Logic

Logic (from the Greek λογική logikē)^[1] is the philosophical study of valid reasoning.^[2]

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 Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, andcomputer science. It examines general forms that arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which arefallacies. In philosophy, the study of logic is applied in most major areas: metaphysics, ontology,epistemology, and ethics. In mathematics, it is the study of valid inferences within some formal language.^[3]Logic is also studied in argumentation theory.^[4]

Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations, including India,^[5] China,^[6] and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal discipline by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic was part of 

the classical trivium, which also included grammar and rhetoric.

Logic is often divided into three parts, inductive reasoning, abductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning.