Taft

===

Gov grandson resigned:

Robert Alphonso "Bob" Taft III (born January 8, 1942) is an Ohio Republican Party politician. He was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" title="List of Governors of Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">67th</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Governor of Ohio</a> between 1999 and 2007. After leaving office, Taft started working for the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dayton" title="University of Dayton" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">University of Dayton</a> beginning August 15, 2007.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CincyPost_UD-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3px; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Personal_background" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1Personal background</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Early_political_career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2Early political career</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Governor_of_Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3Governor of Ohio</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Third_Frontier" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.1Third Frontier</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Governor.27s_Cup_awards" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.2Governor's Cup awards</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Center_for_Stem_Cell_and_Regenerative_Medicine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.3Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Education" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.4Education</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Tort_reform" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.5Tort reform</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Veterans_affairs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.6Veterans affairs</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Highway_construction" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.7Highway construction</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Taxes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.8Taxes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Alternative_energy_and_Energy_Action_Plan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.9Alternative energy and Energy Action Plan</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Great_Lakes_initiatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.10Great Lakes initiatives</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Criticisms" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11Criticisms</a>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Concealed_carry" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11.1Concealed carry</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Spending_and_economy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11.2Spending and economy</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Capital_punishment" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11.3Capital punishment</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#NARAL_v._Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11.4NARAL v. Taft</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Coingate_scandal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.11.5Coingate scandal</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Criminal_conviction" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.12Criminal conviction</a>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Ethics_reform" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.12.1Ethics reform</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Polling" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.12.2Polling</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Ohio_Republican_losses" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.12.3Ohio Republican losses</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Post_Gubernatorial_activities" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4Post Gubernatorial activities</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5Family</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#Notes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">7Notes</a></li>

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<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Personal background<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Personal background" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

He was raised in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>, where he attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Country_Day_School" title="Cincinnati Country Day School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cincinnati Country Day School</a> through the ninth grade and graduated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Taft_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Taft School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">The Taft School</a>. He attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Yale University</a>, where he was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Political_Union" title="Yale Political Union" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Yale Political Union</a>, and graduated with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">B.A.</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government" title="Government" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">government</a> in 1963. From 1963 to 1965, he served as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Peace Corps</a> volunteer, teaching in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tanzania</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He later attended the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Princeton University</a>, receiving an<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">M.A.</a>, again in government, in 1967. In 1976, he received his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Juris Doctor</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati_College_of_Law" title="University of Cincinnati College of Law" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">University of Cincinnati College of Law</a>.

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early political career<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early political career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governor of Ohio<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Governor of Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Third Frontier<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Third Frontier" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governor's Cup awards<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Governor's Cup awards" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Education<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Education" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

Taft signed legislation creating the Ohio Educational Choice Scholarship Pilot Program, which extended choice to students in failing schools, and the Ohio College Opportunity Grant, which extended grants to 11,000 new students.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-odod.state.oh.us-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tort reform<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=8&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Tort reform" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Veterans affairs<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=9&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Veterans affairs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

In 2005, Taft signed legislation creating the Military Injury Relief Fund, which allowed taxpayers to donate a portion of their tax refund to help fund grants for injured veterans.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-21" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[21]</a> He successfully lobbied, along with others, in 2006 to have the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Royal Netherlands Air Force</a> join the Ohio Air National Guard in training missions in Springfield.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-22" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[22]</a> Taft signed numerous other pieces of legislation extending benefits to service members, and in 2006 was honored with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_Association_of_the_United_States" title="National Guard Association of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">National Guard Association of the United States</a>’ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dick_Medal_of_Merit" title="Charles Dick Medal of Merit" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles Dick Medal of Merit</a>, in which the press release stated "Taft fought to ensure that Ohio’s Soldiers, Airmen and their families were cared for in all aspects of their service, and presided over an unprecedented expansion of state benefits for Guardmembers and their families." Ohio's adjuntant general Maj. Gen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_L._Wayt" title="Gregory L. Wayt" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gregory L. Wayt</a> stated about Taft that "he epitomizes what a commander-in-chief of a National Guard should be. During his term he has stood strong with the National Guard."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-23" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[23]</a>

His wife, Hope, started the "On the Ohio Homefront" initiative, which is an online database of businesses and charities that provide discounts and services catered toward veterans.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-24" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Highway construction<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=10&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Highway construction" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Taxes<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=11&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Taxes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Alternative energy and Energy Action Plan<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=12&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Alternative energy and Energy Action Plan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

In early 2006, Taft announced his "Energy Action Plan", which included doubling the use of E85 ethanol in state fleets from 30,000 US gallons (110,000 L) to 60,000, increasing the use of biodiesel in state fleets by 100,000 US gallons (380,000 L) annually, while mandating the purchase of flex-fuel only vehicles for the state fleet, and allocating $3.6 million from the Energy Loan Fund to make state buildings energy efficient. The plan also called for $25 million from the Energy Loan Fund to be set aside over five years for wind turbine producing companies, and to set aside a grant of 1.2 cents per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced by wind energy. Taft called for a pilot program to create jet fuel from coal, moving Ohio's geological information on fossil fuel sources to digital formats, and reaffirming the state's commitment to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FutureGen" title="FutureGen" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">FutureGen</a>, a clean coal initiative.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-33" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[33]</a>

