Psychiatry
<p ><b>Psychiatry</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine" >medical</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialty(medicine)" title="Specialty (medicine)" >specialty</a> devoted to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_research" title="Biomedical research" class="mw-redirect" >study</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_mental_disorders" title="Treatment of mental disorders" >treatment</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorders" title="Mental disorders" class="mw-redirect" >mental disorders</a>. These mental disorders include various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affect(psychology)" title="Affect (psychology)" >affective</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviour" title="Behaviour" class="mw-redirect" >behavioural</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition" >cognitive</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception" >perceptual</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior)" title="Abnormality (behavior)" >abnormalities</a>. The term was first coined by the German <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician" title="Physician" >physician</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Reil" title="Johann Christian Reil" >Johann Christian Reil</a> in 1808, and literally means the 'medical treatment of the mind' (<i><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psych" class="extiw" title="wikt:psych" >psych-</a></i>: mind; from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek" >Ancient Greek</a> <i>psykhē</i>: soul; <i><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-iatry" class="extiw" title="wikt:-iatry" >-iatry</a></i>: medical treatment; from Gk. <i>iātrikos</i>: medical, <i>iāsthai</i>: to heal). A medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist" >psychiatrist</a>.
Psychiatric assessment typically starts with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_status_examination" title="Mental status examination" >mental status examination</a> and the compilation of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history" >case history</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_testing" title="Psychological testing" >Psychological tests</a> and physical examinations may be conducted, including on occasion the use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging" >neuroimaging</a> or other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology" >neurophysiological</a> techniques. Mental disorders are diagnosed in accordance with criteria listed in diagnostic manuals such as the widely used <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" >Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a></i> (DSM), published by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association" >American Psychiatric Association</a>, and the<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases" class="mw-redirect" >International Classification of Diseases</a></i> (ICD), edited and used by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization" >World Health Organization</a>. The fifth edition of the DSM (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5" >DSM-5</a>) is scheduled to be published in 2013, and its development is expected to be of significant interest to many medical fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Kupfer_2-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry#cite_note-Kupfer-2" >[3]</a></sup>
Psychiatric treatment applies a variety of modalities, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug" >psychoactive</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug" title="Pharmaceutical drug" >medication</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy" >psychotherapy</a> and a wide range of other techniques such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation" title="Transcranial magnetic stimulation" >transcranial magnetic stimulation</a>. Treatment may be delivered on an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient" title="Inpatient" class="mw-redirect" >inpatient</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpatient" title="Outpatient" class="mw-redirect" >outpatient</a> basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on other aspects of the disorder in question. Research and treatment within psychiatry as a whole are conducted on an interdisciplinary basis, sourcing an array of sub-specialties and theoretical approaches.</p>