - 2651.4 came in and our next speaker is is in

2652.06 - 2652.48 the queue so

2653.74 - 2655.54 um feel free to make these as quick as

2655.78 - 2657.94 possible so for time's sake

2658.78 - 2661 um I can help her out uh I know so could

2661.18 - 2664.66 I

2662.86 - 2664.48 um Angela would like to know could you

2664.66 - 2666.1 talk about the terrain relative

2666.94 - 2667.66 navigation process

2670.3 - 2673.48 sure so yeah um but right now

2674.76 - 2677.76 yes I think that you're referring to the

2678.76 - 2681.04 uh ability to descend onto the surface

2681.46 - 2681.7 and lion

2682.74 - 2684.52 so yes that was

2685.24 - 2687.76 um carried out by our Asian Landing um

2687.76 - 2689.14 people so essentially they

2690.46 - 2693.64 um they had a map um that uh we wanted

2693.82 - 2694.96 to land just in here

2695.98 - 2698.04 um

2699.06 - 2700.36 next to the Delta

2701.56 - 2702.64 um and as you saw in that introdescent

2703.18 - 2704.8 landing video it looked like we were

2704.92 - 2706.06 going to land in here in the student

2706.24 - 2708.82 covered area just here and so instead

2709.48 - 2710.02 they sent us out

2711.4 - 2713.68 here where they're where I land we

2714.16 - 2715.78 landed about it's basically about here

2717.04 - 2719.14 um so that was all Guided by the terrain

2719.74 - 2723.28 relative navigation TRN and essentially

2724.36 - 2727.18 what the TRN allowed us to do was

2728.16 - 2729.94 compensate for any difficulties

2730.48 - 2731.88 encountered by the Rover independently

2732.88 - 2736.9 so

2734.26 - 2736.3 um in previous missions they've had like

2736.9 - 2740.92 20 kilometer size uh ellipses that we

2741.4 - 2743.14 had to make as flat as possible and that

2743.32 - 2745.24 so that's where we ended up in some

2745.72 - 2747.1 really flat terrain for the previous

2747.34 - 2749.08 Mars missions such as Earth and

2749.46 - 2751.12 opportunity they were in very flat

2751.48 - 2753.1 terrain

2752.5 - 2755.74 um

2753.1 - 2755.44 we were able to land in some very

2755.74 - 2757.92 challenging crime as you can see these

2758.92 - 2760.12 areas here that you know so we're

2760.3 - 2760.48 looking at

2761.26 - 2763.36 Belva crater here is about kilometer

2763.9 - 2766.48 across so a 20 kilometer ellipse would

2766.84 - 2769.96 Encompass this image plus more so that's

2770.86 - 2773.32 obviously not flat enough uh for spirit

2773.62 - 2775.66 and opportunity but with the terrain

2775.96 - 2778.9 relative navigation built in we were

2779.08 - 2781.78 able to make confident calls that we

2782.32 - 2784.12 were going to get down to the surface in

2784.48 - 2786.34 a safe spot and in fact it did work

2787.48 - 2790.6 um uh and sent us uh away from the Delta

2790.96 - 2793.44 away from uh the June areas which

2794.44 - 2796.18 essentially were were deemed as in

2796.66 - 2797.92 unnavigable before the mission

2800.64 - 2802.6 I hope that dealt with that question

2803.8 - 2805.54 and tissy I would like to know

2806.44 - 2808.66 when scientists analyze these samples

2809.62 - 2811.84 does the sample ever happen to trigger a

2812.08 - 2814 reaction in humans like an allergy which

2814.18 - 2815.44 I think is probably the most important

2815.86 - 2817.54 thing for a human Mission to Mars to

2817.84 - 2818.5 know ahead of time

2819.46 - 2821.92 yeah absolutely and that's I mean you

2822.04 - 2823.12 can see these samples

2824.14 - 2827.26 um that you can see uh they essentially

2827.86 - 2830.08 look pretty much like Rocky samples but

2831.4 - 2832.54 um as I mentioned we'll be looking for

2832.96 - 2833.32 these Organics

2834.6 - 2837.94 on top of these surfaces so there will

2838.12 - 2840.28 be Organics that we find in top in these

2840.46 - 2842.32 rocks that we're not able to blend with

2842.5 - 2844.9 the Rover anything that's going to harm

2845.02 - 2847.66 us comes into that organic category so

2848.14 - 2850.96 if we find that there's little to no

2851.14 - 2853.54 organic background that will give us

2853.72 - 2855.16 more confidence that we'll be able to

2855.28 - 2856.66 proceed and hand out these samples

2856.96 - 2858.82 outside of our sample return facility

2860.02 - 2861.04 so um

2861.7 - 2863.5 we won't be sending them sending them

2863.62 - 2864.94 outside of the sample return facility

2865.56 - 2868.96 until uh that check for Organics is

2869.14 - 2871.48 complete and obviously that will be a

2871.66 - 2874.3 very big bureaucratic sort of step to

2875.08 - 2877.36 sign off on probably the president will

2877.66 - 2878.14 sign off on

2879.1 - 2882.16 letting these samples out Joe Biden I'm

2882.34 - 2882.88 sure will still be

2883.6 - 2884.8 around with this of course

2886.24 - 2888.94 awesome wonderful I hope that is true

2889.2 - 2893.56 yeah Dr Brown so much appreciation and

2893.86 - 2895.36 gratitude to you for spending your time

2895.54 - 2895.9 with us

2896.74 - 2898.96 um today and your video this video will

2899.2 - 2900.64 be uploaded in the next couple of days

2900.88 - 2902.74 to the YouTube channel so feel free to

2902.92 - 2906.58 share this with whoever you like and um

2906.64 - 2908.02 I really appreciate you being here feel

2908.26 - 2909.58 free to stay for the next talk

2910.96 - 2914.2 um students we have Susan Jewell she

2914.56 - 2917.56 will be speaking next Susan is a space

2917.8 - 2920.2 medicine physician scientist analog

2920.98 - 2922.86 astronaut and exponential technologist

2924.18 - 2927.52 entrepreneur and a space coach for f

2927.76 - 2930.94 work empowered by USA space force and

2931.12 - 2931.78 U.S Air Force

2933.58 - 2934.84 um today we will

2935.62 - 2937.48 um let's see Dr Brown if you could

2937.72 - 2938.56 unshare so

2939.88 - 2941.5 Susan can share

2943.18 - 2943.84 her screen

2945.7 - 2948.52 today Susan Jewell will be talking about

2948.82 - 2950.56 space medicine and cybermedics

2951.48 - 2954.16 telepresence humanoid tele-robotics and

2954.58 - 2957.64 avatars so this is the fun stuff okay

2959.46 - 2962.02 welcome and thank you

2963.52 - 2965.62 thank you so much I know that was a

2965.74 - 2967.12 mouthful that's a really long title

2968.34 - 2970.42 it was it was beautiful it was beautiful

2971.02 - 2973.66 thank you so much Nicole for that

2973.84 - 2975.22 wonderful introduction and hello

2975.88 - 2978.76 everybody it's it's it's a pleasure to

2978.94 - 2981.76 be here and um from geology we're going

2981.94 - 2982.42 to go to technology

2984.22 - 2987.58 and uh so yes I've been in the field of

2987.82 - 2989.8 Frontier we call Frontier technology or

2990.16 - 2991.3 there's another word the coin

2991.78 - 2994.66 exponential technology and how do you

2994.78 - 2995.56 apply that for

2996.76 - 2999.82 um enabling Humanity to actually uh

3000.78 - 3003.6 thrive in space settle in space and also

3003.84 - 3005.22 ostein environments on Earth so

3006.96 - 3009.84 um with that said these are my two

3010.02 - 3011.64 organizations that we're heavily

3012 - 3014.58 involved in bringing and testing doing

3015 - 3017.52 research and development uh in all

3017.7 - 3020.16 fields of the acronym for steam right uh

3020.94 - 3022.44 to be able to develop these products

3022.86 - 3025.02 technology procedures whatever it is

3025.02 - 3027.42 that we need but you need to do

3027.9 - 3030.12 scientific research and then to be able

3030.24 - 3032.28 to validate improve a concept and and

3032.58 - 3034.26 then apply it in the environment that

3034.56 - 3036.9 you want so with that said let's move on

3037.08 - 3039.66 to the next slide so yes today my talk

3039.9 - 3042.42 is entitled cybernetic telepresence

3043.2 - 3045.72 humanoid avatars and the applications

3046.26 - 3048.18 I'll give you some examples of how we

3048.3 - 3050.34 can apply some of these early

3050.64 - 3053.46 innovations that we are working on for

3053.94 - 3055.68 changing the Paradigm for space

3055.98 - 3059.64 exploration of course to change the way

3059.82 - 3062.4 that we conduct Health Care on Earth and

3062.76 - 3065.7 how how can that also be translated for