Between 1998-2007, Ohio's "green" industry sector grew at the fourth highest rate in the country, 7.3%.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-34" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[34]</a>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Great Lakes initiatives<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=13&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Great Lakes initiatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Criticisms<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=14&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Criticisms" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Concealed carry<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=15&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Concealed carry" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Spending and economy<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=16&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Spending and economy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Capital punishment<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=17&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Capital punishment" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">NARAL v. Taft<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=18&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: NARAL v. Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Coingate scandal<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=19&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Coingate scandal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

During Taft's governorship, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Bureau_of_Workers%27_Compensation" title="Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation</a> (BWC) invested hundreds of millions of dollars in high risk or unconventional investment vehicles run by Republican Party supporters who had made large campaign contributions to senior Ohio Republican officials. One was a rare coin investment fund run by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Noe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Noe" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tom Noe</a> which attracted particular scrutiny since two coins worth more than $300,000 were reportedly lost. Further investigation revealed that other state-backed coin investments worth $10–$12 million were missing and that only $13 million of the original $50 million invested could be accounted for. Tom Noe was convicted of running a criminal enterprise, stealing $13 million, and of keeping a second set of books to cover it. Governor Taft and Noe took 45 golf trips together, which went unreported, resulting in Taft's criminal conviction (see below) for undisclosed gifts.

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Criminal conviction<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=20&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Criminal conviction" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

In 1999, Taft issued a gubernatorial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">executive order</a> mandating four hours of ethics training for members of his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet(government)" title="Cabinet (government)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">cabinet</a>, assistant cabinet directors, and senior staff every two years.

In 2001, a ruling by the Ohio Ethics Commission made clear that any free rounds of golf paid for by lobbyists which were valued over $75 were to be disclosed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CPDT-47" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[47]</a> Taft stated he was not aware of the opinion until 2005 after news reports surfaced about the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coingate_scandal" title="Coingate scandal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Coingate scandal</a>. In a 2003 questionnaire for a possible appointment to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Turnpike_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Turnpike Commission" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Turnpike Commission</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Noe" title="Thomas Noe" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Thomas Noe</a>, at the center of the Coingate investigation, indicated to Taft he was not doing business with the state, although he had been.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-48" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[48]</a> Taft personally notified the commission of possible disclosure failures, and offered his cooperation in correcting the issues in voluntarily triggering an investigation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CPDT-47" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[47]</a>

On August 17, 2005, Taft was charged with four criminal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanors" class="mw-redirect" title="Misdemeanors" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">misdemeanors</a> stemming from his failure to disclose <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">golf</a> outings paid for by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyists" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lobbyists</a>, as well as some undisclosed gifts. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Associated Press</a> reported the total value of at least 52 undisclosed gifts as about US$5,800, they included:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-49" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[49]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Two undisclosed gifts including golf with coin dealer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Noe" title="Thomas Noe" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Thomas Noe</a>, a Republican fundraiser then under investigation, and later convicted, for his handling of a $50 million investment of state money in rare coins, and diverting $2 million to personal use. Taft claimed of Tom Noe that "“He fooled people from one end of Ohio to the other.”<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CPDT-47" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[47]</a> (See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coingate_scandal" title="Coingate scandal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Coingate scandal</a>.)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Six undisclosed gifts including golf outings with political strategist Curt Steiner and Robert Massie, president of chemical information services giant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">CAS</a>, worth $700. Taft later lobbied the U.S. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Department of Health and Human Services</a> against expanding scientific directories that would compete with CAS.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Undisclosed gifts including dinner and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets" title="Columbus Blue Jackets" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Columbus Blue Jackets</a> hockey tickets from Jerry Jurgeson, chief executive officer of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide Insurance" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nationwide Insurance</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">book and artwork from the consulate general of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">People's Republic of China</a> worth $100</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">a photograph and framed medal from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Supply_Center,_Columbus" title="Defense Supply Center, Columbus" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Defense Supply Center</a> worth $85</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">a portfolio and clothing worth $119 from the Youngstown/Warren Regional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Commerce" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chamber of Commerce</a>.</li>

</ol>

At his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arraignment" title="Arraignment" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">arraignment</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_County,Ohio" title="Franklin County, Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Franklin County</a> Municipal Court in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Columbus</a> on August 18, Taft pleaded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolo_contendere" title="Nolo contendere" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">no contest</a> and was fined $4,000 plus court cost. Judge Mark Froehlich also ordered Taft to apologize to the people of Ohio as well as state employees.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CDT-51" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</a> Taft was quoted after sentencing stating "I offer my sincere and heartfelt apology, and I hope the people will understand that these mistakes, though major and important mistakes, were done unintentionally, and I hope and pray they will accept my apology."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-52" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[52]</a> During the sentencing it was noted that Taft had a 30-year unblemished record as a public official.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CDT-51" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</a>

Further investigation of GOP operative Noe revealed that coins worth $10–$12 million were missing and that only $13 million of the original $50 million invested could be accounted for. Tom Noe was convicted of running a criminal enterprise, the theft of $13 million from the fund, and of keeping a second set of books to cover for it.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-53" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Bureau_of_Workers%27_Compensation" title="Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation</a> (BWC) ultimately invested hundreds of millions of dollars in high risk or unconventional investment vehicles run by people closely connected to the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Republican_Party" title="Ohio Republican Party" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Republican Party</a> who had made large campaign contributions to many senior Republican party officials.

