Instruments and Equipment

Altimeters and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Airspeed indicators and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Vertical speed indicators and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Angle of attack indicators and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Rate of climb indicators and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Gyroscopic instruments and their role in encounter-controlled rate

Rotational spectrometers

Microwave sources and detectors

Infrared and Raman spectrometers