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<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">data viz mapping&nbsp;</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://graphcommons.com/</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://thedemlabs.org/resources/">https://thedemlabs.org/resources/</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" max-width="max-width" em="em" important="important" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></p><p helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" max-width="max-width" em="em" important="important" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">G<a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string" spellcheck="false" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAApdsVUYjdU4ryTNMMtNMg" style="text-decoration: var(--yt-endpoint-text-decoration, none); display: inline-block; cursor: pointer;">ene Bellinger</a></font></p><div id="top-row" class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 16px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; display: var(--layout-horizontal-display); flex-direction: var(--layout-horizontal-flex-direction);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><ytd-video-owner-renderer class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" style="display: var(--layout-horizontal-display); flex-direction: var(--layout-horizontal-flex-direction); flex: 1 1 1e-09px;"><div id="upload-info" class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;"><div id="owner-container" class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: var(--layout-horizontal-display); flex-direction: var(--layout-horizontal-flex-direction);"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="display: var(--layout-horizontal-display); flex-direction: var(--layout-horizontal-flex-direction); align-items: center;" /></div><span class="date style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" slot="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; line-height: 1.8rem;">Published on May 14, 2019</span></div></ytd-video-owner-renderer></font><div id="sponsor-button" class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div id="analytics-button" class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></div><div id="subscribe-button" class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><ytd-subscribe-button-renderer class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" new-subscribe-color="" style="--yt-formatted-string-deemphasize-color:#FFFFFF; --yt-formatted-string-deemphasize-margin-left:4px; --yt-formatted-string-deemphasize-display: initial; display: var(--layout-horizontal-display); flex-direction: var(--layout-horizontal-flex-direction);">
</ytd-subscribe-button-renderer></font></div></div><ytd-expander collapsed-height="60" class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" style="display: block; margin-left: 64px; line-height: 2.1rem; --ytd-expander-collapsed-height:60px;"><div id="content" class="style-scope ytd-expander" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent;"><div id="description" slot="content" class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; max-width: 615px;"><yt-formatted-string class="content style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" force-default-style="" split-lines="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Essentials of developing<b> causal relationship models in Kumu</b> using the template Gene develop as a starting point.

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<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://sth.sagepub.com/content/40/5/655.short?rss=1&ssource=mfr</font></div>

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<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">mg bizarroworld</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Take this quiz after reading&nbsp;<b>The Creature from Jekyll Island.&nbsp;</b>It will really test your knowledge.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">How collectivists create their own opposition – and how not to be fooled by it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">How collectivists use the Diamond Tactic to sway public meetings – and how to thwart them.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">How collectivists use the Delphi Technique to create group consensus at meetings – and how to thwart them.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">More about the Delphi Technique to manipulate public meetings – and how to combat it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Copenhagen: Agitators disrupt a meeting of critics of the global-warming myth. Lord Monckton says the agitators acted the same as Hitler’s Brown Shirts – and he is correct. Defenders of liberty must learn to counter such tactics. Had pro-freedom activists present been equally organized and prepared for action, free speech could have been restored.</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article125143304.html">http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article125143304.html</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">Albright came to Elon in 2012 to help launch its media analytics major, an unusual focus that allows students to focus on audience analysis, measuring the impact of media messages and using that data to tell stories about how media works.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">He was on a research sabbatical this fall when he began the project that would propel him to the international spotlight.</p><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " mcclatchy="McClatchy" slab="Slab" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" em="em" margin-top="margin-top" px="px" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" font-size="font-size" padding="padding">Propaganda machine<span class="ng-command" data-value="252" style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></h3><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">As the phrase “fake news” worked its way into the public lexicon this fall, Albright was frustrated that the discussion seemed limited to a few inaccurate articles shared widely through social media.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">It was widely believed that these articles, many of which included far-fetched accusations against Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, had swayed the presidential election. But Albright wanted to know more.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">So he scoured a list of acknowledged fake news websites to see how their articles spread through the web. The result, a map of what Albright calls the “fake news ecosystem,” was enlightening.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Starting with a list of about 300 fake news sites, he mapped which sites were linking to them. What emerged was a network of millions of sites that regularly linked to one another, sharing information at a rate that made them rise to the top of search engines and lists of trending topics on social media.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It shows the information resources they’re using to promote a certain type of view,” he says. “It’s so large and complex, you can’t put it into a table or a list. Things started to fall into place when I looked at it as an ecosystem.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">His picture included large dots and blue or red, denoting whether they catered to Democratic or Republican audiences; the larger dots had the largest audiences. White dots denoted neutral sites, including many large media and government sources.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The red network was far stronger, and bled into the more neutral networks, he found, while the blue dots tended to be more isolated.</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In addition, he found that some sites were tracking individuals, following their “likes” on Facebook and other cues and feeding them targeted content based on those preferences.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“This is a propaganda machine,” he says. “It’s targeting them individually to recruit them to an idea.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">While his research shows the system seemed to benefit conservative media groups during last year’s election, Albright says such methods will likely become more widespread.</span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">He envisions several areas of future research, such as how automated social media accounts are amplifying certain voices and how search engines are distorted by automated promotion of fake news content.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">He’s particularly interested in pinpointing instances where this kind of proliferation changes public sentiment. In some cases, he says, data on search preferences and popular topics is likely compromised by this kind of automated promotion.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">“A lot of this data is distorted because there are millions of accounts that are like drones and republish information,” he says.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">The lessons he draws from his research on fake news is not that there should be restrictions on what should be published where. He disagrees with suggestions that search engines and others should step in to limit the content that is available.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">Instead, he says, consumers of information need to consider more carefully where each Facebook post, tweet or article originates – and how that’s affecting their views of the world.</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Lyon, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;">“People should develop the skills they need to understand what’s real and fake,” he says. “They also need to consider looking at the other side or find sources of news that at least permit an alternative point of view. A lot of people are definitely getting a very specific or limited angle on news events.</p><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; width: 1px; height: 1px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; overflow: hidden;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Read more here: http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article125143304.html#storylink=cpy</div><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div>