Taft's conviction was grounds under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Constitution" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Constitution</a> for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">impeachment</a> and removal from office by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio General Assembly</a>; however, impeachment proceedings did not occur and Taft remained in office until the end of his second term.

In addition to the criminal sanctions, Taft was issued a public reprimand by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Supreme Court" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Supreme Court</a>on December 27, 2006 for accepting and failing to report gifts and golf outings worth more than $6000.00.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-54" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[54]</a> This reprimand was attached to Taft's license to practice law in Ohio.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-55" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[55]</a>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ethics reform<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=21&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Ethics reform" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Polling<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=22&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Polling" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h4 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ohio Republican losses<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=23&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Ohio Republican losses" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Post Gubernatorial activities<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=24&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Post Gubernatorial activities" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

Taft joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dayton" title="University of Dayton" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">University of Dayton</a> in August 2007 as a distinguished research associate for educational excellence. His job is to help the university launch the Center for Educational Excellence, which encourages students to study science, technology, engineering and math. "We've got to figure out how to get more students in college, and that's a challenge that I really look forward to."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-CincyPost_UD-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> Thomas Lasley II, dean of the School of Education and Allied Professions, stated Taft was the first professional who refused his salary offer for being too high. Lasley was quoted "I think the more people have gotten to know him [Taft] the more they realize he is a very ethical individual".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft#cite_note-61" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[61]</a>

In November 2008, he joined the Board of Directors of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Great_Lakes" title="Alliance for the Great Lakes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alliance for the Great Lakes</a> to help advance Great Lakes education and policy initiatives, such as the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin Water Resources Compact, started during his tenure as Chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Great_Lakes_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Great Lakes Governors" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Council of Great Lakes Governors</a>.

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Family<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Taft&action=edit&section=25&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_family" title="Taft family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft family</a> has been involved in Republican politics for over a century. His patrilineal great-great-grandfather <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alphonso Taft</a> was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Secretary of War</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Attorney General</a>, and an Ambassador; Bob's patrilineal great-grandfather <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft I</a> was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">President</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chief Justice of the United States</a>; patrilineal great-grandmother <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Helen Louise "Nellie" Taft</a> was First Lady; paternal grandfather (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft" title="Robert A. Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert Alphonso Taft, Sr.</a>) and father (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Taft, Jr." style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert Alphonso Taft, Jr.</a>) were both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Senators</a>. First cousin, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_IV" title="William Howard Taft IV" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft IV</a> formerly served as chief legal advisor to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Department of State</a>, before resigning after the reelection of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George W. Bush</a>. Uncle<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_III" title="William Howard Taft III" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft III</a> was an Ambassador. His patrilineal great-granduncle <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Phelps_Taft" title="Charles Phelps Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles Phelps Taft</a>was a U.S. Representative from Ohio and for a time, an owner of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chicago Cubs</a> baseball team. Patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Rawson_Taft" title="Peter Rawson Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Peter Rawson Taft I</a>, was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Vermont</a>legislature. Other prominent relatives include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Taft" title="Seth Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Seth Chase Taft</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Phelps_Taft_II" title="Charles Phelps Taft II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles Phelps Taft II</a>, Peter Rawson Taft II, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Waters_Taft" title="Henry Waters Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Henry Waters Taft</a>, Walbridge Smith Taft, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Dutton_Taft" title="Horace Dutton Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Horace Dutton Taft</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsley_A.Taft" title="Kingsley A. Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Kingsley Arter Taft</a> was a U.S. Senator from Ohio and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Ohio_Supreme_Court" title="Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chief Justice</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Supreme Court" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Supreme Court</a>.

Bob Taft is also related to former President George W. Bush through at least three different marriages, ranging from eighth-cousin-once-removed to 11th-cousin-once-removed, as well as being a ninth cousin of former Vice President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Dick Cheney</a> (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousin_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Cousin chart" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cousin chart</a> to understand these terms).

==

SON

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft_Jr">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft_Jr</a>.

Robert Alphonso Taft Jr. (February 26, 1917 – December 7, 1993) was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_family" title="Taft family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft political family</a> who served as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Congressman</a>from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio</a> between 1963 and 1965, as well as between 1967 and 1971. He also served as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Senator</a> between 1971 and 1976.

Taft attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Yale University</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard Law School</a>. At Yale he was a member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Delta Kappa Epsilon" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Delta Kappa Epsilon</a> fraternity. During <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">World War II</a>, Taft served as an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">officer</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Navy</a> from 1942 to 1946. After law school, Taft joined the Cincinnati law firm, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft,Stettinius,_and_Hollister" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft, Stettinius, and Hollister" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft, Stettinius, and Hollister</a>, which had been founded by his father. Taft served in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio House of Representatives</a> from 1955 to 1962 until winning election to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States House of Representatives</a>. Taft won election to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States House of Representatives</a> in 1962 as an at-large representative from Ohio (at-large seats were barred by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting Rights Act" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Voting Rights Act</a>).

In 1955 he became a compatriot of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sons of the American Revolution</a>.

