Ginger Storage

<h3 >Medical properties and research</h3>

<p >Preliminary research indicates that nine compounds found in ginger may bind to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT_receptor" title="5-HT receptor" >human serotonin receptors</a>, which may explain ginger's extensive effects on the GI tract and suggesting a mechanism for its effects on anxiety.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-6" >[7]</a></sup>

Ginger has been found to be more effective than placebo in multiple studies for treating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea" >nausea</a> caused by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasickness" title="Seasickness" >seasickness</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_sickness" title="Morning sickness" >morning sickness</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy" >chemotherapy</a><sup id="cite_ref-medind_7-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-medind-7" >[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-8" >[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-9" >[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-10" >[11]</a></sup> though ginger was not found superior to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo" >placebo</a> for pre-emptively treating<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting" title="Postoperative nausea and vomiting" >post-operative</a> nausea. These studies also show superiority of odansetron over ginger in the treatment of chemotherapy related nausea. Ginger is safe for use during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-GloriousGinger_11-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-GloriousGinger-11" >[12]</a></sup> The television program <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythbusters" title="Mythbusters" class="mw-redirect" >Mythbusters</a></i> performed an antidotal experiment using one of their staff who suffered from severe motion sickness. Multiple treatments were administered; ginger as well as over-the-counter motion sickness aids were found to be effective over placebo.

Ginger compounds are active against a form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea" >diarrhea</a> which is the leading cause of infant death in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countries" title="Developing countries" class="mw-redirect" >developing countries</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingerone" title="Zingerone" >Zingerone</a> is likely to be the active constituent against enterotoxigenic <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli" >Escherichia coli</a></i> heat-labile <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterotoxin" title="Enterotoxin" >enterotoxin</a>-induced diarrhea.<sup id="cite_ref-medind_7-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-medind-7" >[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-12" >[13]</a></sup>

Ginger has been claimed to decrease the pain from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis" >arthritis</a>, though studies have been inconsistent. It may also have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant" >blood thinning</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol" >cholesterol</a> lowering properties that may make it useful for treating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease" title="Heart disease" class="mw-redirect" >heart disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UMMC_13-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-UMMC-13" >[14]</a></sup>

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_glycation_end-products" title="Advanced glycation end-products" class="mw-redirect" >Advanced glycation end-products</a> are possibly associated in the development of several pathophysiologies, including diabetic cataract for which ginger was effective in preliminary studies, apparently by acting through antiglycating mechanisms.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-14" >[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ahpg_15-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-ahpg-15" >[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-egdn_16-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-egdn-16" >[17]</a></sup></p>

<h3 >Chemistry</h3>

Ginger section</div>

</div>

<p >The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger is caused by a mixture of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingerone" title="Zingerone" >zingerone</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol" >shogaols</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol" >gingerols</a>, volatile oils that compose one to three percent of the weight of fresh ginger. In laboratory animals, the gingerols increase the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motility" title="Motility" >motility</a>of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract" class="mw-redirect" >gastrointestinal tract</a> and have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic" >analgesic</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative" >sedative</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic" >antipyretic</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterial" title="Antibacterial" >antibacterial</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-17" >[18]</a></sup> Ginger oil has been shown to prevent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_cancer" title="Skin cancer" >skin cancer</a> in mice<sup id="cite_ref-GloriousGinger_11-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-GloriousGinger-11" >[12]</a></sup> and a study at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan" >University of Michigan</a> demonstrated that gingerols can kill <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer" >ovarian cancer</a> cells.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-18" >[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-19" >[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-20" >[21]</a></sup> [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is the major pungent principle of ginger. The chemopreventive potentials of [6]-gingerol present a promising future alternative to expensive and toxic therapeutic agents.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-21" >[22]</a></sup>

Ginger contains up to three percent of a fragrant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil" >essential oil</a> whose main constituents are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesquiterpene" title="Sesquiterpene" >sesquiterpenoids</a>, with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiberene" title="Zingiberene" >(-)-zingiberene</a> as the main component. Smaller amounts of other sesquiterpenoids (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sesquiphellandrene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesquiphellandrene (page does not exist)" >β-sesquiphellandrene</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisabolene" title="Bisabolene" >bisabolene</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesene" title="Farnesene" >farnesene</a>) and a small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoterpenoid" title="Monoterpenoid" class="mw-redirect" >monoterpenoid</a> fraction (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phellandrene" title="Phellandrene" >β-phelladrene</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineol" title="Cineol" class="mw-redirect" >cineol</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citral" title="Citral" >citral</a>) have also been identified.

