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Reflexion - Representation de representation

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        <i>Reflection</i>
      
      
        . Issues about reflection merge inherently with those about consciousness and reflective 
        consciousness. On the one hand, any issue about the 
      
      
        <i>existence</i>
      
      
         of such reflection is settled by any reflection on the question. On the other hand, a 
        naturalistic model is much more problematic. 
      
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        I will not need and will not assume a full naturalistic model of reflective consciousness 
        in the following discussion (even though such a model will be offered elsewhere: Bickhard, 
        in preparation-a; see also Bickhard, in press-a, in press-b, forthcoming). What I will be 
        making use of is a notion of epistemic reflection: representations of (properties of) 
        representations. 
      
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        This possibility derives readily from the interactive model of representation. Just as a 
        system can interact with its environment and can represent various things about that 
        environment, so also can a second level system interact with and represent things about a 
        first level system. This intuition is developed into a notion of levels of knowing: at 
        level one, the system interactively represents its environment; at level two, it 
        interactively represents (properties of) level one; level three represents (properties of) 
        level two; and so on. Such a hierarchy of levels of knowing is a hierarchy of 
      
      
        <i>possibility</i>
      
      
         -- (levels of) possibilities of things to be known -- not a hierarchy of forced or 
        inherent actual knowing systems. Most epistemic systems, in fact, are restricted to level 
        one, and even human beings seem mostly to be limited to just a few levels (Campbell & 
        Bickhard, 1986). But it is those (few) levels of reflection in human beings that I will be 
        making use of in the discussion of rationality to follow. 
      
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