In 1964, rather than running for re-election to the House, he ran for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Senate</a>, but he lost to<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_M.Young" title="Stephen M. Young" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Stephen M. Young</a>. In 1966, Taft returned to the House of Representatives, unseating Democratic incumbent (and future <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Governor of Ohio</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J.Gilligan" title="John J. Gilligan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John J. Gilligan</a>. In 1968, Taft won re-election, defeating Democrat Carl F. Heiser. Taft then won Young's U.S. Senate seat six years after losing to him when Young did not run for re-election, running against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Metzenbaum" title="Howard Metzenbaum" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Howard Metzenbaum</a>. Taft, however, lost six years later in a rematch against Metzenbaum. He resigned six days before the end of his term to resume the practice of law.

On November 29, 1993, Taft suffered a stroke and fell into a coma. He never woke from the coma and died on December 7, 1993.

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Family<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Taft_Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

===

DAD

Robert Alphonso Taft (September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953) was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">conservative</a> American politician, statesman, and presidential hopeful who served as a<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Senator</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio</a> from 1939 until his death in 1953. A member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_family" title="Taft family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft political family</a>, he was the elder son of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft</a> (the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of Presidents of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">27th</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">President of the United States</a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_the_United_States_by_time_in_office" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of the United States by time in office" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10th</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court</a>).

Taft was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Senate</a>'s main opponent of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Franklin Roosevelt</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New Deal</a> domestic policies.

After the president's death, Taft successfully led the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">conservative coalition</a>'s efforts to curb the power of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">labor unions</a>. Taft was a leading advocate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">non-interventionism</a> in foreign policy. He failed in his quests to win the Republican Party's presidential nomination in 1940, 1948, and 1952. Throughout that period he battled New York Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E.Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (leader of the moderate "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Eastern Establishment</a>") for control of the party. Taft's biographer, James T. Patterson, portrayed Taft as honest, conscientious, courageous, dignified, and highly intelligent but also faulted Taft's competitiveness, lack of public-relations skills, and extreme partisanship.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> A 1957 Senate committee named Taft as one of America's five greatest senators, along with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Henry Clay</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Daniel Webster</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C.Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John C. Calhoun</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M.La_Follette,Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr." style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert M. La Follette, Sr.</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1Family</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Early_public_career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2Early public career</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#US_Senator" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3US Senator</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Opposition_to_New_Deal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.1Opposition to New Deal</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Opposition_to_World_War_II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.2Opposition to World War II</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#1944_re-election" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.31944 re-election</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Condemnation_of_Nuremberg_Trials" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.4Condemnation of Nuremberg Trials</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#1947_Taft.E2.80.93Hartley_Labor_Act" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.51947 Taft–Hartley Labor Act</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Second_term" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.6Second term</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#1950_re-election" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.71950 re-election</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Presidential_ambitions" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4Presidential ambitions</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Distrust_by_Old_Right" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.1Distrust by Old Right</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Senate_Majority_Leader" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5Senate Majority Leader</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Death_and_legacy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6Death and legacy</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Memorial" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.1Memorial</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#In_popular_culture" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">7In popular culture</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Electoral_history" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">8Electoral history</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Footnotes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">9Footnotes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Further_reading" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10Further reading</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#Primary_sources" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10.1Primary sources</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">11External links</a></li>

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<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Family<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Taft was a product of one of America's most prominent political families. He was the grandson of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Attorney General</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Secretary of War</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alphonso Taft</a>, and the son of President and Chief Justice<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Helen Louise "Nellie" Herron</a>. His younger brother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Phelps_Taft_II" title="Charles Phelps Taft II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Charles Phelps Taft II</a>, served as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Mayor</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cincinnati</a> and was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for Ohio Governor in 1952. As a boy he spent four years in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Philippines</a>, where his father was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines" title="Governor-General of the Philippines" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">governor</a>. He was first in his class at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_School" title="Taft School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft School</a> (run by his uncle), at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Yale College</a> (1910), and at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard Law School</a> (1913). He was a member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psi_Upsilon" title="Psi Upsilon" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Psi Upsilon</a>, his father's fraternity<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Skull and Bones</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-nyt280509-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> and edited the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard Law Review</a>. In 1913, Taft scored the highest in the state on the Ohio bar exam. He then practiced for four years with the firm of Maxwell and Ramsey (now Graydon Head & Ritchey LLP) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cincinnati</a>, his family's ancestral city. After a two-year stint in Washington working for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Food and Drug Administration</a>, he returned to Cincinnati and opened his own law office. In 1924 he and his brother, Charles, helped form the law partnership <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft,Stettinius,_and_Hollister" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft, Stettinius, and Hollister" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Taft, Stettinius, and Hollister</a> with which he continued to be associated until his death and continues to carry his name today.

