1b) Stress Response System

<p>From:&nbsp;<a id="null" class="null" href="http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/jpet/early/2018/08/03/jpet.118.250845.full.pdf">http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/jpet/early/2018/08/03/jpet.118.250845.full.pdf</a></p>

<p>Hypothalamic mast cells are stimulated by stress-associated triggers such as CRH, HK-1 and SP along with mtDNA and IL-33, some derived from nasal cavity, while others may reach the area through a disrupted blood-brain barrier or through lymphatics. Stimulated mast cells then secrete molecules such as CXCL8, NT, TNF, tryptase and mtDNA, (CXCL) which activate microglia to secrete more inflammatory molecules especially, IL-1&beta;, IL-6, and CXCL8 that further disrupt homeostasis, causes mitochondrial dysfunction and contribute to symptoms of ME/CFS. Luteolin could inhibit these processes at different steps.</p>