<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/the-election2016-micro-propaganda-machine-383449cc1fba">https://medium.com/@d1gi/the-election2016-micro-propaganda-machine-383449cc1fba</a>

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<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span guardian="guardian" text="text" egyptian="egyptian" font-size="font-size:">Jonathan Albright, a professor of communications at Elon University, North Carolina, who had&nbsp;</span><a href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/left-right-the-combined-post-election2016-news-ecosystem-42fc358fbc96#.q1t8qjuet" title="" data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline" guardian="guardian" text="text" egyptian="egyptian" font-size="font-size:" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line:" none="none" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; touch-action: manipulation; cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">mapped the news ecosystem</a><span guardian="guardian" text="text" egyptian="egyptian" font-size="font-size:">&nbsp;and found millions of links between rightwing sites “strangling” the mainstream media, told me that trackers from sites like Breitbart could also be used by companies like Cambridge Analytica to follow people around the web and then, via Facebook, target them with ads.</span></font></div>

<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span guardian="guardian" text="text" egyptian="egyptian" font-size="font-size:"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">

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<div style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://medium.com/@d1gi/left-right-the-combined-post-election2016-news-ecosystem-42fc358fbc96</font></div>

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<div style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://medium.com/@d1gi/the-election2016-micro-propaganda-machine-383449cc1fba</font></div><div style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><h4 name="e739" id="e739" class="graf graf--h4 graf-after--figure" style="letter-spacing: -0.018em; margin: 39px 0px 0px -1.5px; --baseline-multiplier:0.157; line-height: 1.22; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="markup--strong markup--h4-strong" style="font-weight: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Real Sources / Fake&nbsp;News</font></span></h4><p name="5289" id="5289" class="graf graf--p graf-after--h4" style="margin: 6px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After finding evidence that much of the “fake” and hyper-biased news traffic during <span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">#Election2016</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/why-banning-fake-news-sites-from-ad-networks-wont-work-3995da452e70#.r7dcfz24a" data-href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/why-banning-fake-news-sites-from-ad-networks-wont-work-3995da452e70#.r7dcfz24a" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" target="blank" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.439216); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 2px 0.1em; background-position: 0px 1.07em;">was arriving through&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">direct</em>&nbsp;hyperlinks,&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">search</em>engines, and “old school” sharing tactics</a>&nbsp;such as email newsletters, RSS, and instant messaging, I thought I would do a small “big data” project.</font></p><p name="3f15" id="3f15" class="graf graf--p graf-after--p" style="margin: 29px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I wrote this piece because I feel the argument about Facebook’s role in influencing the outcome of the U.S. election doesn’t address the&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">real</em>&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">problem</em>: the&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">sources&nbsp;</span>of the fake/misleading/hyper-biased information. Sure, Google’s ad network and Facebook’s News Feed/“Related Stories” algorithms amplify the emotional spread of misinformation, and social media naturally turn up the volume of political outrage. At the same time, I think journalists, researchers and data geeks should first look into the factors that are actually 1)&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">producing the content</span>&nbsp;and 2)&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">driving the online traffic</span>.