3066.48 - 3069.96 you know space for Celestial settlements

3070.56 - 3072.18 where we go back to the moon and Mars

3072.48 - 3073.92 definitely for education and

3074.22 - 3076.56 entertainment which I'm sure most of you

3076.68 - 3079.02 have worked or maybe some of you have

3079.2 - 3082.5 not experienced virtual reality and then

3082.68 - 3085.38 been entertained you know in that Arena

3085.86 - 3088.56 you know in a virtual world or if you're

3088.68 - 3090.54 a gamer that's a form of you know using

3091.02 - 3091.44 these avatars

3092.88 - 3095.22 in a certain way to entertain yourself

3095.64 - 3098.52 so

3097.2 - 3098.34 um I was just wondering why I can't move

3098.52 - 3101.1 forward oh there we go now so the idea

3101.52 - 3104.34 of cybernetic uh avatars is not new in

3104.82 - 3107.04 fact the leading country that is

3107.22 - 3109.56 developing these capabilities is Japan

3109.86 - 3112.44 Japan is heavily involved in Innovation

3112.98 - 3116.34 and bringing in robotics into our daily

3116.52 - 3118.86 lives so they literally the the the

3119.24 - 3122.76 government of Japan is working on this

3122.94 - 3126.54 moonshot goal to bring avatars in this

3126.66 - 3129.36 case cybernetic avatars into life as

3130.14 - 3131.76 part of your life and their goal is how

3132.6 - 3132.78 can they

3133.62 - 3135.72 conduct and they perform and develop the

3136.38 - 3138.24 idea the moonshot goal of the

3138.36 - 3140.04 realization of building a future society

3140.7 - 3142.5 and of course this can you can

3142.62 - 3145.38 extrapolate this to to the space right

3145.76 - 3149.7 the moon Society the Martian Society in

3150 - 3152.1 the future but the realization of a

3152.22 - 3154.68 society in which human beings are free

3154.92 - 3156.78 of limitations of our own physical body

3157.32 - 3160.32 our brain the space that we live in and

3160.86 - 3163.26 and they want to be able to say by 2050

3163.92 - 3165 we will have the capability

3166.22 - 3168.6 integrating all these sort of

3168.78 - 3169.44 Technologies right

3170.54 - 3174.18 robotics avatars telepresence you know

3174.24 - 3176.76 into all these other aspects of our

3177 - 3179.4 lives here on Earth and in in you know

3179.46 - 3181.86 on the from the future maybe living on

3182.34 - 3185.28 the Mars and so here obviously they've

3185.76 - 3187.32 given you this is sort of their top

3187.8 - 3190.14 level visual diagram of how you can

3190.32 - 3193.4 apply this these uh cybernetic avatars

3194.4 - 3197.16 into interacting in disaster relief in

3197.52 - 3199.68 the sports you know and health and and

3200.1 - 3202.44 and creative ways as well so this is

3202.56 - 3205.08 really interesting leaving you as a way

3205.68 - 3207.6 as a sort of introduction that this is

3207.72 - 3209.82 not a New Concept it's been there

3210.9 - 3213.18 um over the the last you know decade and

3213.9 - 3217.02 it's just hasn't been adopted in on a

3217.38 - 3219.36 global basis but we're expanding this

3219.54 - 3221.76 because now the technology of immersion

3222.48 - 3224.46 you know using uh spatial Computing

3224.94 - 3226.56 which is which you all know is the

3226.74 - 3228.84 hololens or it's the Apple just released

3229.38 - 3232.26 augmented reality headset the capability

3232.74 - 3234.84 of us going into the so-called metaverse

3235.5 - 3238.26 right as avatars at interacting with

3238.5 - 3240.18 each other interacting with the

3240.3 - 3243.72 simulated world is is now a feasible way

3244.56 - 3247.74 to to to do this so with that there is

3247.92 - 3249.54 actually this is given this is really

3249.66 - 3251.22 interesting because there's this

3251.58 - 3253.8 organization called 2045 if they're

3253.98 - 3256.44 being you know online for over a decade

3256.74 - 3258 but this is their sort of projection

3258.48 - 3262.32 Milestone of how they see this whole

3262.62 - 3265.2 idea of us being integrated into avatars

3266.04 - 3269.1 or interacting with avatars and this is

3269.22 - 3270.42 sort of you know I mean obviously it's

3270.84 - 3274.26 not uh it's going to set in stone but it

3274.44 - 3276.6 gives you some kind of their sort of

3276.72 - 3279.54 vision and some timeline Milestones of

3279.72 - 3281.82 where they see the technology and where

3282.12 - 3284.34 we will actually move forward so you

3284.7 - 3288.3 know 2014 2045 maybe we will have the

3288.48 - 3291.84 ability to have our own holographic like

3292.52 - 3295.62 avatars well we already have that there

3296.04 - 3298.14 are platforms and software where you can

3298.26 - 3300.84 create your own avatars where you can

3300.9 - 3303.66 create really lifelike avatars that you

3303.9 - 3305.58 can one interact with or one that

3305.82 - 3309.24 represents you so even now today at 20

3309.6 - 3312.36 you know 2023 we the capability of

3312.84 - 3315.42 hologram avatars of self or others or

3315.72 - 3317.64 interacting with other others is is

3317.76 - 3320.4 already a possibility and then the other

3320.52 - 3322.32 you know they're saying okay then taking

3322.8 - 3324.84 it more involve to be able to interact

3325.44 - 3327.84 having artificial brains you know be

3328.02 - 3330.24 able to trans transfer personality or

3330.6 - 3332.22 Consciousness into the avatars that's

3333 - 3335.28 kind of where the you know there are

3335.4 - 3337.44 some elements of that happening and in a

3337.62 - 3338.88 minute I'll show you for example what

3339.24 - 3340.86 neural link is doing which is formed by

3340.98 - 3343.02 Elon Musk right if you don't know who

3343.14 - 3345.12 Elon mus you should Google him but he's

3345.3 - 3348 a CEO of SpaceX so but he also is

3348.84 - 3351 thinking of how you can interact upload

3351.84 - 3355.98 your

3352.62 - 3355.5 your brain uh onto the internet right

3355.98 - 3357.96 into and that's where the neural link

3358.16 - 3360.84 capability is and those that's just an

3361.02 - 3362.64 example anyway I won't go into too much

3362.82 - 3363.84 of this slide but this is interesting

3364.38 - 3366.72 because this organization has been there

3367.02 - 3369.3 online you know for the last decade or

3369.48 - 3371.88 so and when we look at where we are now

3372.18 - 3375.12 you know with the Technologies all this

3375.36 - 3377.58 have been written out as a milestone

3378 - 3379.68 Vision it's actually coming into

3379.92 - 3384.78 manifestation

3381.36 - 3383.82 okay I don't know why I can't go forward

3384.78 - 3387 and so here we go the very first on this

3387.12 - 3388.5 is very you know like every time we

3388.74 - 3390.6 develop a technology it's going to start

3390.84 - 3393.78 very crude right but look where we are

3393.96 - 3395.58 now there are companies and there's

3395.76 - 3397.98 Tesla Tesla's Elon Musk company he's

3398.52 - 3400.14 building the you know electric cars

3401.52 - 3404.7 but he's also creating a humanoid robots

3405.24 - 3407.52 so these and and this was just recently

3408 - 3409.62 shown when they did their sort of you

3409.86 - 3412.74 know a shareholder meeting and they

3413.04 - 3415.14 showed a group of of their humanoid

3415.8 - 3418.8 robots that were moving together and the

3419.04 - 3422.12 idea is you can have yourself interact

3423.32 - 3426.12 you know with the humanoid robot or you

3426.36 - 3427.8 can be in the humanoid robot

3428.42 - 3429.9 teleportation quote quote

3430.92 - 3432.66 um to be able to then interact with your

3432.84 - 3435.24 environment that blatter is what we're

3435.36 - 3437.52 working on not so much as the humanoid

3438.12 - 3440.7 robot itself being as you know an

3441.66 - 3444.66 independent autonomous robot you know

3444.78 - 3446.64 which is where they're heading but we're

3446.82 - 3448.74 talking about cybernetic where you're

3448.98 - 3451.56 able to transport your humanoid

3452.22 - 3455.88 sensorium into a robot format and

3456.06 - 3457.62 doesn't have to be a humanoid like this

3457.74 - 3459.36 in a minute I'll show you our flying

3459.78 - 3462.84 drone cybernetic human robot tele Avatar

3463.32 - 3467.04 robot

