09 People

Parents

Term Sets

Children

9.01 Ancient Authors
9.02 Ancient Rulers & Classical Figures
9.03 Biblical & Apocryphal Figures
9.04 Lecturers & Contributors
9.05 Modern Scholars
9.06 Mythological Deities & Figures
9.07 People Groups
9.08 Scholars, Historians, Filmmakers & Modern Figures
Abraham -- A biblical patriarch with whom God established a covenant. In the transcript, his covenant is contrasted with later notions of the immortality of the soul.
Achilles -- A legendary Greek hero from the Trojan War. In the transcript, he is the subject of Zeno’s paradox of motion, illustrating the difficulty of overtaking a tortoise mathematically.
Achilles Hero of Greek mythology, featured in Zeno's paradox of motion racing against a tortoise.
Achilles Hero of Greek mythology, featured in Zeno's paradox of motion racing against a tortoise.
Alexander III (Pope, c. 1105–1181) 12th-century Pope whose decretals established that mutual consent (verba de praesenti) creates a binding marriage.
Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE) Church Father whose treatise De Bono Coniugali established the three theological goods of Christian marriage.
Augustus Caesar (63 BCE – 14 CE) First Roman Emperor whose moral legislation penalized bachelorhood and rewarded marital childbearing.
Baruch Spinoza -- A 17th-century Dutch-Jewish philosopher who proposed a radical monistic metaphysics, identifying God with the natural universe (Deus sive Natura).
Charlemagne (c. 742–814) King of the Franks crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 CE.
Charles V -- Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor who ruled during the rise of the Protestant Reformation and fought to preserve Catholic dominance across Europe and the Netherlands.
Charles V Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor who inherited a vast empire and fought Protestantism.
Charles V Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor who inherited a vast empire and fought Protestantism.
Christian Hermann Weisse (1801–1866) German philosopher and theologian who originated the Two-Source Hypothesis in 1838.
Conversos Converts (Jews or Muslims who converted to Christianity under duress/incentives in Iberia)
Conversos Converts (Jews or Muslims who converted to Christianity under duress/incentives in Iberia)
Cranmer, Thomas (1489–1556) Archbishop of Canterbury who authored the 1549 Anglican Book of Common Prayer, standardizing English vows.
De Deo On God (the title of the first part of Spinoza's Ethics)
De Deo On God (the title of the first part of Spinoza's Ethics)
Edwin Curley -- A modern American scholar and philosophy professor at the University of Michigan, recognized for his translations and analyses of Spinoza's works.
Edwin Curley Philosophy professor at the University of Michigan who specializes in Spinoza.
Edwin Curley Philosophy professor at the University of Michigan who specializes in Spinoza.
Emperor Constantine the Great First Christian Roman emperor; convened Council of Nicaea (325 CE) and founded Constantinople (330 CE).
Emperor Henry IV (1050–1106) Holy Roman Emperor who clashed with Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy.
Euclid -- An ancient Greek mathematician who wrote the Elements. His system of axiomatic proofs served as the geometric model for Spinoza's Ethics.
Euclid Ancient Greek mathematician writing around 300 BC whose geometric proofs served as a template for Spinoza's Ethics.
Euclid Ancient Greek mathematician writing around 300 BC whose geometric proofs served as a template for Spinoza's Ethics.
Ferdinand and Isabella -- The Christian monarchs of Spain who completed the Reconquista in 1492 and issued the decree expelling all Jews and Muslims from their territories.
Ferdinand King of Aragon who, with Isabella, conquered Granada in 1492 and forced religious conversions or expulsion.
Ferdinand King of Aragon who, with Isabella, conquered Granada in 1492 and forced religious conversions or expulsion.
Franciscus van den Enden -- A former Jesuit priest and free-thinking teacher who taught Latin to Spinoza and advocated for radical democratic egalitarian societies in the New World.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz -- A rationalist philosopher and mathematician who co-invented calculus. He proposed that the universe is the "best of all possible worlds" governed by a transcendent, good God.
Gratian (12th Century) Bolognese jurist and father of canon law whose Decretum harmonized church marriage canons.
Hamer, John Historian, theologian, and pastor of Toronto Centre Place; presenter of the lecture.
Helmut Koester (1926–2016) Harvard scholar who championed the early independent trajectory of sayings traditions in Thomas and Q.
Henry VIII of England (1491–1547) English monarch whose demand for a papal annulment from Catherine of Aragon sparked the English Reformation.
Heraclitus -- An ancient pre-Socratic philosopher who claimed that everything in the universe is in a constant state of flux ("you can never step in the same river twice").
Innocent III (Pope, 1161–1216) Medieval Pope who presided over the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), introducing marriage banns and reforming consanguinity.
Isabella Queen of Castile who, with Ferdinand, ordered the expulsion or conversion of Jews and Muslims in 1492.
Isabella Queen of Castile who, with Ferdinand, ordered the expulsion or conversion of Jews and Muslims in 1492.
John Hamer Historian, cartographer, theologian, and pastor of Toronto Centre Place.
John Hamer Historian, cartographer, theologian, and pastor of Toronto Centre Place.
John Locke -- A prominent English empiricist philosopher who opposed rationalism, arguing that all human knowledge is derived from sensory experience.
John Locke (Locke) Early modern English empiricist philosopher who argued knowledge is gained through observation of the sensible world.
John Locke (Locke) Early modern English empiricist philosopher who argued knowledge is gained through observation of the sensible world.
