2. ATP Synthesis

In the Chemiosmotic Model, Oxidation and Phosphorylation Are Obligately Coupled

ATP Synthase Has Two Functional Domains, Fo and F1

ATP Is Stabilized Relative to ADP on the Surface of F1

The Proton Gradient Drives the Release of ATP from the Enzyme Surface

Each β Subunit of ATP Synthase Can Assume Three Different Conformations

Rotational Catalysis Is Key to the Binding-Change Mechanism for ATP Synthesis

Chemiosmotic Coupling Allows Nonintegral Stoichiometries of O2 Consumption and ATP Synthesis

The Proton-Motive Force Energizes Active Transport

Shuttle Systems Indirectly Convey Cytosolic NADH into Mitochondria for Oxidation