On October 17, 1914, he married Martha Wheaton Bowers (1889–1958),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> daughter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Wheaton_Bowers" title="Lloyd Wheaton Bowers" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lloyd Wheaton Bowers</a> and Louisa Bennett Wilson. Taft himself appeared taciturn and coldly intellectual, characteristics that were offset by his gregarious wife, who served the same role his mother had for his father, as a confidante and powerful asset to her husband's political career. In 1949, Martha suffered a severe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">stroke</a> which left her an invalid; after her stroke, Taft faithfully assisted his wife, even helping to feed and take care of her at public functions, a fact which, his admirers noted, belied his public image as a cold and uncaring person. They had four sons: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_III" title="William Howard Taft III" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft III</a>(1915–1991), who became ambassador to Ireland; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft_Jr." title="Robert Taft Jr." style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert Alphonso Taft Jr.</a> (1917–1993), who was also elected to the U.S. Senate; Lloyd Bowers Taft (1923–1985),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> who worked as an investment banker in Cincinnati,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a> and Horace Dwight Taft (1925–1983), who became a professor of physics and dean at Yale.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> Two of Robert and Martha's grandsons are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Taft" title="Bob Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert Alphonso "Bob" Taft III</a> (born 1942), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Governor of Ohio</a> from 1999 to 2007, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_IV" title="William Howard Taft IV" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Howard Taft IV</a> (born 1945), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a> from 1984 to 1989.

In 1917, Taft and his wife bought a 46-acre (190,000 m2) farm in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Hill,Ohio" title="Indian Hill, Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Indian Hill</a>, a well-to-do suburb of Cincinnati. Called Sky Farm, it would serve as Taft's primary residence for the rest of his life. The Tafts gradually made extensive renovations that turned the small farmhouse into a 1y-room mansion. On the farm Taft enjoyed growing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberries" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">strawberries</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">asparagus</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potatoes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">potatoes</a> for profit. During the summer, Taft often vacationed with his wife and children at the Taft family's summer home at<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Malbaie" title="La Malbaie" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Murray Bay</a>, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Quebec</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Canada</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-9" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a> Although he was nominally a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Episcopal</a> church, his biographer James Patterson noted that Taft's "religious inclinations were weak" and that he was a "Sunday morning golfer, not a church-going Episcopalian."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-10" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a> When reporters asked his wife Martha what church he attended, she jokingly replied, "I'd have to say the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Tree_Club" title="Burning Tree Club" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Burning Tree</a>", an exclusive country club and golf course in suburban Washington.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early public career<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early public career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

Official portrait of Senator Robert A. Taft</div>

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<td style=" padding-top: 0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;">Part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservatism" title="Category:Conservatism" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">a series</a> on</td>

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<div class="NavHead" style=" line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; position: relative; font-size: 12.2892px; text-align: center; background: transparent;">Variants<a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle1" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11.0603px; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[show]</a></div>

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<div class="NavHead" style=" line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; position: relative; font-size: 12.2892px; text-align: center; background: transparent;">Concepts<a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle2" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11.0603px; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[show]</a></div>

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<div class="NavHead" style=" line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; position: relative; font-size: 12.2892px; text-align: center; background: transparent;">People<a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle3" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11.0603px; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[hide]</a></div>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Edmund Burke</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Giambattista Vico</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_M%C3%B6ser" title="Justus Möser" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Justus Möser</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Joseph de Maistre</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Gabriel_Ambroise_de_Bonald" title="Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Louis de Bonald</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Adam Müller</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gentz" title="Friedrich von Gentz" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Friedrich von Gentz</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Novalis</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Karl Ludwig von Haller</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_Alam%C3%A1n" title="Lucas Alamán" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Lucas Alamán</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">François de Chateaubriand</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Antoine de Rivarol</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Klemens von Metternich</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Leopold von Ranke</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Nikolay Karamzin</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">John A. Macdonald</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Juan Donoso Cortés</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jaime Balmes</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Friedrich Julius Stahl</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Aleksey Khomyakov</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kireyevsky" title="Ivan Kireyevsky" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ivan Kireyevsky</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">John C. Calhoun</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin" title="Pyotr Stolypin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Pyotr Stolypin</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Miguel Miramón</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Benjamin Disraeli</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Otto von Bismarck</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_von_Gerlach" title="Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Friedrich Carl von Savigny</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Frederick William IV of Prussia</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Hippolyte Taine</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Francisco Rolão Preto</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Alexis de Tocqueville</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orestes_Brownson" title="Orestes Brownson" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Orestes Brownson</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Veuillot" title="Louis Veuillot" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Louis Veuillot</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Aksakov" title="Ivan Aksakov" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ivan Aksakov</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Frédéric le Play</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin,_Chambly_de_La_Charce" title="François-René de La Tour du Pin, Chambly de La Charce" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">François-René de La Tour du Pin, Chambly de La Charce</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Mella" title="Juan Vázquez de Mella" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Juan Vázquez de Mella</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Nocedal_Romea" title="Ramón Nocedal Romea" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ramón Nocedal Romea</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Sard%C3%A0_y_Salvany" title="Félix Sardà y Salvany" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Félix Sardà y Salvany</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Leo" title="Heinrich Leo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Heinrich Leo</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Konstantin Leontiev</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Danilevsky" title="Nikolay Danilevsky" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Nikolay Danilevsky</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Katkov" title="Mikhail Katkov" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Mikhail Katkov</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Maurice Barrès</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Robert Frost</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_y_Pelayo" title="Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hurrell_Mallock" title="William Hurrell Mallock" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">William Hurrell Mallock</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">John Henry Newman</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Groen_van_Prinsterer" title="Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Blanc_de_Saint-Bonnet" title="Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Alexander III of Russia</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev" title="Konstantin Pobedonostsev" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Konstantin Pobedonostsev</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Kronstadt" title="John of Kronstadt" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">John of Kronstadt</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Tikhomirov" title="Lev Tikhomirov" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Lev Tikhomirov</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Purishkevich" title="Vladimir Purishkevich" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Vladimir Purishkevich</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">George Santayana</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Othmar Spann</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Charles Maurras</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jacques Bainville</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Léon Daudet</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ivan Ilyin</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Julius_Jung" title="Edgar Julius Jung" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Edgar Julius Jung</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Oswald Spengler</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ludovici" title="Anthony Ludovici" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Anthony Ludovici</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Moeller_van_den_Bruck" title="Arthur Moeller van den Bruck" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Arthur Moeller van den Bruck</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" title="Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ernst Jünger</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler" title="Carl Friedrich Goerdeler" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Carl Friedrich Goerdeler</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Massis" title="Henri Massis" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Henri Massis</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;">Robert A. Taft</li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Enoch Powell</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr." style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">William F. Buckley Jr.</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ronald Reagan</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Margaret Thatcher</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Carl Schmitt</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro_de_Maeztu" title="Ramiro de Maeztu" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Ramiro de Maeztu</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenio_Vegas_Latapie" title="Eugenio Vegas Latapie" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Eugenio Vegas Latapie</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Calvo_Sotelo" title="José Calvo Sotelo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">José Calvo Sotelo</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.E.Hulme" title="T. E. Hulme" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">T. E. Hulme</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.S.Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">T. S. Eliot</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Pradera_Larumbe" title="Víctor Pradera Larumbe" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Víctor Pradera Larumbe</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Salvador Abascal</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Eric Voegelin</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Michael Oakeshott</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Antonin Scalia</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.K.Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">G. K. Chesterton</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Hilaire Belloc</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Robert Bork</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.S.Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">C. S. Lewis</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olavo_de_Carvalho" title="Olavo de Carvalho" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Olavo de Carvalho</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_El%C3%ADas_de_Tejada_y_Sp%C3%ADnola" title="Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Richard M. Weaver</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Leo Strauss</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Peter Viereck</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Russell Kirk</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Thomas Molnar</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Dawson" title="Christopher Dawson" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Christopher Dawson</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugeni_d%27Ors" title="Eugeni d'Ors" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Eugeni d'Ors</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_d%27Ors" title="Álvaro d'Ors" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Álvaro d'Ors</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinio_Corr%C3%AAa_de_Oliveira" title="Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Nicolás Gómez Dávila</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Robert Nisbet</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Raspail" title="Jean Raspail" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Jean Raspail</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Roger Scruton</a></li>

