Shared Powers

Parents

Borrow money – Take loans on behalf of the U.S.
Call up and organize the National Guard
Call up the militia – Use state militias for national defense.
Coin money & regulate value – Make money and decide its value.
Create lower federal courts – Under the Supreme Court.
Declare war – Approve war declarations.
Govern the District of Columbia – Manage the federal capital.
Maintain a navy – Build and fund naval forces.
Make all laws necessary and proper – Known as the “Elastic Clause,” allows flexibility.
Naturalization & bankruptcy laws – Decide how immigrants become citizens and set rules for bankruptcy.
Post offices & roads – Create and maintain mail systems and routes.
Promote science & arts – Grant copyrights and patents.
Punish counterfeiters – Protect against fake money.
Raise and support armies – Fund and organize the military.
Regulate armed forces – Rules for discipline, organization, and behavior.
Regulate commerce – Control trade with foreign nations, among states, and with Native American tribes.