TOC

Chapter 1 The National Airspace System 1-1

Introduction 1-1

Airspace Classification 1-2

Special Use Airspace 1-2

Federal Airways 1-4

Other Routing 1-5

IFR En Route Charts 1-6

New Technologies 1-10

Terminal Procedures Publications 1-12

Instrument Approach Procedure Charts 1-12

Chapter 2 The Air Traffic Control System 2-1

Introduction 2-1

Communication Equipment 2-2

Radar and Transponders 2-3

Communication Procedures 2-4

Communication Facilities 2-4

Control Sequence 2-13

Letters of Agreement (LOA) 2-14

Chapter 3 Human Factors 3-1

Introduction 3-1

Sensory Systems for Orientation 3-2

Illusions Leading to Spatial Disorientation 3-5

Postural Considerations 3-7

Demonstration of Spatial Disorientation 3-7

How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions 3-9

Chapter 4 Aerodynamic Factors 4-1

Introduction 4-1

The Wing 4-2

Review of Basic Aerodynamics 4-2

Atmosphere 4-4

Lift 4-6

Drag Curves 4-6

Speed Stability 4-8

Trim 4-8

Slow-Speed Flight 4-8

Climbs 4-10

Turns 4-10

Summary 4-17

Chapter 5 Flight Instruments 5-1

Introduction 5-1

Pitot/Static Systems 5-2

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 5-8

Dynamic Pressure Type Instruments 5-8

Magnetism 5-10

Gyroscopic Systems 5-16

Gyroscopic Instruments 5-19

Flight Support Systems 5-22

Analog Pictorial Displays 5-23

Flight Management Systems (FMS) 5-26

Electronic Flight Instrument Systems 5-27

Primary Flight Display (PFD) 5-27

Advanced Technology Systems 5-28

Safety Systems 5-29

Required Navigation Instrument System Inspection 5-36

Chapter 6 Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying 6-1

Section I Using Analog Instrumentation 6-1

Section II Using an Electronic Flight Display 6-15

Chapter 7 Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers 7-1

Section I Using Analog Instrumentation 7-1

Section II Using an Electronic Flight Display 7-33

Chapter 8 Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying 8-1

Introduction 8-1

Flight Instruments 8-2

Instrument Flight 8-2

Straight-and-Level Flight 8-3

Turns 8-13

Unusual Attitudes 8-16

Emergencies 8-16

Instrument Takeoff 8-17

Changing Technology 8-18

Chapter 9 Navigation Systems 9-1

Introduction 9-1

Basic Radio Principles 9-2

Traditional Navigation Systems 9-3

Advanced Technologies (GNSS/GPS/INS) 9-24

Instrument Approach Systems (ILS/MLS/SDF/LDA) 9-35

Required Navigation Performance 9-44

Flight Management Systems (FMS) 9-44

Head-Up Display (HUD) 9-46

Radar Navigation (Ground-Based) 9-46

Chapter 10 IFR Flight 10-1

Introduction 10-1

Sources of Flight Planning Information 10-2

IFR Flight Plan 10-2

Clearances 10-3

Departure Procedures (DPs) 10-5

En Route Procedures 10-7

Holding Procedures 10-10

Approaches 10-13

Instrument Weather Flying 10-22

Conducting an IFR Flight (Example) 10-26

Chapter 11 Emergency Operations 11-1

Introduction 11-1

Unforecast Adverse Weather 11-2

Aircraft System Malfunctions 11-3

Analog Instrument Failure 11-7

Pneumatic System Failure 11-7

Pitot/Static System Failure 11-8

Communication/Navigation System Malfunction 11-8

GPS Nearest Airport Function 11-9

Situational Awareness 11-11

Appendices Supplemental Materials

Appendix A Clearance Shorthand A-1

Appendix B Instrument Training Lesson Guide B-1

Glossary G-1

Index I-1