Mass Observation
In Britain, an interdisciplinary study called Mass-Observation was used by the Ministry of Information to evaluate the effectiveness of war propaganda and other influences on public behavior.[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Camelot#cite_ref-6
https://books.google.ie/books?id=5PF5CwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover
One of the main objectives of MO, therefore, was to document spontaneous opinion by eavesdropping on people whose unguarded remarks were recorded by investigators as ‘overheards.’ The findings, as interpreted by Harrisson, owed more to intuitive genius than scientific method, but most historians view his judgments as potential insights of exceptional interest and value.
Mass Observation
Founded in 1937, by anthropologist Tom Harrisson, writer Charles Madge and filmmaker Humphrey Jennings, the Mass Observation organisation would work on a range of social research projects, including East end Anti-Semitism and the West Fulham by-election 1938. Harrison and Madge favoured different methods of data collection. Harrison preferred a top-down approach, where behaviour of a group or class of people would be observed, whereas Madge used a top down approach, asking individuals for responses and using surveys to provide qualitative data. After some initial hesitation, the government's Ministry of Information would work with Mass Observation during WW2 to report on public morale and the effects of the war. Madge would leave the group in 1940, citing the government commissions as one of his reasons, believing that it changing from a majority government funded organisation, to facilitating government manipulation of public opinion. After the war, many of the Mass Observation workers would go on to join the newly established Government Social Survey before it merged into a market research company.
NB See OPEN HISTORY SOCIETY