John S. Kloppenborg Professor of Religion at the University of Toronto; world's foremost authority on Q stratigraphy and author of Excavating Q.
Leandro Palacios Producer, technical coordinator, and chat moderator at Toronto Centre Place.
Leandro Palacios Producer, technical coordinator, and chat moderator at Toronto Centre Place.
Leif E. Vaage Professor of New Testament at Emmanuel College, Toronto; author of Galilean Upstarts.
Lord Hardwicke (Philip Yorke, 1690–1764) Lord Chancellor of Great Britain who drafted the 1753 Marriage Act requiring formal church weddings.
Lorenzo Valla (c. 1407–1457) Renaissance humanist and philologist who proved the Donation of Constantine was a medieval forgery.
Luther, Martin (1483–1546) Protestant Reformer who rejected the sacramental status of marriage, married Katharina von Bora, and advocated secular marriage law.
Mark Goodacre New Testament scholar at Duke University; leading modern critic of Q who defends the Farrer Hypothesis.
Martin Luther -- A German monk and theologian whose posting of his Ninety-Five Theses initiated the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
Martin Luther Protestant Reformer mentioned in comparison to Uriel da Costa for nailing up theses challenging church traditions.
Martin Luther Protestant Reformer mentioned in comparison to Uriel da Costa for nailing up theses challenging church traditions.
Michael de Spinoza -- The father of Baruch Spinoza. He was a wealthy Sephardic merchant in Amsterdam and served as an officer in the Talmud Torah synagogue.
Michael de Spinoza Baruch Spinoza's father, a wealthy Amsterdam merchant and synagogue officer.
Michael de Spinoza Baruch Spinoza's father, a wealthy Amsterdam merchant and synagogue officer.
Moriscos Little Moors (a pejorative term used for Muslim converts to Christianity)
Moriscos Little Moors (a pejorative term used for Muslim converts to Christianity)
Moses -- A major biblical prophet and lawgiver traditionally credited with writing the Torah, an assumption questioned by early biblical critics like Uriel da Costa.
Moses Biblical figure traditionally credited with writing the Torah.
Moses Biblical figure traditionally credited with writing the Torah.
natura naturans Nature naturing (the active principle or self-generating aspect of God/Nature)
natura naturans Nature naturing (the active principle or self-generating aspect of God/Nature)
Palacios, Leandro Theologian and broadcaster at Toronto Centre Place; producer and chat moderator for the lecture.
Parmenides of Elea (Parmenides) Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (6th and 5th centuries BC) who argued that all reality is one and unchanging.
Parmenides of Elea (Parmenides) Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (6th and 5th centuries BC) who argued that all reality is one and unchanging.
Pepin the Short (c. 714–768) King of the Franks whose military defeat of the Lombards granted central Italian lands to the papacy.
Peter Lombard (c. 1096–1160) Parisian scholastic theologian whose Sentences systematized the Seven Sacraments, including Holy Matrimony.
Philip II of Spain Habsburg monarch who ruled Spain and the Netherlands, whose reign sparked the Dutch Revolt.
Philip II of Spain Habsburg monarch who ruled Spain and the Netherlands, whose reign sparked the Dutch Revolt.
Pope Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger, 1927–2022) 265th Pope of the Catholic Church whose 2013 resignation broke a 598-year precedent.
Pope Boniface VIII (r. 1294–1303) Issued Unam Sanctam; clashed with Philip IV of France, suffering the Outrage of Anagni.
Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio) Reigning 266th Pope elected in 2013; first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff.
Pope Gregory I ("the Great", r. 590–604) Monastic pope who consolidated civic administration in Rome and dispatched the mission to Anglo-Saxon England.
Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand, r. 1073–1085) Champion of Gregorian Reform and author of Dictatus Papae, triumphing over Henry IV at Canossa.
Pope Gregory XII (r. 1406–1415) Roman line pope who resigned during the Council of Constance to resolve the Western Schism.
Pope Innocent III (r. 1198–1216) Zenith of papal political hegemony; asserted universal feudal suzerainty and convened the Fourth Lateran Council.
Pope Leo I ("the Great", r. 440–461) Formulated papal Petrine primacy and defended Rome against Attila the Hun and Vandals.
Pope Stephen II (r. 752–757) Allied with Frankish King Pepin the Short, securing the Donation of Pepin and creating the Papal States.
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg (1819–1861) Consort to Queen Victoria; their 1840 royal wedding established modern white bridal fashion.
Prince Charles (King Charles III) British monarch whose 1981 televised wedding to Lady Diana Spencer highlighted fairy-tale marital ideals.
Princess Diana (1961–1997) Princess of Wales whose 1981 royal wedding was watched globally as the quintessential fairy-tale ceremony.
Queen Victoria (1819–1901) British monarch whose 1840 wedding popularized the white bridal gown and Victorian domestic ideals.
Saint Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE) Latin Church Father who proposed the traditional order of gospels (Matthew first, Mark summarizing Matthew).
Saint Peter the Apostle Galilean fisherman and disciple; traditionally regarded as first Bishop of Rome and martyr under Nero.
Sir William Blackstone (1723–1780) English jurist whose Commentaries articulated the common law doctrine of coverture.
Thomas Aquinas Medieval Catholic theologian and philosopher whose definitions of God contrast with anthropomorphic portrayals.
Thomas Aquinas Medieval Catholic theologian and philosopher whose definitions of God contrast with anthropomorphic portrayals.
William of Orange Leader of the Dutch Revolt who established Leiden University in 1575.
William of Orange Leader of the Dutch Revolt who established Leiden University in 1575.

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