| Biodiversity | The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable. In the lecture, the speaker notes the rich diversity of life on Earth, specifically mentioning how beavers create incredible amounts of biodiversity when reintroduced to desolate habitats. | 260901 |
| Logarithmic | Relating to a logarithmic scale or progression; mathematical divisions that decrease or increase exponentially. The speaker references a "logarithmic thing" occurring in Zeno's paradox (Achilles and the Tortoise), where Achilles continuously covers fractional increments of distance but mathematically never catches the tortoise. | 260901 |
| Physical cosmology | The branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins, evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe. The speaker mentions that incredible advances in physical cosmology in their lifetime have revealed a universe so vast and ancient as to be inconceivable, which naturally resonates with Spinoza's proposition of an infinite universe. | 260901 |
| Speed of light | A fundamental physical constant representing the maximum speed at which all conventional matter, energy, and information in the universe can travel. The speaker cites the speed of light and gravity as examples of "infinite modes"—ongoing, absolute physical laws that dictate how Spinoza's dynamic universe functions. | 260901 |