3464.28 - 3466.32 um so it's the it's the ability for sort

3467.04 - 3470 of

3467.76 - 3469.32 you know integrating your humanoid

3470 - 3472.44 sensorium using all these senses and

3472.8 - 3474.48 these headsets to be able to interact

3475.14 - 3477.54 with that environment that you're not

3477.78 - 3480.3 physically present but you can you can

3480.48 - 3482.7 teleport yourself there your sensorium

3483.48 - 3484.98 there and interact in real time

3486 - 3488.52 so here we are the neural link right

3488.96 - 3491.34 here it's really interesting is what

3491.64 - 3493.44 they want to do this is the very first

3493.8 - 3497.58 step of integrating the the human brain

3498.18 - 3501.84 and uploading our brain interface with

3502.32 - 3504.6 with it with a computer right so that's

3504.9 - 3506.64 what this company is and there are other

3506.82 - 3509.4 companies or other groups are doing this

3509.64 - 3512.1 right but the whole idea of you know in

3512.94 - 3514.92 the future and not too distant future we

3515.7 - 3517.74 will literally have you know our ability

3518.22 - 3518.94 to interface

3520.32 - 3522.84 with each other from you know using our

3523.08 - 3524.4 brain we don't have to be physically

3524.82 - 3526.86 there but interact with each other you

3527.52 - 3529.32 know because of this capability and and

3529.5 - 3530.52 I'm not going to go into too much of

3530.64 - 3532.62 this but what's so interesting is the

3532.8 - 3535.8 fact that this neural link chip you can

3535.92 - 3537.3 see here on the right these are chips

3537.6 - 3539.52 that are implanted there are very very

3539.7 - 3541.74 small scale kind of Nano scale or even

3541.92 - 3544.5 Pico scale right 10 to the minus 12 very

3544.98 - 3547.02 it's thinner than the the shaft of a

3547.26 - 3549.36 hair and you can implant these chip a

3549.72 - 3552.12 certain aspects of your of your brain

3553.02 - 3554.88 cortex that controls certain motor

3555.24 - 3557.46 function or sensory function and you're

3557.64 - 3557.94 able to

3558.68 - 3562.02 stimulate that area to perform you know

3562.14 - 3564.42 whatever you want so in this case what's

3564.78 - 3566.64 so interesting their first case is they

3566.82 - 3569.16 got the FDA approval which is an

3569.7 - 3572.28 enormous achievement for the first human

3572.46 - 3574.26 trials that's going to happen later this

3575.04 - 3576.9 year or early next year to for paralyzed

3577.56 - 3580.92 patients in in other words there able to

3581.1 - 3583.38 say can we use these brain chips right

3583.74 - 3586.38 that will then allow a paralyzed patient

3586.86 - 3589.8 to have motor capabilities that they

3589.98 - 3592.8 didn't have before right so this is very

3593.1 - 3596.16 early but think about where when it

3596.46 - 3599.34 matures say in the next decade in the

3599.46 - 3601.92 next 20 years it wouldn't just be for

3602.28 - 3604.8 paralyzed patients it would expand to

3605.58 - 3607.98 healthy quote unquote patients and maybe

3608.22 - 3610.02 would use I'm just saying you know uh

3610.98 - 3612.54 they could be able to enhance our

3612.9 - 3617.04 capabilities

3614.16 - 3616.8 so this is really interesting but it's

3617.04 - 3619.14 back to that huge this slide right where

3619.62 - 3621.96 we at you know it's saying here 20 30 20

3622.62 - 3625.32 35 you will be able to have the

3625.8 - 3627.42 interface of your Consciousness your

3627.9 - 3630.54 brain onto the internet right which in

3631.32 - 3633.12 the past was never a feasible

3633.48 - 3635.04 possibility but it is now

3636.24 - 3637.32 and then another interesting

3638.6 - 3641.42 capability of brain interface control uh

3642.42 - 3644.4 using technology is this company called

3644.72 - 3647.4 openvci and they you they built this as

3647.58 - 3649.62 a DIY you can go to it's openpci you

3649.8 - 3651.78 build your you buy these kids and you

3651.96 - 3654.24 can build these EEG headsets but what

3654.54 - 3656.46 they've shown recently was amazing was

3656.76 - 3659.16 this a paralyzed person that went on

3659.4 - 3660.96 stage and they built this brain

3661.32 - 3663.9 interface with this uh EEG headset and

3664.5 - 3666.54 this paralyzed person was able to fly a

3666.78 - 3668.4 drone you see the Drone in ahead here to

3669.06 - 3670.56 fly this drone just using his thoughts

3671.82 - 3675 that is an amazing achievement to be

3675.18 - 3677.16 able to use your thoughts have these

3677.58 - 3679.86 impulses that are you know stimulated by

3680.28 - 3682.98 this EG asset and then with your thought

3683.22 - 3686.52 be able to fly a drone that is another

3686.76 - 3689.1 an example of where this these

3689.58 - 3690.66 Technologies are moving forward

3691.5 - 3693.18 so with that I want to show you what

3693.54 - 3693.72 we're doing

3694.74 - 3697.68 um that is another kind of concept of a

3698.16 - 3700.98 humanoid cybernetic humanoid avatars in

3701.58 - 3702.96 this case like I said you don't need to

3703.08 - 3706.02 have you know well a robot looking like

3706.26 - 3707.64 that right it doesn't have to be human

3708 - 3711.24 looking

3708.96 - 3711 who says it has to be look this one is

3711.24 - 3713.16 not just actually a you know a headset

3713.58 - 3716.94 uh EEG headset and flying flying an

3717.06 - 3719.1 object in this case a drone in our case

3719.28 - 3722.16 our our sort of you know robot is our

3722.46 - 3725.64 hybrid drone and uh and Rover and

3726.48 - 3728.52 onboarded all these Technologies you

3729.12 - 3730.8 know and here with onboard with

3732 - 3734.94 with telepresence uh avatars by using

3735.24 - 3737.64 Excel space Computing coming in but

3737.88 - 3739.5 putting on you know also integrating

3740.04 - 3743.64 with

3741.06 - 3743.4 um digital twinning and later on I'll

3743.64 - 3745.08 show you proof of concept we're actually

3745.58 - 3749.1 uh been able to run a robotic arm using

3749.94 - 3751.8 a virtual we're using the hololens right

3752.1 - 3753.54 the spatial Computing how you can

3753.72 - 3754.98 maneuver the robotic arm without

3755.46 - 3757.86 actually physically there maneuvering it

3758.64 - 3760.44 and using virtual reality or another

3760.62 - 3763.26 augmented reality but the idea is you we

3763.56 - 3765.3 bought it on telemedicine capabilities

3765.78 - 3767.28 so you can interact Real Time with

3767.7 - 3769.56 medical people your surgeon your doctor

3769.74 - 3771.72 or it doesn't even have to be medical of

3772.08 - 3773.46 course we apply to medicine right now

3773.58 - 3776.16 because that's our main focus but in the

3776.28 - 3778.8 future maybe on Mars you say well I need

3778.98 - 3781.14 a professional plumber an electrician

3781.74 - 3783.6 you know well then they can teleport

3784.08 - 3786.18 themselves in this in this sort of uh

3786.66 - 3788.46 setting and be able to interact with you

3788.7 - 3790.62 in real time and help you and support

3790.86 - 3793.8 you

3791.82 - 3793.5 so I'm going to show you hopefully this

3793.8 - 3795.78 plays the video of this concept the

3796.02 - 3796.26 magic note

3797.1 - 3797.88 and oh

3799.5 - 3803.46 I forgot to uh Nicole I forgot to put on

3803.82 - 3806.94 the video a sound so I think

3807.78 - 3810.54 um

3808.5 - 3810.24 because you won't be can you hear this I

3810.54 - 3810.66 don't know

3812.94 - 3816.06 can you hear that no no so I think I

3816.24 - 3819.06 need to stop and then stop sharing and

3819.36 - 3821.04 come back in but I have to share

3822.9 - 3824.7 um the sound and the audio oh there we

3824.82 - 3827.04 go so I'll do it now sorry about that

3827.28 - 3829.74 everybody no problem no problem you know

3829.86 - 3833.04 you okay now optimize video it won't

3833.22 - 3834.96 allow me to do that so never mind okay

3835.64 - 3838.68 now it should work shabbata here so tell

3838.98 - 3840.42 me if you can hear the sound

3841.5 - 3845.4 Avatar medic yes drone the flying Da

3845.7 - 3848.82 Vinci Avatar medic meta knot drone will

3849.6 - 3851.58 enable on-site medical providers and

3851.94 - 3853.98 First Responders to have access to Next

