Cengage
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</div><div>wiki</div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Cengage Learning, Inc.</b> is an educational content, technology, and services company for the higher education and K-12, professional and library markets worldwide.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Cengage Learning has operations in more than 20 countries around the world.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Cengage.com_About_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-Cengage.com_About-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.5020008087158px;"> [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Company_information" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Company information</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Services" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Services</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Sale_to_private_equity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sale to private equity</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Acquisitions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Acquisitions</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Brands.2Fimprints" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Brands/imprints</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Rankings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Rankings</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Company_information">Company information</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Company information" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and has approximately 5,500 employees worldwide across 20 countries. It was headquartered at its Stamford, Connecticut office until April 2014.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cengage Learning serves secondary, higher education, and graduate-level students, teachers, libraries, government agencies, and corporations in both traditional and distance learning environments.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Gale is Cengage Learning's library reference arm and specializes in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses. The company creates and maintains databases that are published online,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in print, as eBooks and in microform.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011, Cengage Learning acquired the National Geographic Society's school publishing unit to launch the National Geographic Learning brand. The global brand combined the former Cengage Learning ELT and National Geographic School Publishing imprints and sub-brands, under one unified identity.</p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Services">Services</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Services" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cengage Learning offers print and digital textbooks, instructor supplements, online reference databases, distance learning courses, test preparation materials, corporate training courses, career assessment tools, materials for specific academic disciplines, and custom solutions.</p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cengage Learning, formerly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Corporation" title="Thomson Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Thomson Learning</a>, which owned the Wadsworth Publishing imprint, was created out of a restructuring of International Thomson Publishing. Cengage Learning filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 on July 2, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup> The company had acquired a large amount of debt through the course of its initial buyout and subsequent acquisitions. Cengage Learning emerged from bankruptcy on April 1, 2014, eliminating approximately $4 billion of its funded debt and securing $1.75 billion in exit financing.</p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sale_to_private_equity">Sale to private equity</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Sale to private equity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It was announced on October 25, 2006, that Thomson Learning would be offered for sale by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Corporation" title="Thomson Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Thomson Corporation</a>, with an estimated value of up to US$5 billion. The company was bought by a private equity consortium consisting of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Apax Partners</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMERS_Capital_Partners" title="OMERS Capital Partners" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">OMERS Capital Partners</a> for US$7.75 billion, and the name was changed to Cengage Learning </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">on 24 July 2007.</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: Acquisitions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to organic growth, Cengage Learning has expanded through acquisitions within the publishing industry. Notable acquisitions include:</p><table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse; color: black; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Date of acquisition announced</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Asset acquired</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Industry</th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">16 May 2008</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">PAL Publications<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Professional reference series</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2 June 2008</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMPG#The_merger_with_Harcourt" title="EMPG" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Houghton Mifflin College Division</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Publishing for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2-</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-year" title="4-year" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4-year</a> colleges</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">17 July 2008</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatlin_Education_Services" title="Gatlin Education Services" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gatlin Education Services</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-based_training" title="Web-based training" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Web-based training</a> for education providers</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">16 December 2008</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HighBeam_Research" title="HighBeam Research" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">HighBeam Research</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Paid search engine of newspapers and magazines</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 August 2011</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_School_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Geographic School Publishing (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">National Geographic School Publishing</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Publishing for K-12 Schools</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Brands.2Fimprints">Brands/imprints</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: Brands/imprints" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The company's product lines include: 4LTR Press, Aplia, Cengage Learning PTR, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilton_Company" title="Chilton Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chilton</a>, Education To Go, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_(publisher)" title="Gale (publisher)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gale</a>, Milady, MindTap, and National Geographic Learning.</p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Rankings">Rankings</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: Rankings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2014, based on its 2013 revenues, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Publishers Weekly</a></i> ranked the company at number nine out of 56 publishers worldwide. The list includes both trade and educational publishers.<sup id="cite_ref-top_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengage_Learning#cite_note-top-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p></div><div>=</div>