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modélisation du Concept (cognitivisme)

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        The elements from which propositional thought is constructed, thus providing a means of 
        understanding the world, concepts are used to interpret our current experience by 
        classifying it as being of a particular kind, and hence relating it to prior knowledge. 
        The concept of "concept" is central to many of the cognitive sciences. In cognitive 
        psychology, conceptual or semantic encoding effects occur in a wide range of phenomena in 
        perception, 
      
      
        <u>ATTENTION <duncan.html></u>
      
      
        , language comprehension, and 
      
      
        <u>MEMORY <baddeley.html></u>
      
      
        . Concepts are also fundamental to reasoning in both machine systems and people. In AI, 
        concepts are the symbolic elements from which 
      
      
        <u>KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION <hayesp.html></u>
      
      
         systems are built in order to provide machine-based expertise. Concepts are also often 
        assumed to form the basis for the 
      
      
        <u>MEANING <bach1.html></u>
      
      
         of nouns, verbs and adjectives (see 
      
      
        <u>COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS <vanhoek.html></u>
      
      
         and 
      
      
        <u>SEMANTICS <partee.html></u>
      
      
        ). In behaviorist psychology, a concept is the propensity of an organism to respond 
        differentially to a class of stimuli (for example a pigeon may peck a red key for food, 
        ignoring other colors). In cultural anthropology, concepts play a central role in 
        constituting the individuality of each social group. In comparing philosophy and 
        psychology, it is necessary to distinguish philosophical concepts understood as 
        abstractions, independent of individual minds, and psychological concepts understood as 
        component parts of 
      
      
        <u>MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS <eckardt.html></u>
      
      
         of the world (see 
      
      
        <u>INDIVIDUALISM <wilsonr.html></u>
      
      
        ). 
      
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        <b>See also</b>
      
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        <u>BEHAVIORISM <wasserman.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        <u>CATEGORIZATION <medin.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        <u>INTENTIONALITY <lycan1.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        <u>NATIVISM <keil1.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        <u>NATURAL KINDS <kornblith.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        <b>Additional links</b>
      
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        <u>The Psychology of Folk Psychology 
        <http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/goldman.psyc.html></u>
      
      
         
      
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        -- James A. Hampton 
      
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