3854.16 - 3856.02 Generation life-saving interventions and

3856.38 - 3858.54 training moreover using the power of

3858.78 - 3861 telementoring the Avatar medic drone can

3861.3 - 3863.04 instruct and support non-medical persons

3863.52 - 3865.26 to render accurate life-saving Aid

3868.4 - 3870.48 metanna is capable of locating injured

3870.96 - 3872.4 persons in remote environments landing

3873.06 - 3874.92 near moving toward and providing data

3875.28 - 3876.66 stream of injured persons status The

3877.5 - 3879.24 Meta knot is controlled via mixed mode

3879.3 - 3880.74 of direct operation and autonomous

3881.22 - 3883.94 pathfinding

3891.84 - 3893.88 Wheels with motors within and four-wheel

3894.36 - 3896.22 steering ability enable ground Mobility

3896.76 - 3898.44 the Drone features two snake-armed

3899.16 - 3900.66 articulating end effectors for grabbing

3901.08 - 3903.3 and precise cutting and suturing the end

3903.36 - 3904.86 effectors are designed to enable wide

3905.28 - 3906.48 pressure for bleeding control and

3907.14 - 3908.58 patient assessment along with

3908.82 - 3910.56 retractable laparoscopic end effectors

3911.1 - 3913.02 opening the possibility of suturing and

3913.44 - 3914.16 basic surgical interventions

3915.72 - 3918 modular storage Bays modular splint

3918.42 - 3919.62 backboard system and other medical

3919.92 - 3922.02 intervention Technologies enable the

3922.26 - 3924.18 Avatar medic drone to render effective

3924.72 - 3926.52 Aid in remote and austere environments

3929.94 - 3932.88 okay so right now you know we've been

3933 - 3934.56 working on the sword Disney let me go

3934.68 - 3936.86 forward

3937.04 - 3938.22 that's so strange

3939.72 - 3942.42 that's why you play videos and it's like

3943.98 - 3946.32 it won't let me move my video forward

3946.74 - 3947.58 I'm in my presentation

3949.14 - 3950.16 I don't know how to do this

3959.22 - 3962.46 here we go there we go oh no all right

3963.24 - 3965.22 um so with with that you say well that's

3966.06 - 3967.2 really difficult well right now we're

3967.56 - 3969.3 we're very early building the Prototype

3969.96 - 3971.94 and it's it's a matter it's like

3972.3 - 3976.08 anything that is hard or hard to do you

3976.56 - 3977.46 have to work in a very

3977.58 - 3979.98 multi-disciplinary environment with lots

3980.46 - 3981.96 of different people from different

3982.26 - 3984.9 expertise areas right so that's kind of

3985.02 - 3986.6 what we did we created environments

3987.6 - 3989.22 where we have experts in robotics

3989.7 - 3993.6 experts in XR telemedicine experts in

3993.9 - 3997.02 you know uh biosensors haptics and all

3997.14 - 3999.96 this and then coming together to solve

4000.44 - 4002.06 this problem and build this and that's

4002.24 - 4005.18 kind of why you know um it's the

4005.78 - 4008.66 feasibility of manifesting that Vision

4008.96 - 4011.66 will come come be a possibility right

4012.08 - 4014.24 and so right now we're also working

4015.26 - 4018.26 with the with the government to be able

4018.44 - 4020.96 to develop this capability because it

4021.32 - 4024.44 has advantages in terms of how do you

4024.62 - 4028.1 get medical uh attention or intervention

4028.58 - 4031.4 in real time in a battlefield or in a

4031.52 - 4034.7 disaster area right where there is no

4035.18 - 4038.24 access to resources uh to supplies to

4038.54 - 4041.24 Medical experts when you can't get the

4041.96 - 4044.78 the support there and so using this

4045.02 - 4046.64 capability where you can fly in where

4047.24 - 4049.4 you can do real-time intervention you

4050.3 - 4054.92 know

4051.02 - 4054.44 um at the injury site is now a possible

4054.92 - 4057.08 reality and then definitely for space

4057.38 - 4059.78 right there is at this point in time we

4060.74 - 4063.02 cannot do surgery in space we can't

4063.2 - 4066.2 really do medical intervention in space

4066.38 - 4069.26 and if we are thinking about living you

4070.04 - 4072.32 know on surface of moon and definitely

4072.62 - 4074.54 on the surface of Mars we've got to be

4074.72 - 4078.08 able to say can we actually help prevent

4078.62 - 4081.86 you know death can we help to interact

4082.34 - 4083.78 when there's life-threatening injuries

4084.32 - 4087.2 right and this is the capability I think

4087.38 - 4089.12 these capabilities if we're able to

4089.42 - 4091.16 really you know be successful in

4091.46 - 4093.86 developing it it will I'd say the answer

4093.98 - 4095.6 would be yes right but we definitely

4095.96 - 4098.42 need this before we even venture out

4098.66 - 4101.12 Beyond low earth orbit you know and to

4101.24 - 4103.1 say that we can be successful more to

4103.28 - 4105.44 planetary species but this is also

4105.68 - 4107.84 interesting because it involves a lot of

4107.96 - 4111.02 areas of of stem right so definitely

4111.44 - 4113.3 engineering but it also needs the

4113.42 - 4115.46 creative aspect team to come in and do

4115.64 - 4115.82 this so

4116.84 - 4120.38 I think that um you know for us being

4120.74 - 4123.26 part of the part of the sort of future

4123.44 - 4125.72 thinkers the Visionary the Pioneers you

4126.5 - 4130.22 know

4127.34 - 4130.04 um this is an exciting project per se

4130.22 - 4133.22 it's also uh ability to bring in Younger

4134.12 - 4134.36 Next Generation

4136.04 - 4138.02 Um Community students citizen scientists

4138.44 - 4140.3 are interested not only in space but in

4140.54 - 4143.6 there but in the engineering aspect in

4144.02 - 4146.6 the so the Visionary aspect of it right

4146.9 - 4149 uh to come in and work together right to

4149.36 - 4149.48 do this

4150.44 - 4152.96 so another aspect of being able to do

4153.2 - 4155.54 that is the virtual uh digital twinning

4156.02 - 4159.74 and virtual twinning is a new uh but a

4159.86 - 4160.46 very exciting area

4162.14 - 4165.26 um that is a platform technology that is

4165.56 - 4167.62 using all these sort of exponential

4168.76 - 4171.2 Technologies right using uh augmented

4171.74 - 4173.56 reality using robotics use simulation

4174.56 - 4177.22 using AI artificial intelligence it's

4178.22 - 4179.84 really the definition of a virtual twin

4180.2 - 4183.62 is when you build a simulated you know

4184.64 - 4186.92 um replication of whatever it is you

4187.28 - 4189.32 want a model of whatever it is so in our

4189.44 - 4191.66 case it's a robotic arm but it could be

4191.96 - 4194.6 a the surface of the Moon you can build

4195.08 - 4197.48 a virtual twin if you've got all the

4197.66 - 4199.16 data we definitely we have the

4199.7 - 4201.92 information about the geology of the

4202.04 - 4203.9 moon or Mars you know about the weather

4204.02 - 4205.94 about the the conditions there the

4206.24 - 4208.76 environment so it can be that kind of a

4208.94 - 4210.14 virtual twin that you want to develop

4210.62 - 4212.54 and and it's a computerized simulator

4213.22 - 4215.66 simulation of that twin that you want

4215.84 - 4219.08 and then you can do predictive and uh uh

4219.56 - 4222.2 analytics you can put in caveats or

4222.38 - 4225.14 problems and and and put those problem

4225.44 - 4227.96 sets into that twin that you just

4228.08 - 4230.6 created and and then it will be able to

4230.78 - 4233.24 you know uh try to find some solutions

4233.66 - 4235.52 for those particular problems right to

4236.24 - 4238.34 help you make decisions to help you

4238.58 - 4240.56 foresee problems that you can mitigate

4241.22 - 4243.26 or prevent in this case what we were

4243.44 - 4246.14 trying to do was build a robotic arm and

4246.68 - 4248 in this case you could see this robotic

4248.48 - 4251.48 arms all 3D printed uh is a very

4251.6 - 4253.64 expensive robotic arm so we're at 50 to

4253.94 - 4257.3 80 000 to buy one and then what we

4257.42 - 4259.28 wanted to do was to prove a concept of

4259.58 - 4261.38 using in this case you could see a

4262.22 - 4264.26 person wearing the hololens too which is

4264.38 - 4267.2 a spatial Computing XR headset and say

