Flavors,headspace Techniques
<p><b>Headspace technology</b> is a technique developed in the 1980s to elucidate the odor compounds present in the air surrounding various objects. Usually the objects of interest are odoriferous objects such as plants, flowers and foods. Similar techniques are also used to analyze the interesting scents of locations and environments such as tea shops and saw mills. After the data is analyzed, the scents can then be recreated by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumer" title="Perfumer">perfumer</a>.</p>
<p>
One of the early pioneers of this technology includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Kaiser" title="Roman Kaiser">Roman Kaiser</a> who used it to measure and characterize the scents of tropical rainforest. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_technology#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Headspace techniques has since been used extensively to sample <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> floral headspace of a large variety of numerous taxa and their aromatic compounds such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acid</a> derivatives (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">aldehydes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohols</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">ketones</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzenoid" title="Benzenoid" class="mw-redirect">benzenoids</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenoids" title="Isoprenoids" class="mw-redirect">isoprenoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_technology#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<h2>Equipment</h2>
<p>The headspace equipment involves a hollow dome or sphere like objects which forms an airtight seal and surrounds the objects of interest. Inert gases are passed into the space containing the object or a vacuum is established such that the odor compounds are removed from the headspace.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenner_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_technology#cite_note-Jenner-3">[3]</a></sup> These compounds are in turn captured using a variety of techniques among them cold surfaces, solvent traps, and adsorbent materials, with the latter techniques capable of longer periods of collection. The samples can then be analyzed using techniques such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>, or Carbon-13 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">NMR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clery_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_technology#cite_note-Clery-4">[4]</a></sup>
Several companies have patented similar headspace technologies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Aromascope (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation" title="Takasago International Corporation">Takasago</a>)</li>
<li>Jungle Essence (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mane_SA" title="Mane SA">Mane</a>)</li>
<li>NaturePrint (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmenich" title="Firmenich">Firmenich</a>)</li>
<li>ScentTrek (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givaudan" title="Givaudan">Givaudan</a>)</li>
</ul>
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