Phylogenetics
<p >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology" >biology</a>, <b>phylogenetics</b> (<img src="/89d4a028-c0b8-5da2-bf8b-67bd37264cad.png"/> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >faɪlɵdʒɪˈnɛtɪks</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a>) is the study of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution" >evolutionary</a> relation among groups of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism" >organisms</a> (e.g. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species" >species</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population" title="Population" >populations</a>), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices. </p>
<p>
The term <i>phylogenetics</i> derives from the Greek terms <i>phyle</i> (φυλή) and <i>phylon</i> (φῦλον), denoting "tribe" and "race";<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics#cite_note-0" >[1]</a></sup> and the term<i>genetikos</i> (γενετικός), denoting "relative to birth", from <i><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genesis" class="extiw" title="wikt:genesis" >genesis</a></i> (γένεσις) "origin" and "birth".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics#cite_note-1" >[2]</a></sup></p>
<p>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_taxonomy" title="Alpha taxonomy" >Taxonomy</a>, the classification, identification, and naming of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism" >organisms</a>, is richly informed by phylogenetics, but remains methodologically and logically distinct.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics#cite_note-2" >[3]</a></sup> The fields of phylogenetics and taxonomy overlap in the science of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_systematics" title="Phylogenetic systematics" class="mw-redirect" >phylogenetic systematics</a> — one methodology, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladism" title="Cladism" class="mw-redirect" >cladism</a> (also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics" >cladistics</a>) shared derived characters (synapomorphies) used to create ancestor-descendant trees (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladograms" title="Cladograms" class="mw-redirect" >cladograms</a>) and delimit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxa" title="Taxa" class="mw-redirect" >taxa</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clades" title="Clades" class="mw-redirect" >clades</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics#cite_note-3" >[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics#cite_note-4" >[5]</a></sup> In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics" title="Systematics" >biological systematics</a> as a whole, phylogenetic analyses have become essential in researching the evolutionary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(science)" title="Tree of life (science)" class="mw-redirect" >tree of life</a>.</p>