Two-Dimensional Semantics - Chalmers, 2006.
<p>Two-dimensional approaches to semantics, broadly understood, recognize two“dimensions” of the meaning or content of linguistic items. On these approaches,expressions and their utterances are associated with two different sorts of semanticvalues, which play different explanatory roles. Typically, one semantic value isassociated with reference and ordinary truth-conditions, while the other is associatedwith the way that reference and truth-conditions depend on the external world. Thesecond sort of semantic value is often held to play a distinctive role in analyzingmatters of cognitive significance and/or context-dependence.In this broad sense, even Frege’s theory of sense and reference might qualify as asort of two-dimensional approach. More commonly, two-dimensional approaches areunderstood more narrowly to be a species of possible-worlds semantics, on whicheach dimension is understood in terms of possible worlds and related modal notions<br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-new</body></html>" />
</p>