4267.38 - 4270.14 can we do a virtual twin replica of this

4270.32 - 4273.44 Rob body arm and and and then using the

4273.68 - 4275.18 virtual controls which I'll show you in

4275.3 - 4277.16 a minute of the video to maneuver the

4277.58 - 4278 robotic arm

4279.08 - 4283.1 and do the the the tests or the

4283.28 - 4285.02 Maneuvers that you want the robotic the

4285.32 - 4287.36 actual robotic arm to do but you do it

4287.48 - 4289.58 with a virtual arm first right the

4289.82 - 4292.52 virtual twin of the robotic arm and so

4292.64 - 4294.26 in this case we wanted to say because at

4294.68 - 4296 the end of the day we want to say we

4296.78 - 4299.54 want to use the XR to do the tasks you

4300.26 - 4300.38 know remotely

4302.42 - 4303.92 um and then that will be translated to

4304.34 - 4306.38 the actual robotic arm so at the end of

4306.62 - 4307.76 our you know when you remember the

4308.12 - 4310.04 medinol we've got the robotic arms doing

4310.28 - 4312.74 all the medical intervention right

4314.18 - 4315.92 um that's what we want to do you know to

4316.22 - 4318.62 be able to allow the surgeon or the

4318.86 - 4321.38 doctor to be able to manipulate the

4321.8 - 4324.74 robotic arm to do certain tasks right so

4325.16 - 4327.14 with that let's see if I could play uh

4328.1 - 4329.96 the the example and let's see I can

4330.14 - 4332.72 explain to you uh well I think you can

4332.78 - 4333.2 visually also

4335 - 4337.4 um see what this is showing you so here

4337.52 - 4339.08 he's got the hololens too special

4339.74 - 4341.24 Computing and he's got his handout

4341.84 - 4342.86 because he's looking

4344.06 - 4346.04 um at the virtual controls which is on

4346.22 - 4347 the surface of his

4347.72 - 4350.24 hand the Palm here all right let's play

4350.42 - 4350.84 this and see

4355.18 - 4357.86 so you could see this there's a pointer

4358.16 - 4359.66 because it's he's using a virtual this

4359.96 - 4362.12 is the virtual digital twin of the

4362.24 - 4364.82 robotic arm it picked up this brick and

4365.36 - 4367.64 it maneuvered from A to B and in a

4367.82 - 4369.32 minute you see his hand coming out and

4370.16 - 4372.14 he has on his hand superimposed the

4372.26 - 4374.78 virtual controls so he's just going to

4374.96 - 4377.06 actually point to the virtual control

4377.24 - 4379.94 and then there's a certain latency right

4380.36 - 4382.7 now which is kind of you know as half a

4382.88 - 4385.46 second latency and then the it will

4385.82 - 4387.56 translate the virtual arm movement to

4388.4 - 4390.26 the actual robotic arm and you could see

4390.44 - 4393.02 the robotic arm doing exactly the same

4393.26 - 4396.92 maneuver as as the uh virtual arm the

4397.28 - 4400.34 virtual twin so this was a proof of

4400.4 - 4403.1 concept for us to apply digital twinning

4403.6 - 4406.64 concept into our sort of medinal but

4407 - 4408.74 it's in this case I'm just showing you

4408.92 - 4411.74 this particular example but the digital

4412.04 - 4414.26 twin can be used for many many other

4415.3 - 4417.5 situations right and applications and

4418.22 - 4419.96 this is a really exciting especially for

4420.26 - 4423.8 Education

4421.82 - 4423.2 um you know the future of Education it

4423.8 - 4423.98 will change

4424.88 - 4427.76 her the ability for us to you know

4427.88 - 4430.82 immerse the the student and the and you

4431.12 - 4433.04 know the trainer into an immersive world

4433.28 - 4435.08 to do the training in real time right

4435.62 - 4438.98 and get to see a 360 uh of the

4439.16 - 4441.08 environment or of the model or whatever

4441.26 - 4443.54 it is right and then interact with it in

4443.72 - 4444.14 real time together

4445.1 - 4448.4 so another area of cybernetic uh avatars

4449.3 - 4453.56 is using uh avatars to do surgery uh to

4453.8 - 4456.74 do tele surgery tele anesthesia in space

4456.98 - 4459.56 and in our and if you don't know about

4459.8 - 4461.78 analog astronautics as an expanding

4462.2 - 4464.3 field it's it's a simulation of

4466.16 - 4468.26 um of actually in our case astronauts

4469.22 - 4471.86 you know they live and work together in

4472.22 - 4473.78 Crews and they're deployed to these

4474.14 - 4476.54 analog sites around the world into these

4477.14 - 4479.36 sort of habitats right and they they

4479.66 - 4480.86 live as though they're living on the

4480.98 - 4482.9 surface of the Moon or Mars and then in

4483.5 - 4485.6 that environment or that experience it's

4486.02 - 4487.94 experience learning they get to learn

4488.12 - 4490.16 about technology they interact with the

4490.34 - 4492.08 technology they get to learn about human

4492.44 - 4494.96 behavior the challenges and the problems

4495.38 - 4497.54 of working together in the small crew so

4498.02 - 4500 it's similar to the astronauts going

4500.24 - 4501.08 living on the International Space

4501.62 - 4504.38 Station but now we're saying we're going

4504.56 - 4506.84 to have have them as analog astronauts

4507.62 - 4508.94 because they're not literally in space

4509.18 - 4510.74 they're still under one g on Earth so

4510.98 - 4512.96 that's why it's analog astronauts but

4513.5 - 4515.78 they want to be able to give the

4516.2 - 4518.12 experience to the crew of what the

4518.42 - 4520.16 challenges are like living on the

4520.28 - 4522.44 surface of a planet and so in this case

4522.56 - 4524.72 with with our company Avatar many over

4524.96 - 4526.76 the years we actually work with with Mrs

4527.42 - 4529.66 to be able to deploy a lot of analog

4530.66 - 4532.64 astronaut crew missions to austere

4533.12 - 4534.56 environments we went to Nepal fifteen

4535.1 - 4536.24 thousand feet we'll be going underwater

4536.92 - 4540.14 to the habitat analog habitat of the

4540.38 - 4543.32 Florida Keys in early 2024 but in this

4543.5 - 4546.32 case

4544.28 - 4546.08 um we worked on developing the medical

4546.32 - 4548.42 technology for space medicine right

4548.84 - 4550.4 space Medics because in the future

4551.36 - 4553.82 we're definitely going to need a lot

4553.88 - 4556.64 more medically trained uh space Medics

4557.24 - 4559.4 or space doctors when there are more

4559.52 - 4561.5 people that will be boring and living

4561.68 - 4564.26 out uh in space right that's the

4564.56 - 4567.44 commercial space sector with Axiom space

4567.68 - 4570.68 with blue Origins orbital Reef you know

4570.8 - 4573.02 and other other organizations are

4573.44 - 4574.88 building these commercial space stations

4575.36 - 4577.28 and then of course the Artemis Mission

4577.52 - 4579.68 with the future of building lunar

4580.46 - 4581.84 settlements and then eventually Martian

4582.32 - 4584.66 settlements we can have in the next

4584.78 - 4587.06 decade or two thousands of people living

4587.42 - 4589.76 in space and working in space and then

4589.88 - 4591.92 the probability of accidents of injuries

4592.4 - 4594.26 is going to be there so how do you take

4594.44 - 4596.24 care of them so this is the whole idea

4596.6 - 4598.64 of building the avatars this

4599.06 - 4601.82 tele-robotic humanoid avatars where now

4602.18 - 4604.16 you can actually teleport the surgeon or

4604.34 - 4606.44 the doctor to that environment whether

4606.92 - 4609.8 it's to you know microgravity on the on

4610.04 - 4612.2 the commercial station or to the surface

4612.5 - 4614.36 of the Moon or to or to Mars they don't

4614.48 - 4615.92 need to literally have to be there in

4616.16 - 4618.68 person they teleport this with these

4618.98 - 4621.5 capabilities to interact so you can see

4621.68 - 4624.74 here where we have a crew you know and

4625.28 - 4626.9 they're there in this sort of analog

4627.74 - 4629.3 habitat of a space clinics or

4629.6 - 4631.76 prototyping right it's out in the desert

4632.06 - 4634.52 Mojave it's designated as the space

4634.7 - 4636.68 clinic or this the clinical area where

4637.1 - 4639.38 they do all the medical training and

4639.86 - 4641.36 this is the crew they're all non-medical

4642.02 - 4644.48 so the question was can we can they