The pungent taste of ginger is due to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)" >nonvolatile</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpropanoid" title="Phenylpropanoid" >phenylpropanoid</a>-derived compounds, particularly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol" >gingerols</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol" >shogaols</a>, which form from gingerols when ginger is dried or cooked. Zingerone is also produced from gingerols during this process; this compound is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-harold_22-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-harold-22" >[23]</a></sup> Ginger is also a minor chemical irritant, and because of this was used as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse" title="Horse" >horse</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppository" title="Suppository" >suppository</a> by pre-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" >World War I</a> mounted regiments for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feaguing" title="Feaguing" class="mw-redirect" >feaguing</a>.

Ginger has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialagogue" title="Sialagogue" >sialagogue</a> action, stimulating the production of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva" >saliva</a>, which makes swallowing easier.<sup class="Template-Fact" >[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" >citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>

<h3 >Folk medicine</h3>

A packet of ginger powder from the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines" >Philippines</a> used in brewing "<i>salabat</i>".</div>

</div>

<p >The traditional medical form of ginger historically was called <i>Jamaica ginger</i>; it was classified as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant" >stimulant</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carminative" title="Carminative" >carminative</a> and used frequently for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspepsia" title="Dyspepsia" >dyspepsia</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroparesis" title="Gastroparesis" >gastroparesis</a>, slow motility symptoms, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation" >constipation</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colic" title="Colic" >colic</a>. It was also frequently employed to disguise the taste of medicines.<sup id="cite_ref-achi_23-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-achi-23" >[24]</a></sup>

Tea brewed from ginger is a common folk remedy for colds. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale" >Ginger ale</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer" >ginger beer</a> are also drunk as <i>stomach settlers</i> in countries where the beverages are made.</p>

<ul >

<li >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma" title="Burma" >Burma</a>, ginger and a local sweetener made from palm tree juice (<i>htan nyat</i>) are boiled together and taken to prevent the flu.</li>

<li >In China, ginger is included in several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_herbology#Ginger" title="Chinese herbology" >traditional preparations</a>. A drink made with sliced ginger cooked in water with brown sugar or a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cola" title="Cola" >cola</a> is used as a folk medicine for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold" >common cold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-24" >[25]</a></sup>"Ginger eggs" (scrambled eggs with finely diced ginger root) is a common home remedy for coughing.<sup class="Template-Fact" >[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" >citation needed</a></i>]</sup> The Chinese also make a kind of dried ginger candy that is fermented in plum juice and sugared, which is also commonly consumed to suppress coughing. Ginger has also been historically used to treat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation" >inflammation</a>, which several scientific studies support, though one arthritis trial showed ginger to be no better than a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo" >placebo</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen" >ibuprofen</a> for treatment of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis" >osteoarthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UMMC_13-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-UMMC-13" >[14]</a></sup></li>

<li >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo" >Congo</a>, ginger is crushed and mixed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango" >mango</a> tree sap to make <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangawisi_juice" title="Tangawisi juice" class="mw-redirect" >tangawisi juice</a>, which is considered a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panacea_(medicine)" title="Panacea (medicine)" >panacea</a>.</li>

<li >In India, ginger is applied as a paste to the temples to relieve headache, and consumed when suffering from the common cold. Ginger with lemon and black salt is also used for nausea.</li>

<li >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia" >Indonesia</a>, ginger (<i>jahe</i> in Indonesian) is used as a herbal preparation to reduce fatigue, reducing "winds" in the blood, prevent and cure rheumatism and control poor dietary habits.</li>

<li >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal" >Nepal</a>, ginger is called <i>aduwa</i>, अदुवा and is widely grown and used throughout the country as a spice for vegetables, used medically to treat cold and also sometimes used to flavor tea.</li>

<li >In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines" >Philippines</a>, ginger is known as <i>luya</i> and is used as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_lozenge" title="Throat lozenge" >throat lozenge</a> in traditional medicine to relieve sore throat. It is also brewed into a tea known as <i>salabat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hardon_25-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-hardon-25" >[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-co_26-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-co-26" >[27]</a></sup></li>

<li >In the United States, ginger is used to prevent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness" >motion</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_sickness" title="Morning sickness" >morning sickness</a>. It is recognized as safe by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration" >Food and Drug Administration</a> and is sold as an unregulated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement" >dietary supplement</a>. Ginger water was also used to avoid <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_cramp" title="Heat cramp" class="mw-redirect" >heat cramps</a> in the United States.</li>

<li >In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru" >Peru</a>, ginger is sliced in hot water as an infusion for stomach aches as <i>infusión de Kión</i>.</li>

</ul>

<p> 

 </p>