</font></p><p name="d8a8" id="d8a8" class="graf graf--p graf-after--p" style="margin: 29px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rather than analyze “known unknowns” with incomplete metrics and&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">partial</em>&nbsp;analytics (i.e., measuring&nbsp;<a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.lj0paEdkz#.kbz4dRWOo" data-href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.lj0paEdkz#.kbz4dRWOo" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener" target="blank" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.439216); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 2px 0.1em; background-position: 0px 1.07em;">the famously opaque Facebook engagement</a>metrics), this analysis looks&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">directly at the source.</span></font></p><h4 name="66e5" id="66e5" class="graf graf--h4 graf-after--p" style="letter-spacing: -0.018em; margin: 30px 0px 0px -1.5px; --baseline-multiplier:0.157; line-height: 1.22; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">⚗Welcome to the Micro-Propaganda Machine</font></h4><p name="72ca" id="72ca" class="graf graf--p graf-after--h4" style="margin: 6px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There’s a vast network of dubious “news” sites. Most are simple in design, and many appear to be made from the same web templates. These sites have created an&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">ecosystem of real-time propaganda</em>: they include viral hoax engines that can instantly shape public opinion through mass “reaction” to serious political topics and news events. This network is triggered on-demand to spread false, hyper-biased, and politically-loaded information.</font></p><p name="789f" id="789f" class="graf graf--p graf-after--p" style="margin: 29px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For this analysis, I’m calling it “fake news.”</font></p><p name="e709" id="e709" class="graf graf--p graf-after--p" style="margin: 29px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s what I term the #MPM:&nbsp;<span class="markup--quote markup--p-quote is-other" name="anon_7247a9f91774" data-creator-ids="anon" style="transition: background-color 0.2s; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(39, 243, 106, 0.0980392), rgba(39, 243, 106, 0.0980392));">the “micro-propaganda machine” — an influence network that can tailor people’s opinions, emotional reactions, and create “viral” sharing (LOL/haha/RAGE) episodes around what should be serious or contemplative issues</span>. The increasing influence of this type of&nbsp;<a href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/whats-missing-from-the-trump-election-equation-let-s-start-with-military-grade-psyops-fa22090c8c17#.ldn0n3d5x" data-href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/whats-missing-from-the-trump-election-equation-let-s-start-with-military-grade-psyops-fa22090c8c17#.ldn0n3d5x" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" target="blank" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.439216); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 2px 0.1em; background-position: 0px 1.07em;"><span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">behavioral micro-targeting</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">emotional manipulation — </span>data-driven “psyops” — has become more noticable</a>&nbsp;as people begin to reflect on the outcome of the recent #Brexit and U.S. election.</font></p><p name="3d2a" id="3d2a" class="graf graf--p graf-after--p" style="margin: 29px 0px 0px; --baseline-multiplier:0.179; line-height: 1.58; letter-spacing: -0.003em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In my previous post,&nbsp;<a href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/why-banning-fake-news-sites-from-ad-networks-wont-work-3995da452e70#.isalnv7xl" data-href="https://medium.com/@d1gi/why-banning-fake-news-sites-from-ad-networks-wont-work-3995da452e70#.isalnv7xl" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" target="blank" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.439216); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 2px 0.1em; background-position: 0px 1.07em;">I found that only ~<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">60%</span>&nbsp;of incoming traffic</a>&nbsp;from a sample of leading “fake” and hyper-biased news sites seemed to be coming out of Facebook and Twitter. The remaining ~40% of web traffic was&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">organic — </span>coming from direct website visits, P2P shares, text/instant messaging, subscription e-newsletters, RSS, and search engines. Again:&nbsp;<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">Less than 0.1%</span>of the traffic to the sites I looked at came from display&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">advertising</em>&nbsp;or (known)&nbsp;<em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: 'liga' 1, 'salt' 1;">paid</em><span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">&nbsp;</span>search<span class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;">&nbsp;</span>content.</font></p>

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