4644.66 - 4645.8 acquire Knowledge and Skills

4646.94 - 4648.26 um you know by being trained or

4648.44 - 4651.56 telemented by the remote medical team to

4652.04 - 4654.56 do these particular basic life support

4654.86 - 4657.38 intervention basic you know surgery

4658.16 - 4661.52 basic anesthesia and using robotics so

4661.82 - 4663.62 in this case we have the same old same

4663.98 - 4666.2 robotic arm here but this was controlled

4666.8 - 4670.16 uh by a surgeon 300 miles away because

4670.52 - 4673.28 this is in Mojave and from Las Vegas the

4674 - 4675.5 surgeon was able to maneuver the robotic

4675.98 - 4677.96 arm remotely and work with the

4678.2 - 4679.94 non-medical crew how to actually do

4680.36 - 4682.4 intubation so this was really in

4682.76 - 4684.44 interesting and it's it's something that

4685.22 - 4686.78 we've been working on over the years to

4687.2 - 4687.5 be able to develop

4688.52 - 4691.16 these capabilities right and develop the

4691.4 - 4693.02 protocols and to train the non-medical

4693.62 - 4695.9 team how to acquire this knowledge but

4696.56 - 4698.06 then you can have you could see here

4698.24 - 4700.64 we're working uh with developing an

4701.06 - 4703.22 actual humanoid robot which was similar

4703.58 - 4705.56 to the Tesla robot but in this case

4706.82 - 4708.68 um bringing in you know the telepresence

4709.46 - 4711.02 so you could see and I'll show you as

4711.44 - 4712.34 our last part of the video

4713.78 - 4716 um actual you know interaction with a

4716.3 - 4717.56 patient during a simple neurological

4718.34 - 4721.1 exam you know but um it's the robot

4721.52 - 4723.14 that's going into the physical

4723.32 - 4725.78 environment but the surgeon or the

4725.9 - 4727.58 doctor coming in as via telepresence

4728.36 - 4730.64 right and talking so this would have

4730.82 - 4733.1 been but this technology was more

4733.34 - 4735.08 advanced a couple of years ago we would

4735.26 - 4737.36 have saved a lot of first respond or

4737.54 - 4738.92 Frontline Medical Healthcare

4739.96 - 4742.4 professionals because when the covet hit

4742.58 - 4744.38 the pandemic you know

4745.04 - 4746.72 um we didn't have the capabilities of

4747.2 - 4750.26 these humanoid you know know robots that

4750.62 - 4752.18 could go into the dangerous environments

4752.84 - 4754.64 you know in other words patients with

4754.88 - 4757.58 covet and and then they the surgeons can

4757.88 - 4758.96 interact or the doctors interact

4759.44 - 4760.88 remotely so they're not putting

4761.6 - 4763.58 themselves at risk we didn't have this

4763.76 - 4765.98 capability a few years ago so that

4766.34 - 4769.04 result of that was uh hundreds of you

4769.7 - 4771.74 know thousands of front-line doctors and

4771.98 - 4774.26 surgeons and nurses actually died and

4775.04 - 4777.98 and so it was a huge problem so but it's

4778.16 - 4780.26 never too late you know here we are at

4780.86 - 4783.32 today 2023 where the advancement of

4783.74 - 4786.92 tele-robotics and avatars has really

4787.16 - 4789.02 matured that allow us to be able to

4789.14 - 4791.3 build these capabilities but like I said

4791.42 - 4793.34 it's not only for space here on Earth

4793.52 - 4795.14 this is a clinical setting in a hospital

4795.32 - 4797.96 it could be out for disaster you know

4798.08 - 4801.02 mitigation support it could be his you

4801.38 - 4803.66 know this was a this image was created

4803.96 - 4806.96 by dalitu the software where there's an

4807.2 - 4809.3 interaction with the students may be

4809.48 - 4811.82 here this the the caveat could be the

4811.94 - 4813.98 students are living on the surface of

4814.16 - 4816.26 Mars or in a you know in a classroom you

4816.86 - 4818.6 have a robot but you have a specialized

4819.26 - 4821.42 expert coming in just like I'm coming in

4821.66 - 4823.58 talking to you by Zoom but now the

4823.88 - 4825.62 robots interacting with you but the

4825.86 - 4828.26 person talking to you is is an actual

4828.5 - 4830.24 person but living on you know living on

4830.54 - 4832.58 Earth right obviously Mars and there's a

4832.76 - 4835.22 latency so let's just say you know the

4835.64 - 4838.1 we overcame the latency and the person

4838.28 - 4841.1 is the teachers interacting with you in

4841.4 - 4843.44 real time but in this robotic presence

4843.92 - 4848.84 so

4845.48 - 4848.42 less than uh oops let me I want to stop

4848.84 - 4851 sharing this particular slide and I'll

4851.18 - 4854.12 show you this neurological exam of this

4854.42 - 4856.7 robot with this with the with the doctor

4856.82 - 4857.84 but it says me right

4858.74 - 4860.3 talking and doing conducting a

4860.54 - 4863.06 neurological exam with this patient so I

4863.78 - 4866.72 need to share another video if I can

4869 - 4872.18 um I think if you give me a second I

4872.78 - 4873.44 need to find a video

4875.18 - 4876.26 um all right here we go

4877.88 - 4879.8 and then I think I will take some

4879.92 - 4881.24 questions after I show you this video

4881.48 - 4883.58 okay so let me share this

4885.04 - 4888.44 Zoom has to assume forces to do all

4888.62 - 4889.22 these multiple steps

4891.98 - 4894.38 um okay it allows us to talk to you and

4894.86 - 4896.18 we're all far away from each other so

4896.42 - 4899.18 that's awesome I know exactly okay so

4899.54 - 4902.42 let me share this last video this is the

4902.66 - 4905.84 simple neurological exam using the robot

4906.32 - 4908.48 and the telepresence capability in other

4908.6 - 4911.66 words the cybernetic humanoid Avatar

4912.26 - 4912.62 Okay so

4913.76 - 4914.72 let's share

4916.78 - 4920.18 and can you see my screen now yes yes

4920.18 - 4923.06 all right here we are to do Barry and

4923.24 - 4924.98 I'm here to take the neurology exam I

4925.7 - 4927.5 just need you to relax and just follow

4927.68 - 4928.52 my instructions okay

4929.9 - 4932.12 first thing I need you to do is to keep

4932.6 - 4935.84 looking directly at my eyes and then

4936.02 - 4936.62 follow my instructions

4938.9 - 4941.48 so this is the pen light and I'm going

4941.66 - 4944 to shine it into your eyes now okay keep

4944.54 - 4945.2 looking at me and

4946.76 - 4947.72 that's right good

4949.76 - 4951.86 now I'm going to shine the light in the

4952.04 - 4954.26 other eye but keep just looking directly

4954.92 - 4955.64 at my eyes

4957.02 - 4959.62 okay

4966.74 - 4971.66 wonderful

4968.9 - 4971.6 Dorian all right so I mean that was a

4971.66 - 4973.16 short and quick but it gives you a good

4973.4 - 4976.52 example of the whole idea of you know in

4976.88 - 4979.46 that case you have the doctor you know

4979.52 - 4982.88 coming in with inside the you know the

4983.24 - 4986 robot Avatar right she's the the doctors

4986.54 - 4988.04 it's the Avatar but it's telepresence

4988.82 - 4991.34 and but the robot's physically there and

4992.18 - 4994.7 and the humanoid sensorium or the doctor

4995 - 4997.04 is there but the physical presence of

4997.16 - 4998.54 the Dot's not there so in a dangerous

4998.84 - 5000.7 environment you know where there's

5000.88 - 5002.68 patience has to be isolated because they

5002.98 - 5004.42 have a you know a virus that's

5004.6 - 5006.64 contagious you don't want the doctor to

5006.94 - 5008.44 be there you don't want the nurse to be

5008.56 - 5010.3 there you know they will you know they

5010.72 - 5012.52 will put themselves at risk so this is

5013.12 - 5015.16 is a way to do that but you can

5015.28 - 5017.98 extrapolate that into other austere

5018.52 - 5019.6 environments or dangerous environments

5020.32 - 5022.18 space right which is what we're talking

5022.36 - 5025.96 about in the future so the idea of the

5026.26 - 5029.5 integration of the convergence of all

5029.74 - 5032.22 these Frontier Technologies right is

5033.22 - 5035.38 going to enable us to to do this and

5035.62 - 5038.02 it's a really exciting time for us at

5038.68 - 5041.02 this juncture of our Humanity that will

5041.2 - 5042.76 allow us to actually because we don't

5042.88 - 5044.86 just want to go to space and then you