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<li style=" margin-bottom: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Politics portal</a></li>

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<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When the United States entered<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">World War I</a> in April, 1917 Taft attempted to join the army but was rejected due to his poor eyesight. Instead, he joined the legal staff of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Food and Drug Administration</a>where he met <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Herbert Hoover</a>, who became his idol. In 1918 and 1919, he was in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Paris</a> as legal adviser for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Relief_Administration" title="American Relief Administration" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">American Relief Administration</a>, Hoover's agency to distribute food to wartorn Europe. He came to distrust governmental bureaucracy as inefficient and detrimental to the rights of the individual, a principle he promoted throughout his career. He strongly urged membership in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">League of Nations</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a> but generally distrusted European politicians. He strongly endorsed the idea of a powerful world court to enforce international law, but no such idealized court ever existed during his lifetime. He returned to Cincinnati in late 1919, promoted Hoover for president in 1920, and opened a law firm with his brother, Charles Taft. In 1920 he was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio House of Representatives</a>, where he served as speaker of the house in 1926. In 1930, he was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ohio Senate</a> but was defeated for re-election in 1932, his the only defeat ever in a general election. He was an outspoken opponent of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ku Klux Klan</a>, and he did not support <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">prohibition</a>. In 1925 he voted against a bill, sponsored by Ohio state representatives who were members of the Ku Klux Klan, to outlaw dancing on Sundays, and he led the fight against a Klan-sponsored bill requiring all Ohio public school teachers to read at least ten verses of the Bible each day in class.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Pattersonpp-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a> In his speech opposing the bill, Taft stated that religion should be taught in churches, not public schools, and while the Bible was great literature, "in it religion overshadows all else." The bill passed the legislature over the opposition of Taft and his allies, but it was later vetoed by Ohio's governor.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Pattersonpp-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a>

Taft's period of service in the Ohio state legislature was most notable for his efforts to reform and modernize the state's antiquated tax laws.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-14" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a>

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Taft was a powerful figure in local and state political and legal circles, and he was known as a loyal Republican who never threatened to bolt the party. He confessed in 1922 that "while I have no difficulty talking, I don't know how to do any of the eloquence business which makes for enthusiasm or applause."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a> A lackluster speaker who did not mix well or glad-hand supporters, Taft was still a tireless worker with a broad range of policy and political interests. His total grasp of the complex details of every issue impressed reporters and politicians. (Democrats joked, "Taft has the best mind in Washington, until he makes it up.")

Taft's loyalty to the conservative politicians who controlled Ohio's Republican Party had a price, as it often caused conflict with his younger brother, Charles, who as a local politician in Cincinnati had gained a reputation as a party <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maverick" class="extiw" title="wikt:maverick" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">maverick</a> and liberal. However, despite their occasional policy disagreements, Charles loyally supported all three of his brother's presidential bids.

