Cyhalothrin

Cyhalothrin is an organic compound used as a pesticide, specifically a pyrethroid, a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin[1]. It is used to control insects and spider mites in various crops, including cotton, cereals, potatoes, and vegetables[1].

Human Safety

Cyhalothrin is a restricted use pesticide, and its use is regulated by federal law in the USA. It can be absorbed into the body through inhalation of dust or mist and by ingestion, causing serious eye irritation and symptoms such as burning sensation, convulsions, cough, labored breathing, and shortness of breath[1]. Skin exposure can result in a sensation described as tingling, itching, burning, or prickly feeling[1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have determined an acceptable daily intake of 0-0.02 mg/kg bodyweight per day for λ-cyhalothrin[1].

Formulations

λ-cyhalothrin is made available to end-users only in formulated products, which aid its use in water-based sprays by creating an emulsion when diluted[1]. Modern products use non-powdery formulations with reduced or no use of hazardous solvents[1].

Structure and Stereochemistry

Gamma-cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin are the active ingredients in commercial products based on cyhalothrin[1]. Both are cyanohydrin esters of cis-3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid[1]. The active isomer of deltamethrin, (1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, has the same stereochemistry[1].

Brands

A comprehensive list of brand names for products containing λ-cyhalothrin and γ-cyhalothrin is not available, but some examples include Karate, Kung-fu, Warrior, Cyzmic CS, Demand CS, and Foliam[1]. In the United States, Ortho "Home Defense" (for indoor use), Spectracide Bug Stop, Triazicide, and Hot Shot are used in the home landscape and garden markets[1].

References

[1] Cyhalothrin - Wikipedia

[2] Cyhalothrin | C23H19ClF3NO3 | CID 5281873 - PubChem

[3] Cyhalothrin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

[4] Cyhalothrin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

[5] The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated ...

Citations:

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyhalothrin

[2] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cyhalothrin

[3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cyhalothrin

[4] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cyhalothrin

[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068899/