5045.22 - 5047.56 know what we're not tourists I mean

5047.68 - 5049.36 there will be a sector where people just

5049.6 - 5051.28 go and visit Victoria and come back but

5051.76 - 5053.98 there's many of us who like Elon Musk

5054.4 - 5056.74 and Jeff Bezos with blue engine want to

5056.92 - 5060.76 build you know uh Humanity multi become

5061.12 - 5063.28 multi-planetary and have permanence in

5064.24 - 5066.82 space and so we want to thrive there and

5067.18 - 5069.34 not just live there right I mean just go

5069.58 - 5071.08 there and visit come back we don't just

5071.26 - 5072.7 want to survive we want to fly and

5073.42 - 5075.58 that's the importance so all right

5075.76 - 5077.08 that's the end of my presentation open

5077.44 - 5077.74 to questions

5078.76 - 5081.28 wonderful presentation thank you so much

5081.4 - 5083.08 for sharing your knowledge and time with

5083.32 - 5086.08 us and I'm sure as these students are

5086.26 - 5087.76 planning a human Mission to Mars medical

5088.26 - 5090.58 information is very very important

5091.24 - 5093.52 because inevitably something's going to

5093.58 - 5095.74 happen to somebody when they're on Mars

5096.82 - 5096.88 um medically

5098.38 - 5100.6 um Ahmed would like to know how will

5100.78 - 5103.72 this technology help with a delay of the

5103.9 - 5106.48 20-minute time to transmit the signal to

5106.66 - 5109.36 Mars yes so that's what I said earlier

5109.9 - 5113.08 it's called latency right latency is the

5113.38 - 5115.74 delay in time of actual transmission to

5116.74 - 5118.96 get to you know whatever it is that you

5119.08 - 5122.2 want to get to right so that is a huge

5122.74 - 5124.96 problem with the technology latency but

5125.68 - 5127.3 but right now you know we're talking

5127.54 - 5130.84 about 5G you know which is reduces that

5131.02 - 5133.36 latency period but also you know it's

5133.78 - 5135.46 it's a challenge we have to work on it

5135.64 - 5137.14 you know there is there is research

5137.5 - 5138.1 looking at 6G

5139.54 - 5141.04 um but if we don't overcome the latency

5141.46 - 5143.38 I think that will always be a problem so

5143.98 - 5146.2 you have to say Okay think out of the

5146.32 - 5147.94 box you're not going to transmit from

5148.3 - 5151 Earth to to Mars you'll be on the moon

5151.18 - 5153.22 one of the Moon of Mars and so maybe

5153.4 - 5154.9 your mission control will be there your

5155.44 - 5157.12 medical team will be there so therefore

5157.54 - 5160.6 that latency would would not be a

5160.78 - 5162.76 problem the other scenario is actually

5163.06 - 5164.98 having Station to Station on the surface

5165.22 - 5167.08 of the planet so the latency wouldn't be

5167.26 - 5168.64 there so you have to think out of the

5168.76 - 5173.02 boss

5170.02 - 5172.9 and what I bet Quantum Computing if we

5173.02 - 5175.54 get that worked out that might help the

5175.84 - 5176.56 latency as well

5177.88 - 5180.58 um absolutely yes a good question though

5180.88 - 5183.4 right yes of course um Andre would like

5183.58 - 5185.86 to know if it can be used in a wide

5186.1 - 5188.44 variety of applications what are the

5188.62 - 5190.6 possibilities of the worst case scenario

5191.26 - 5194.56 of digital twinning being used is there

5194.74 - 5196 any risk for the user

5199.72 - 5202.78 the risk of the user no because you're

5203.2 - 5205.12 virtually it's a virtual computation

5207.66 - 5210.64 computerized environment that's why it's

5210.82 - 5211.06 called a

5211.92 - 5214.48 virtual digital training right digital

5215.44 - 5217.12 so you're not physically there

5218.08 - 5220.6 right that's the reason why we want to

5220.72 - 5222.58 build these humanoid cybernetic robot

5223.06 - 5225.82 avatars because the robot will be there

5226 - 5228.1 physically so if there's an explosion or

5228.4 - 5231.28 whatever right a mass you know radiation

5231.76 - 5233.92 exposure the robotics exposed not the

5234.1 - 5235.48 humans the humans are so fragile

5236.56 - 5238.6 like we're doing the Drone we did the

5238.72 - 5240.1 Drone I showed you the Drone rope the

5240.28 - 5242.5 medinort it's the Drone you know the

5242.68 - 5245.56 physical you know drone and Rover is

5245.74 - 5246.76 going to be there in that environment

5247.18 - 5249.82 the tech the presence the humanoid

5250.3 - 5252.22 presence of that human

5253.3 - 5255.46 is there but the physical molecular

5256.24 - 5258.82 structure of our human present body is

5259.18 - 5261.94 not there so we're not subjected to all

5262.24 - 5264.22 the environmental issues or or

5264.9 - 5266.86 catastrophe that's happening right there

5267.04 - 5269.02 right so we don't get injured does that

5269.2 - 5269.38 make sense

5270.82 - 5272.62 yeah and that's the reason why it's

5273.04 - 5275.38 needed right because we it doesn't make

5275.68 - 5277.84 sense to for example when we have

5278.02 - 5280.6 accidents you know like disasters or you

5281.02 - 5282.7 know or when even the astronauts doing

5282.88 - 5285.64 moonwalk it doesn't make sense to try to

5285.88 - 5288.1 solve a problem by putting others in

5288.76 - 5290.44 that same situation and putting them at

5290.62 - 5293.8 risk right technology should enable us

5294.04 - 5296.8 to mitigate that and that's what this

5297.1 - 5300.16 whole idea is where the humans there but

5300.94 - 5303.04 they're not physically present you know

5303.16 - 5304.42 they're molecular structure is not there

5304.6 - 5307.48 so they won't be subjected to the the

5307.6 - 5310.48 threat right but they could still do the

5310.78 - 5312.76 things that's needed right the

5313.18 - 5314.62 interaction can be there in real time

5314.8 - 5317.02 and still can perform the task right

5317.8 - 5319.78 because their inside is kind of like

5319.9 - 5322.96 putting yourself inside a robot you know

5323.02 - 5325.42 strike a physical structure that's that

5325.84 - 5327.76 you can manipulate and move right I mean

5327.94 - 5329.92 it's it and that prevents you from

5330.82 - 5331.84 putting yourself into Danger

5332.92 - 5334.18 and that's always an important right

5334.6 - 5338.02 safety first right and tissio would like

5338.2 - 5340.06 to know what if there is a malfunction

5340.6 - 5343.36 in the humanoid robot I presume she

5343.48 - 5345.76 means specifically if a surgery is going

5346 - 5350.26 on

5348.46 - 5349.96 yeah that's a very good question but

5350.26 - 5352.48 remember any time that you want to use

5352.66 - 5354.64 technology it matures over time right

5355.36 - 5358.78 and so we're very early stage in this

5358.96 - 5360.94 trying to apply this into this setting

5361.3 - 5363.64 so like anything you do it's called

5363.94 - 5369.28 prototyping

5365.52 - 5369.04 iteration validating proving it over and

5369.28 - 5371.68 over so it becomes more you know more

5371.86 - 5373.96 efficient and more mature the technology

5374.5 - 5376.9 and the you know the the re the

5377.5 - 5379.24 reduction in the risk and the problems

5379.66 - 5384.64 but

5380.44 - 5383.44 no system is ever 100 percent

5384.64 - 5388.12 efficient no system at all so you just

5388.24 - 5391.6 gotta try the best you can by trying to

5391.84 - 5394.06 mitigate and reduce as as many of the

5394.18 - 5395.86 risks and most problems the way you do

5396.1 - 5398.56 that is to do keep doing iterations of

5398.8 - 5400.36 it and and finding out what the problems

5400.66 - 5401.8 are and try to solve those problems and

5401.98 - 5403.24 you move on you keep evolving and

5403.36 - 5405.4 maturing it right and that's that's

5405.64 - 5407.68 where we're going so the good idea the

5408.04 - 5410.26 good example is is our cell phone right

5411.04 - 5412.24 when we first started with communication

5413.86 - 5416.02 centuries ago we didn't have cell phones

5416.32 - 5418.84 right we just had you know the the was

5419.62 - 5421.18 it the I forget what they call it typing

5422.08 - 5424.38 thing

5425.04 - 5427.24 yeah exactly and then it became the

5427.42 - 5429.16 rotary phones which I used in my that's

