REDD UN
see deforeation <div>UN palm oil</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>on Terra Verde radio i heard pgm on how REDD etc not really green, so would help with
<a href="https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2020/019951/forgetting-forest-trees">https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2020/019951/forgetting-forest-trees</a>
Robert Heilmayr
study, published in Nature Sustainability, is the first paper to estimate the climate and ecological effects of subsidies in such schemes
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0547-0#::text=Chile's%20forest%20subsidies%20probably%20decreased,biodiversity%20outcomes%20of%20reforestation%20policies.">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0547-0#::text=Chile's%20forest%20subsidies%20probably%20decreased,biodiversity%20outcomes%20of%20reforestation%20policies.</a><br clear="all" /><div /></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">loe pri npr</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-01-01/saving-planet-depends-saving-its-tropical-forests-can-we-do-it" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-01-01/saving-planet-depends-saving-its-tropical-forests-can-we-do-it</font></a></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Saving the world’s tropical forests was a <a href="http://news.mongabay.com/2015/12/cop21-agreement-prominently-addresses-protection-of-earths-forests/" class="GoogleAnalyticsET-processed" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; transition: all 0.12s ease-in-out 0s;">central element of the climate change agreement</a> that emerged from COP21 in Paris. Delegates from all nations seem to have finally reached consensus on one point: Saving the planet from climate catastrophe is not achievable without also saving the Earth’s tropical forests.</font></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One way of accomplishing this that has been around for a decade is the UN-REDD program.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>As a tool for mitigating climate change, REDD has been called “the ultimate way to have our cake and eat it, too</b>.” Saving tropical forests has the potential to remove or reduce about one-third of the world’s carbon emissions — buying time for the world to transfer away from fossil-fuel based economies, maintaining much of the world’s biodiversity and empowering local indigenous cultures.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Up to now, unfortunately, REDD’s implementation has fallen far short of its goals.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">REDD stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. The UN <a href="http://www.un-redd.org/aboutredd" class="GoogleAnalyticsET-processed" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; transition: all 0.12s ease-in-out 0s;">describes the program</a> this way:</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">“It is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New research shows that the tropics could theoretically save a whopping four to six gigatons of carbon a year if deforestation is halted and the trees are allowed to grow back, according to Richard Houghton of the Woods Hole Research Center.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“[That] is enough to stabilize the concentration of carbon dioxide now and keep it stable as we come off of fossil fuels,” Houghton says.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But to make such sharp carbon cuts, the world would need to end its current business-as-usual practices almost immediately — that is, stop cutting and burning virgin forests, begin to restore them and drastically reduce the logging of plantation trees that are used for pulp and paper, Houghton says.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The <a href="https://unredd.wordpress.com/" class="GoogleAnalyticsET-processed" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; transition: all 0.12s ease-in-out 0s;">main challenge to making REDD work</a> is finding a way to reduce deforestation while at the same time promoting social and economic development, says Mariano Cenamo of the Institute for Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Amazon.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“As we know, the main driver of deforestation in most of these regions comes from the need for economic development — from agriculture, cattle ranching, mining and illegal logging,” Cenamo said. “To substitute another land use for these activities that generate revenue, we need investments, we need funds and we need financial support.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About 20 percent of the world’s tropical forests are in indigenous territories, and many of these lands have changed little in hundreds if not thousands of years. The local communities are now developing and farming, but courts seldom grant indigenous people title to their lands. The REDD discussion has brought some clarity to this issue.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In 2013, the constitutional court of Indonesia ruled that customary land rights must be ceded back to local indigenous communities</b>. “That is a mind-boggling decision,” says Dan Nepstad, a tropical biologist and REDD expert who heads the Earth Innovation Institute in San Francisco. “It has to be implemented, and that’s a big step — but the context for that was the REDD debate.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But, as is so often the case, the human drive for short-term gain — in Indonesia, mostly in the form of <a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/04/palm-oil-fuels-indonesia-deforestation-indigenous-displa-201443145636809366.html" class="GoogleAnalyticsET-processed" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; transition: all 0.12s ease-in-out 0s;">rapidly growing palm oil forests</a> that destroy millions of acres of tropical forest — continues to trump the planet’s need for long-term planning.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“I think there is nothing wrong with REDD, if the implementation puts indigenous peoples' rights as a precondition,” says Abdon Nababan of Indonesia, secretary general of Indigenous Peoples' Alliance of the Archipelago. “We have the same goals with REDD+ — to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. But if they put REDD into the hands of corporations, it will colonize our territory.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Even after the constitutional court’s ruling, ownership of most of Indonesia’s forests is held by corporations that want to dry the nation’s rainforests and <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">peat</span> lands to create plantations for palm oil — and these industries are fiercely opposed to any change in support of indigenous peoples' rights, Nabadan says.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.15rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The agreement at COP 21 showed a new determination to use nature’s own best method of saving the Earth from the worst effects of climate change. But now, as the time for implementation is at hand, it’s still uncertain whether this time around humanity can make the difficult changes needed to do it.</font></p><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/12/palm-oil-products-borneo-africa-environment-impact/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/12/palm-oil-products-borneo-africa-environment-impact/</font></a></div></div></div><div></div>