Fluorouracil

Fluorouracil, also known as 5-FU, is a chemotherapy agent used to treat skin cancer and certain types of skin conditions that could become cancer[1]. It is a topical cream or solution that works by destroying cancer cells[1]. The medication is applied directly to the skin, and it is important to follow the instructions on the label and consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist if there are any questions[1].

Fluorouracil is used to treat pre-cancerous and cancerous skin growths, and it belongs to a class of medications known as anti-metabolites[2]. It works by blocking the growth of abnormal cells that cause the skin condition[2]. The medication is applied to the skin after cleaning and drying the affected area, and it is important to wash hands immediately after application[2]. The treated area may become unsightly during treatment and for several weeks after treatment, and it is recommended not to cover the area with tight dressings or plastic bandages[2].

Fluorouracil has been used systemically for various types of cancer, including anal, breast, colorectal, esophageal, stomach, pancreatic, and skin cancers[3]. It has also been used topically for actinic keratoses, skin cancers, and Bowen's disease, and as eye drops for the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia[3]. The medication is contraindicated in patients who are severely debilitated and in patients with bone marrow suppression due to either radiotherapy or chemotherapy, as well as in pregnant or breastfeeding women[3].

Common side effects of fluorouracil include inflammation of the mouth, loss of appetite, low blood cell counts, hair loss, and inflammation of the skin[3]. When used as a cream, irritation at the site of application usually occurs[3]. Fluorouracil is in the antimetabolite and pyrimidine analog families of medications, and it works by blocking the action of thymidylate synthase and thus stopping the production of DNA[3].

It is important to note that fluorouracil is only for use on the skin, and it should not be applied to the eyes, nose, or mouth[1]. If the medication gets into these areas, it should be rinsed with plenty of water[1]. The medication may cause serious harm (even death) in pets, so it should be kept securely away from pets, and pets should not be allowed to lick the area where the medication was applied[2].

Citations:

[1] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19329-fluorouracil-5-fu-skin-cream-or-solution

[2] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16269/fluorouracil-topical/details

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorouracil

[4] https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/fluorouracil

[5] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/fluorouracil