5429.34 - 5431.5 how old I am I use rotary phones right

5431.74 - 5434.62 darling rotary I mean that is an example

5434.92 - 5436.96 of course you know it took a long time

5437.2 - 5439 to get to the cell phone and where we go

5439.18 - 5441.28 now we got the headsets and you know the

5441.64 - 5443.62 AR XR headsets and where that's going

5443.92 - 5445.78 you know but at the end of the day it's

5446.38 - 5449.5 the sort of the the reduction and the

5449.68 - 5452.08 miniaturization of everything and the

5452.56 - 5454.96 reduction of time to get to places to

5455.5 - 5456.76 get to communicate that's what

5456.94 - 5459.28 technology does right you know I'm

5459.7 - 5461.8 always just example coming out of the

5461.98 - 5464.62 cave and where we are now right you know

5464.74 - 5466.36 and our Mobility mobility and

5466.78 - 5468.58 communication are two great examples and

5468.76 - 5470.02 you look back in history and where it's

5470.2 - 5472.48 go where we are now how technology has

5473.08 - 5475.06 enabled us to where we are now and to

5475.24 - 5476.86 then where we're going to go right so

5477.4 - 5478.96 those are two good examples so back to

5479.08 - 5480.88 your question is of course we're not

5481 - 5482.5 going to be doing surgery right now

5482.62 - 5484.9 because we're not there yet but that's

5485.2 - 5486.76 kind of where the future where we want

5486.88 - 5489.16 that's one of our Target goals so we'll

5489.34 - 5491.68 work out to get to there but the idea

5491.98 - 5494.32 that we can teleport are human or

5494.74 - 5497.32 sensorium with all these Technologies at

5497.8 - 5499.24 this point in time is an amazing

5499.66 - 5501.82 achievement that's what I would say and

5502.48 - 5504.52 and we're looking for pioneers and

5504.7 - 5507.16 Visionaries and and people students who

5507.4 - 5510.1 are interested in in working in this

5510.28 - 5512.98 field and being able to be part of this

5513.16 - 5514.42 because it's still very early Innovation

5515.02 - 5517.12 right still very early pioneering work

5517.3 - 5520.36 you know so and just like a cell phone

5520.54 - 5524.02 cell phone was created under NASA for

5524.44 - 5526.3 the early days of astronauts the early

5526.42 - 5528.7 human space flight for the for for us

5529 - 5530.38 and they needed to communicate they

5531.16 - 5532.96 created you know the cell phone

5533.14 - 5536.26 communication right so you know

5537.04 - 5539.14 look where they started when we communic

5539.62 - 5541.24 when they did that they had a whole room

5541.48 - 5544.36 of computers and it had less compute

5545.14 - 5548.56 computation power than we have and they

5548.8 - 5550.42 but they're able to do that to land

5550.6 - 5553 humans on the moon right if you if you

5553.18 - 5554.56 believe that humans in land on the moon

5554.68 - 5555.28 which they did

5557.28 - 5561.1 so so yes I saw a vision that's our goal

5561.46 - 5563.56 we want to be able to be able to do

5563.8 - 5565.96 surgery in remote areas overcome the

5566.14 - 5567.58 challenges was the first question

5567.76 - 5571.66 latency

5569.38 - 5571.54 um but but there are but like you say

5571.66 - 5573.76 Nicole Quantum Computing the ability

5574.06 - 5576.58 other new discoveries maybe we haven't

5576.76 - 5578.62 found yet that will come into

5578.74 - 5580.48 manifestation that will allow us to

5580.84 - 5583.36 solve these problems but it's better to

5583.6 - 5585.94 do it have a vision start prototyping

5586.84 - 5589 you know pioneering it and see where it

5589.18 - 5589.48 goes right

5590.98 - 5593.68 absolutely otherwise we'd still be in

5593.86 - 5595.12 the cave right if we weren't always

5595.42 - 5597.16 innovating we would yeah however

5599.56 - 5602.14 yes it's true but however if you want to

5602.26 - 5604.06 live in a cave uh if you want to live

5604.18 - 5605.5 underground and you have that experience

5605.86 - 5608.08 as part of our analog missions is to

5608.32 - 5609.52 give you this real what we call

5609.64 - 5612.1 experiential learning so we're actually

5612.28 - 5613.6 going to be doing underwater aquinotics

5614.56 - 5616.42 so you can learn to to to to live

5617.02 - 5619.24 underwater in a habitat or we actually

5619.36 - 5622 do love notes to go in the lava tubes

5622.54 - 5624.64 and do missions there and even in a cave

5624.76 - 5626.32 it's kind of cave-like right caver notes

5626.8 - 5628.72 the point is there's a long word for

5628.9 - 5630.04 that I can never say it's splinunklings

5631 - 5633.64 but an inkling is cave divers and so the

5634 - 5635.26 ideas using these very extreme

5635.56 - 5636.82 environments or very unique environments

5637.42 - 5639.16 to do these missions and then test

5639.46 - 5641.2 technology as well as human behavior

5641.8 - 5643.48 right and it's really interesting

5643.9 - 5645.52 because you'd never know what

5645.94 - 5647.14 predicament you will find yourself and

5647.62 - 5649.24 when you actually live you know when

5649.48 - 5650.8 you're in space or when you're on the

5650.92 - 5652.3 surface of moon and Mars one day right

5652.6 - 5654.88 so it's better to have all these skill

5655.06 - 5657.28 sets and experience in your pocket right

5657.88 - 5660.52 so you may if you're confronted it in a

5660.7 - 5661.78 particular environment that's unusual

5662.38 - 5665.02 that you see or challenges you've got

5665.2 - 5667 this this set of tools or experiences

5667.54 - 5670.42 that you can default to and and help you

5670.54 - 5672.76 out of a very sticky situation and a lot

5672.82 - 5674.8 of these Osteo environments is pretty

5675.46 - 5677.68 potentially life-friendly right which is

5677.8 - 5680.26 what space is so it's not space camp

5680.56 - 5683.62 right

5681.46 - 5683.44 it's totally not space camp it's about

5683.62 - 5685.9 how do you survive how do you thrive how

5686.56 - 5688.24 do you test technology to be able to

5688.3 - 5690.1 support you because technology is there

5690.34 - 5691.9 to support you not to replace you

5693.94 - 5695.68 wonderful wonderful answer

5697 - 5699.34 um students give the biggest Round of

5699.52 - 5700.66 Applause to our speakers today

5702.12 - 5704.2 interesting incredible wonderful

5704.92 - 5707.62 information so much gratitude from the

5707.74 - 5709.78 Mars society and myself and the students

5710.4 - 5712.78 your video will be uploaded in the next

5712.9 - 5715.3 day or two this will be students if you

5715.48 - 5716.8 would like to re-watch you're getting a

5717.04 - 5718.36 lot of getting a lot of hand clapping

5719.32 - 5721.72 hands and thank yous it will be uploaded

5722.08 - 5723.34 on YouTube and linked on the syllabus

5723.82 - 5726.4 our last talk is today in two hours from

5726.76 - 5729.58 now

5727.78 - 5729.22 um Lee Grant irons will be speaking

5729.58 - 5732.76 again thank you so much Dr Jewell and Dr

5732.88 - 5734.2 Brown much much appreciated

5736.06 - 5737.68 um Nicole I want to say to everybody

5737.92 - 5740.32 here I'm actually the director of the

5740.44 - 5742.3 mall Society Los Angeles chapter so

5743.2 - 5745.96 reach out to me if I I'll put it or

5746.62 - 5748.24 maybe they can get hold of my email

5748.86 - 5751.72 Nicole you can give them and and we also

5752.02 - 5753.82 will be conducting several analog

5754.48 - 5756.4 missions so if you're interested in

5757.18 - 5759.76 joining our missions or bringing in a

5760 - 5762.28 project or or work on a project with we

5762.7 - 5765.22 do offer internships and if you're

5765.4 - 5767.32 qualified for students for scholarships

5767.98 - 5770.32 to do that then you're more than welcome

5770.56 - 5772.48 so thank you so much for this

5772.6 - 5776.44 opportunity

5773.86 - 5776.26 good luck to everybody so much thank you

5776.44 - 5778.24 very much and I will be speaking again

5778.36 - 5780.22 about judging and mentoring as well

5780.88 - 5782.56 thank you students thank you speakers

5782.86 - 5785.02 have a wonderful day I'll see you guys

5785.2 - 5788.26 later bye I'm Prosper long and prosper

5789.22 - 5792 bye