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">US Senator<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: US Senator" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Opposition to New Deal<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opposition to New Deal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

During his first term in the Senate, Taft criticized what he believed was the inefficiency and waste of many New Deal programs and of the need to let private enterprise and businesses restore the nation's economy instead of relying upon government programs to end the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Great Depression</a>. He condemned the New Deal as socialist and attacked deficit spending, high farm subsidies, governmental bureaucracy, the National Labor Relations Board, and nationalized health insurance. However, he did not always follow conservative ideology; for instance, after investigating the lack of adequate housing in the nation, he supported <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">public housing</a> programs.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-18" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a> He also supported federal aid to the states to fund public schools.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-19" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[19]</a>

Taft set forward a conservative program that promoted economic growth, individual economic opportunity, adequate social welfare, strong national defense (primarily the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy" title="Navy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Navy</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Air Force</a>), and noninvolvement in European wars. He also strongly opposed the military <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">draft</a> on the principle that it limited freedom of choice. Various historians have described Taft, in terms of political philosophy, as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">libertarian</a>; he opposed nearly all forms of governmental interference in both the national economy and in the private lives of citizens.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-20" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Opposition to World War II<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Opposition to World War II" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">1944 re-election<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1944 re-election" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Condemnation of Nuremberg Trials<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Condemnation of Nuremberg Trials" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

I question whether the hanging of those, who, however despicable, were the leaders of the German people, will ever discourage the making of aggressive war, for no one makes aggressive war unless he expects to win. About this whole judgment there is the spirit of vengeance, and vengeance is seldom justice. The hanging of the eleven men convicted will be a blot on the American record, which we shall long regret.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-24" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a>

</blockquote>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">1947 Taft–Hartley Labor Act<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1947 Taft–Hartley Labor Act" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Second term<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second term" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

In foreign policy, he was non-interventionist and did not see Stalin's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Soviet Union</a> as a major threat. However, he called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lilienthal" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lilienthal" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David Lilienthal</a> "soft on the subject of Communism."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-26" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a> The true danger, he believed, was big government and runaway spending. He supported the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Truman Doctrine</a> and reluctantly approved the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Marshall Plan</a> but opposed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">NATO</a>, as unnecessary and provocative to the Soviets. He took the lead among Republicans in condemning Truman's handling of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Korean War</a>and questioning the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Powers_Clause" title="War Powers Clause" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">constitutionality</a> of the war itself:: "My conclusion, therefore, is that in the case of Korea, where a war was already under way, we had no right to send troops to a nation, with whom we had no treaty, to defend it against attack by another nation, no matter how unprincipled that aggression might be, unless the whole matter was submitted to Congress and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">declaration of war</a> or some other direct authority obtained."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Woods-27" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a>

Taft was a supporter of the new state of Israel, called for an end to the arms embargo to the Middle East, and supported arms shipments and other military aid to the new country.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-28" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">1950 re-election<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1950 re-election" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

Even many union members reportedly voted Republican to express their opposition to local union leaders, to support Taft-Hartley's ban on the closed shop, or to prevent, as one told Lubell, "the Socialists from taking over the Democratic party."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-lubell1956-31" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a>

By the start of his third Senate term, Taft had been given the nickname "Mr. Republican."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Woods-27" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a> He was the chief ideologue and spokesperson for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">conservatism</a> of the Republican Party and the acknowledged national leader of the its conservative faction.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-32" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[32]</a>

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Presidential ambitions<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidential ambitions" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h3 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Distrust by Old Right<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distrust by Old Right" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<div role="note" class="hatnote" style=" font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.4px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Further information: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Old Right (United States)</a></div>

In the 1944 presidential campaign Taft was not a candidate. He supported Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John W. Bricker</a> of Ohio, a fellow conservative, for the nomination. However, Bricker was defeated by Dewey, who had become the Governor of New York in 1943. Dewey named Bricker as his running mate; the ticket would go on to lose to Roosevelt in the general election.

Taft sought to reach out to southern Democratic voters in his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)presidential_primaries,1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1952" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1952</a> campaign. It was his third and final try for the nomination; it also proved to be his strongest effort. At the Republican State Convention in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock,Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Little Rock</a>, he declared:

I believe a Republican could carry a number of southern states if he conducts the right kind of campaign.... Whether we win or lose in the South, we cannot afford to ignore public opinion in the southern states, because it influences national public opinion, and that opinion finally decides the election.... It is said that southern Democrats will not vote for a Republican candidate. They have frequently done so. They did so in Little Rock last November [1951] when they elected <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_Remmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt Remmel" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pratt Remmel</a> mayor. I refuse to admit that if the issues are clearly presented, the southern voters will not vote on the basis of principle....<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-36" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a>

</blockquote>

The fight between Taft and Eisenhower for the nomination was one of the closest and most bitter in American political history. When the Republican Convention opened in Chicago in July 1952, Taft and Eisenhower were neck-and-neck in delegate votes. On the convention's first day, Eisenhower's managers complained that Taft's forces had unfairly denied Eisenhower supporters delegate slots in several Southern states, including Texas, where the state chairman, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Bullington" title="Orville Bullington" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Orville Bullington</a>, was committed to Taft. The Eisenhower partisans proposed to remove pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called their proposal "Fair Play." Although Taft angrily denied having stolen any delegate votes, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658 to 548, and the Texans voted 33–5 for Eisenhower as a result. In addition, several uncommitted state delegations, such as Michigan and Pennsylvania, agreed to support Eisenhower.

