Second Wave Feminism

<p ><b>Second-wave Feminism</b>, also called&nbsp;<b>The Feminist Movement</b>, or the&nbsp;<b>Women's Liberation Movement</b>, is a period of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism" >feminist</a>&nbsp;activity. In the United States it began during the early 1960s and lasted through the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-0" >[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;In&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey" >Turkey</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-1" >[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel" >Israel</a>&nbsp;it began in the 1980s, and it began at other times in other countries.&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-2" >[3]</a></sup>

Whereas&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism" >first-wave feminism</a>&nbsp;focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to gender&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality" >equality</a>&nbsp;(i.e.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States" >voting rights</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rights" title="Property rights" class="mw-redirect" >property rights</a>), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights" >reproductive rights</a>, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-3" >[4]</a></sup>&nbsp;Second-wave Feminism radically changed the face of western culture, leading to marital rape laws, establishment of rape crisis and battered women's shelters, significant changes in custody and divorce law, and widespread integration of women into sports activities and the workplace. It also tried and failed to add the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment" >Equal Rights Amendment</a>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" >United States Constitution</a>.

Many feminists view the second-wave feminist era as ending with the intra-feminism disputes of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_Sex_Wars" title="Feminist Sex Wars" >Feminist Sex Wars</a>&nbsp;over issues such as sexuality and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography" >pornography</a>, which ushered in the era of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism" >third-wave feminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_4-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-Duggan-4" >[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_5-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-Hansen-5" >[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gerhard_6-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-Gerhard-6" >[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leidholdt_7-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-Leidholdt-7" >[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vance_8-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wave_feminism#cite_note-Vance-8" >[9]</a></sup>

<sup id="cite_ref-Vance_8-0" class="reference" >&nbsp;</sup></p>

<h2 >See also</h2>

<ul >

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy" >American philosophy</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism_in_1950s_Britain" title="Feminism in 1950s Britain" >Feminism in 1950s Britain</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_Sex_Wars" title="Feminist Sex Wars" >Feminist Sex Wars</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism" >First-wave feminism</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism" >History of feminism</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaVEM" title="PaVEM" >PaVEM</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-life_feminism" title="Pro-life feminism" >Pro-life feminism</a></li>

<li ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism" >Third-wave feminism</a></li>

</ul>

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