2. Protein Synthesis

The Ribosome Is a Complex Supramolecular Machine

Transfer RNAs Have Characteristic Structural Features

Stage 1: Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Attach the Correct Amino Acids to Their tRNAs

Stage 2: A Specific Amino Acid Initiates Protein Synthesis

BOX 27-2 Natural and Unnatural Expansion of the Genetic Code

Stage 3: Peptide Bonds Are Formed in the Elongation Stage

BOX 27-3 Ribosome Pausing, Arrest, and Rescue

Stage 4: Termination of Polypeptide Synthesis Requires a Special Signal

Stage 5: Newly Synthesized Polypeptide Chains Undergo Folding and Processing

Protein Synthesis Is Inhibited by Many Antibiotics and Toxins