The addition of the uncommitted state delegations, combined with Taft's loss of many Southern delegates by the Fair Play proposal, decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor. Despite his bitterness at his narrow defeat and his belief that he had been unfairly ambushed by the Eisenhower forces (including Dewey), Taft issued a brief statement after the convention conveying his congratulations and support to Eisenhower. Thereafter, however, he brooded in silence at his summer home in Quebec, complaining, "Every Republican candidate for President since 1936 has been nominated by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase(bank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase (bank)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chase National Bank</a>."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-39" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[39]</a> As the weeks passed, Eisenhower's aides worried that Taft and his supporters would sit on their hands during the campaign and that as a result Eisenhower might lose the election. In September 1952, Taft finally agreed to meet with Eisenhower, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morningside_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Morningside Heights" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Morningside Heights</a> in New York City. There, to gain Taft's support, Eisenhower promised that he would take no reprisals against Taft partisans, would cut federal spending, and would fight "creeping socialism in every domestic field." In fact, Eisenhower and Taft agreed on most domestic issues; their disagreements were primarily in foreign policy.

Eisenhower firmly believed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">NATO</a> and was committed to the US support of antcommunism in the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cold War</a>.

<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Senate Majority Leader<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Senate Majority Leader" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

On May 26, 1953, Taft delivered his final speech, in which he presciently warned of the dangers of America's emerging <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cold War</a> foreign policy, specifically against US military involvement in Southeast Asia]], which would later become the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Vietnam War</a>:

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<td style=" vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">I have never felt that we should send American soldiers to the Continent of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Asia</a>, which, of course, included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">China</a> proper and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-China" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-China" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Indo-China</a>, simply because we are so outnumbered in fighting a land war on the Continent of Asia that it would bring about complete exhaustion even if we were able to win.... So today, as since 1947 in Europe and 1950 in Asia, we are really trying to arm the world against<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Communist Russia</a>, or at least furnish all the assistance which can be of use to them in opposing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism" title="Communism" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Communism</a>.

Is this policy of uniting the free world against Communism in time of peace going to be a practical long-term policy? I have always been a skeptic on the subject of the military practicability of NATO.... I have always felt that we should not attempt to fight Russia on the ground on the Continent of Europe any more than we should attempt to fight China on the Continent of Asia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft#cite_note-40" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a>

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<h2 style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 1.5em; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Death and legacy<span class="mw-editsection" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Taft&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Death and legacy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In early 1953, Taft began to feel pain in his hips, and after a painful golf outing with President Eisenhower in April 1953 he entered <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Reed Hospital" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Walter Reed Hospital</a> for initial tests which led doctors to suspect a tumor or arthritis. The next month, Taft underwent some more tests at a hospital in Cincinnati. The doctors there discovered that his condition was worse than previously thought. Taft had been stricken with what was later discovered to be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">pancreatic cancer</a>, which had reached<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasis" title="Metastasis" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">metastasis</a> and was now inoperable.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Wead-41" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[41]</a> On June 10, 1953, Taft transferred his duties as Senate Majority Leader to Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F.Knowland" title="William F. Knowland" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William F. Knowland</a> of California. He did not resign his Senate seat and told reporters that he expected to recover and return to work.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-42" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[42]</a> However, his condition rapidly worsened, and Taft returned to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hospital" title="New York Hospital" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York Hospital</a> for surgery on July 4 during a Senate recess. He died on July 31 after a final brain hemorrhage just hours after his wife's final visit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Wead-41" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[41]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-43" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[43]</a> His body lay in state in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunda_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotunda of the United States Capitol" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rotunda of the United States Capitol</a>, where thousands of mourners offered their respects at his coffin.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Patterson.2C_p.612-44" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[44]</a> On August 3, 1953, a memorial service was held in the rotunda; in addition to his family the service was attended by Eisenhower, Vice-President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nixon</a>, the cabinet, members of the Supreme Court, and Taft's congressional colleagues. Following the service his body was flown to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati,Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cincinnati</a>, where he was buried in a private ceremony at Indian Hill Episcopal Church Cemetery.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-Patterson.2C_p.612-44" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[44]</a>

In 1957, a committee led by Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a> selected Taft as one of five great senators whose portraits would adorn the President's Room off the Senate floor. Kennedy would feature him in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Profiles in Courage</a>, and Taft continues to be regarded by historians as one of the most powerful senators of the 20th century.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft#cite_note-45" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[45]</a>

===

RISE AND FALL OF MOD AMERICAN CONSERV

by Farber

taft( skull and bones, estb by gpa) knew mkt tough, so faith would help sustain ppl 2 plus trad and hierarchy (?)

anti-statist (states rights?) was originally intended to protect ability to keep slaves ?  new rich not worried about fed gov so much as majoity taking their power 15  Taft folowed, tho wd deny it. wove property, anti-elite and anglosaxon race 16

CIO pol action comm surpised Taft , came out big for FDR's 4th term. tried to undo FDR under HT eg FEPAct

labor fought back, about 30% unionized, wanted to see GM books. NAM and CoC also fought labor. NAM spent 3 m to support taft bill, full page ads in  287 papers 35  taft hartly stopped 2ndary strikes etc right to work

Taft

Attachments