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Chapter 9 Exercise 9 Using a Solubility Table

Chapter 9 Exercise 9: Using a Solubility Table

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Introduction

This video explains how to predict the solubility of ionic compounds in water using a solubility table. The presenter covers the basic principles of solubility, the role of ionic bonds and water's polarity, and demonstrates how to use the solubility table to determine if a compound is soluble or insoluble.

Main Points
  1. Ionic Compounds and Solubility

- Ionic Bonds: Ionic compounds are made of metals and nonmetals with opposite charges that attract each other.

- Water's Polarity: Water is polar, with slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogen atoms, which can attract ions in ionic compounds.

  1. Dissociation in Water

- Competition: When ionic compounds are placed in water, the ions compete with water molecules for attraction.

- Solubility Outcome: Whether a compound dissolves depends on whether the attraction between water molecules and the ions is stronger than the attraction between the ions themselves.

  1. Using a Solubility Table

- Summary of Experiments: Solubility tables summarize experimental results showing which compounds are soluble or insoluble.

- Reading the Table: Compounds in the left column are generally soluble unless paired with elements in the right column.

  1. Example Analysis

- Lithium Chloride (LiCl):

     - **Table Check:** Lithium compounds are soluble with no exceptions.
     - **Result:** Soluble.

- Silver Chloride (AgCl):

     - **Table Check:** Chlorine compounds are soluble unless paired with silver, lead, or mercury.
     - **Result:** Insoluble.

- Barium Carbonate (BaCO₃):

     - **Table Check:** Carbonate compounds are not listed as soluble; barium compounds are insoluble except with sulfate.
     - **Result:** Insoluble.

- Potassium Oxide (K₂O):

     - **Table Check:** Potassium compounds are soluble with no exceptions.
     - **Result:** Soluble.

- Iron(III) Nitrate (Fe(NO₃)₃):

     - **Table Check:** Nitrate compounds are soluble with no exceptions.
     - **Result:** Soluble.
Conclusion

The solubility table is a valuable tool for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water without needing to conduct experiments. By understanding the principles of ionic bonds, water polarity, and using the table effectively, one can determine whether a compound will dissolve in water.

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